scholarly journals Situation of damage caused by Cryphonectria parasitica to forest stands and orchards of Castanea sativa by 2001 in Slovakia

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Juhásová ◽  
K. Adamčíková ◽  
H. Ivanová ◽  
M. Kobza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Biological Protection

In the present paper the knowledge of evaluation of the health condition of Castanea sativa (Mill.) in forest stands was summarised. It was found out that the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr damaged the coppices until 60 years. Degree of damage (I<sub>hc</sub>) in the evaluated localities ranged from 1.11 to 3.50. Between 1992 and 2001 the biological protection in orchards by the method of hypovirulent converted strains from France was used. This method had not been used in forest stands until then. The efficiency of canker treatment ranged from 38.9% to 64.9%. On the basis of genetic variability of C. parasitica isolates they were classified into 4 vegetative-compatible (v-c) groups. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Distribution of sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Mill. in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Haltofová ◽  
L. Jankovský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Extremes ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
First Time

Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Mill. is an introduced species in the Czech Republic. It is recorded roughly from 300 localities. To the end of 2002, the occurrence of chestnut was verified at about 140 macrolocalities. The most northern locality recorded so far was Choustn&iacute;kovo Hradi&scaron;tě in the region of Hradec Kr&aacute;lov&eacute;. Chestnuts occur generally to an altitude of 500 m (80% of all examined localities), at higher altitudes they suffer from climatic extremes particularly late frosts. The occurrence of chestnut was recorded at 27 localities (ca. 20% localities under investigation) where altitudes exceed 500 m. The highest location of chestnut is locality Nejdek, Karlovy Vary District where chestnut trees thrive at an altitude of 678 m. At altitudes over 600 m, two other localities were recorded. The health condition of chestnut is relatively good. At some localities, however, crown drying occurs as a result of not quite ideal climatic conditions. Within our research, quarantine Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. was determined for the first time in the Czech Republic at the only examined locality.

scholarly journals Diversity of microfungi on branches of Castanea sativa in Slovakia

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Adamčíková ◽  
Gabriela Juhásová ◽  
Marek Kobza ◽  
Emília Ondrušková
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Chestnut Tree ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill

Abstract Localities in Castanea sativa Mill. plantations were visited in a study aimed at identifying the mycoflora of C. sativa in Slovakia [excluding Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.), Barr for which much data is available]. Samples from chestnut tree branches and stems were examined visually and microscopically. Seven species of microfungi were recorded, three with their anamorphs. Coryneum modonium (Sacc.) Griffon & Maubl. and Phomopsis castaneae Woron. were the most common. Libertella quercina Tul. & C. Tul. was identified in both states (anamorph and teleomorph) at two new localities. The records of Gloniopsis praelonga (Schwein.) Underw. & Earle and Dothidotthia celtidis (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr are the first for Slovakia. These species were rare, found only in one locality. Two microscopic fungi were detected: Valsa ambiens (Pers.) Fr. [Cytospora ambiens (Nitschke) Sacc.] and Diplodina castaneae Prill. & Delacr.

Growth Features of Castanea sativa Mill. in Forest Stands Infected by Cryphoneciria parasitica (Murrill) М. Е. Barr. in Abkhazia

2020 ◽  
Vol 491 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
V. P. Koba ◽  
Yu. V. Plugatar ◽  
O. M. Shevchuk ◽  
V. D. Leyba ◽  
T. M. Sakhno
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Growth Features

scholarly journals Management of Chestnut Blight in Greece Using Hypovirulence and Silvicultural Interventions

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanos Diamandis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Nut Production

Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is an important tree for Greece. The invasive fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, which causes chestnut blight, was first found in Central Greece in 1963. It has since spread all over the country, significantly reducing the national annual nut production. The increasing decline of forests and orchards due to the disease led to a project in 1995, which aimed at studying the feasibility of applying biological control. A prerequisite study of the existing vegetative compatibility types of the pathogen showed only four, and their distribution was mapped. A pilot project (1998–2000) that consisted of clear cutting heavily infected coppice stands and introducing hypovirulence to the remainder was implemented on Mt. Athos on a 7000 ha sweet chestnut forest. Two evaluations (in 2003 and 2011) revealed that hypovirulence was established in the sweet chestnut forests and spread more or less homogeneously. A nationwide project introducing hypovirulence to 29 counties was implemented in two, 3-yr-periods 2007–2009 (17 counties) and 2014–2016 (12 counties). The new evaluations showed that hypovirulence spread profoundly and forests and orchards started recovering. The appearance of natural hypovirulence cannot be predicted. Introduced hypovirulence and silvicultural interventions can be used to manage the disease. It is the responsibility of the forest/orchard manager to decide whether to wait for appearance of natural hypovirulence, or to introduce it for a faster decline in disease.

Effect of silicon fertilization on the tolerance of Castanea sativa Mill. seedlings against Cryphonectria parasitica Barr.

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Andreia Carneiro-Carvalho ◽  
Teresa Pinto ◽  
Helena Ferreira ◽  
Luís Martins ◽  
Catarina Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill

scholarly journals Cancro do Castanheiro em Trás-os-Montes (Portugal): Incidência atual e estudo da estrutura populacional de Cryphonectria parasitica para a introdução da luta biológica por hipovirulência

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Eugénia Gouveia ◽  
Eric Pereira ◽  
Arsénio Araújo ◽  
Valentim Coelho ◽  
João Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill

O castanheiro europeu (Castanea sativa Mill.) é a árvore central de um sistema agroflorestal extensivo e multifuncional muito característico das montanhas do nordeste de Portugal. A introdução do fungo Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr que provoca no castanheiro cancros nos tecidos corticais é desde a sua introdução, em 1989, a principal causa de morte do castanheiro. Não existindo meios de luta eficazes a remoção dos cancros é utilizada para reduzir o inóculo do parasita. O método evidenciou pouca eficácia e a doença está presente em todas as regiões de castanheiro. A Hipovirulência, mediada pela presença do hipovírus CHV1, é um método muito eficaz para o tratamento dos cancros e recuperação dos castanheiros. Foi objetivo deste trabalho avaliar a estrutura da população de C. parasitica para introduzir a Hipovirulência. Em 3 freguesias, onde a doença está presente desde a sua introdução, foi estudada a estrutura populacional do fungo parasita. Numa malha geográfica de 500x500m, 70 pontos de amostragem e 1331 castanheiros foram estudados. A análise geoestatística revelou focos de grande intensidade da doença que variaram de 54,75 a 73,33%. Foram identificados 5 vc types. EU-11 é o grupo dominante com 85,55%, seguido do EU01 (5,34%), EU66 (4,58%) e EU12 (2,90%), considerados novas introduções do parasita. O idiomorfo MAT-1 e MAT-2 estão presentes nas populações estudadas, sendo o MAT-2 dominante. A proporção 1:1 identificada, num dos locais, sugere multiplicação sexuada do fungo. A ainda baixa diversidade vc type na população de C. parasitica aconselha a introdução da hipovirulência como meio de luta preferencial contra o Cancro do Castanheiro em Portugal.

scholarly journals Results of biological control of chestnut blight in Slovakia

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Juhásová ◽  
Katarína Adamcíková ◽  
Cécile Robin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Chestnut Blight

The health condition of Castanea sativa in the Stiavnicko-krupinská region of Slovakia was evaluated and the incidence of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica was noted. A total of 2274 trees were examined. The degree of injury was expressed on a scale varying from zero to five and an index of health condition, IHC, was calculated from these data. The values of IHC varied from 0.12 to 1.36. From 1992 to 1997, we treated 714 cankers using hypovirulent strains of C. parasitica obtained from INRA Clermont-Ferrand. Callusing was observed on 32.7% of the treated cankers.

scholarly journals Identification of Susceptibility Genes in Castanea sativa and Their Transcription Dynamics following Pathogen Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Vera Pavese ◽  
Andrea Moglia ◽  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Daniela Torello Marinoni ◽  
Emile Cavalet-Giorsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Domain Identification ◽  
S Genes

Castanea sativa is one of the main multipurpose tree species valued for its timber and nuts. This species is susceptible to two major diseases, ink disease and chestnut blight, caused by Phytophthora spp. and Cryphonectria parasitica, respectively. The loss-of-function mutations of genes required for the onset of pathogenesis, referred to as plant susceptibility (S) genes, are one mechanism of plant resistance against pathogens. On the basis of sequence homology, functional domain identification, and phylogenetic analyses, we report for the first time on the identification of S-genes (mlo1, dmr6, dnd1, and pmr4) in the Castanea genus. The expression dynamics of S-genes were assessed in C. sativa and C. crenata plants inoculated with P. cinnamomi and C. parasitica. Our results highlighted the upregulation of pmr4 and dmr6 in response to pathogen infection. Pmr4 was strongly expressed at early infection phases of both pathogens in C. sativa, whereas in C. crenata, no significant upregulation was observed. The infection of P. cinnamomi led to a higher increase in the transcript level of dmr6 in C. sativa compared to C. crenata-infected samples. For a better understanding of plant responses, the transcript levels of defense genes gluB and chi3 were also analyzed.

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