scholarly journals The Cd mobility in incubated sewage sludge after ameliorative materials additions

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hanč ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
J. Balík
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

Cadmium mobility in sewage sludge amended by four types of ameliorative materials (lime, limestone, bentonite and zeolite) incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for eight months was studied in the experiment. The most statistically significant decrease of available Cd extracted by 0.01 mol/l CaCl<sub>2</sub> was recorded in sludge between second and fourth months of incubation. As most effective stabilizers were found limestone and bentonite added into the sludge incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions respectively. The presence of air reduced Cd mobility in individual sludges more than lack of air. Cadmium was separated by sequential extraction into five fractions as water soluble, exchangeable, bound with Fe and Mn oxides, organically bound, and residual fraction. Sequential analysis showed decrease of Cd in exchangeable and oxide fractions in sludge treated by lime and limestone at the end of aerobic incubation. Cadmium was found in water soluble and exchangeable fractions in small portion, even so its content in these fractions was higher than determined in slighter 0.01 mol/l CaCl<sub>2 </sub>solution.

scholarly journals The accumulation of zinc in oat grown in soils treated by incubated sewage sludge with peat and straw

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 548-555
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
J. Černý
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Predominant Effect ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Different Soils

The effect of addition of treated sewage sludge on the accumulation of Zn in plants was tested in pot experiment. The additions of eight months preincubated sewage sludge at temperature of 20&deg;C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with addition of peat and straw were tested. Two different combinations were designed: first consisted of 50% sludge + 35% peat and 15% straw, and second was made of 50% sludge + 5% peat and 45% straw (expressed as dry matter). Three different soils Chernozems, Luvisols, and Fluvisols and three sludges were tested in the experiment. Oat (cv. Pan) was planted as experimental crop. All treatments were fertilized by NPK. Green biomass of oat was harvested and analyzed. At treatments with addition of both composted sludges pH dropped down causing higher mobility of Zn in sewage sludge. Oat grown in these treatments contained higher amount of Zn compared to untreated soils. The application of anaerobically treated sludge led to increased Zn content in biomass compared to aerobically incubated one. Predominant effect on Zn accumulation in plants was determined by tested soil. The highest content was determined in plants grown on Fluvisols. The biomass yield was more affected by source of sewage sludge than by the soil type used. Treatments amended by anaerobically incubated sludge showed tendency to higher biomass production due to their higher content of nitrogen and carbon.

The energy metabolism of adult Haemonchus contortus, in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. V. Ward ◽  
N. S. Huskisson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

SummaryA comparison was made of the major excretory products when adult Haemonchus contortus worms were incubated with D-[U-14C]glucose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Catabolites measured were propan-1-ol, acetate, n-propionate and CO2 and the only major difference was that nearly twice as much CO2 both in terms of quantity and radioactivity was excreted under aerobic than anaerobic conditions. The worms were also much more physically active under aerobic conditions. When worms were incubated under aerobic conditions with increasing amounts of fluoroacetate their CO2 production was progressively reduced to the anaerobic level. Their movement and their ability to clump together was also progressively reduced. After aerobic incubation with fluoroacetate and D-[U-14C]g1ucose the quantity and radioactivity of citrate within worms increased greatly. When worms were similarly incubated anaerobically no increase in citrate occurred, no radioactivity was associated with the citrate and the worms appeared physically unaffected. When worms were incubated aerobically with fluoro[1-14C]acetate they produced radioactive fluorocitrate.

scholarly journals The zinc mobility in three different soils amended by sewage sludge incubated with limestone and lime, and Zn uptake by oats

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 518-524
Author(s):  
A. Hanč ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
D. Pavlíková
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Different Soils

The effect of sewage sludge application on three soils of different properties (Chernozems &ndash; location Suchdol, Luvisols &ndash; location Červen&yacute; &Uacute;jezd and Cambisols &ndash; location Humpolec) was investigated in pot experiment and the accumulation of Zn in above ground biomass of oat as well as availability of Zn released by 0.01 mol/l&nbsp;CaCl<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;was evaluated. Stabilised sewage sludge was obtained from three wastewater factories in Czech Republic. Sewage sludge has been preincubated with addition of limestone and lime (7% of Ca w/w of sludge dry solid) in aerobic and anaerobic conditions and tested in pot experiment. The highest Zn mobility reduction was found at Humpolec soil. Sludge amended by lime and limestone reduced available Zn content in this soil (at sludge III by 86% after limestone and by 71% after lime application). Considerable reduction of Zn in plant showed in Humpolec soil treated by sludge with lime (by 20% compared with soil treated by nonincubated sludge &ndash; control) and limestone (by 30% after anaerobic incubation compared to control). The positive incubation and treatment effect was not confirmed in the other soils. Available Zn in Humpolec soil showed the strongest correlation among all soils with total Zn content in plant (at aerobic treatment R<sup>2</sup> = 0.66 and at anaerobic R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83).

Mobility of Zinc in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil after Compost Amendment and Brassica juncea Harvest

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li Huang ◽  
Lin Luo ◽  
Jia Chao Zhang ◽  
Pu Feng Qin ◽  
Man Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Compost Amendment ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxides

Pot experiments were performed to investigate the effect of compost amendment on the mobility of zinc through analysis of Zn fractions in heavy metal contaminated soil. The results showed that the total Zn concentration decreased 8.11%, 10.15%, 16.15%, 20.05%, 7.28% and 5.02% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil and Brassica juncea harvest, respectively. Zn was mostly concentrated in the residual fraction and Fe-Mn oxides fraction in soil. The percentage of Zn in water-soluble fraction, organic fraction and residual fraction had no correlation with the amount of compost amendment. The percentage of Zn in the exchangeable fraction decreased and the percentage of Zn in Fe-Mn oxides fractions increased obviously. Furthermore, the mobility factor of Zn decreased significantly from 19.20% without compost amendment to 19.09%, 18.70%, 18.15%, 16.45% and 16.12% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil, the compost amendment could lowered the mobility and phytotoxicity of zinc through bound to Fe-Mn oxides.

Oxygen concentration affects frequency and range of transconjugants for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1015
Author(s):  
Kentaro Ochi ◽  
Maho Tokuda ◽  
Kosuke Yanagiya ◽  
Chiho Suzuki-Minakuchi ◽  
Hideaki Nojiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Recipient Strain ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Filter Mating ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

ABSTRACT The frequency of transconjugants were compared for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Filter mating assays were performed with one donor strain and one recipient strain using different donors of Pseudomonas and recipient strains, including Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Buttiauxella. Under anaerobic condition, frequencies of transconjugants for both plasmids were 101-103-fold lower than those under aerobic condition regardless of whether aerobically or anaerobically grown donors and recipients were used. To compare the transconjugant ranges under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, conjugation was performed between the donor of pBP136 and recipient bacteria extracted from environmental samples. Several transconjugants were uniquely obtained from each aerobic or anaerobic condition. Our findings indicate that a plasmid can differently spread among bacteria depending on the oxygen concentrations of the environment.

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