Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield &nbsp;

An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management.

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The integration of herbicides with mechanical weeding for weed control in winter wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859602002617 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 139 (4) ◽

pp. 385-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. M. BLAIR ◽

P. A. JONES ◽

R. H. INGLE ◽

N. D. TILLETT ◽

T. HAGUE

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Integrated System ◽

Guidance System ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Grass Weed

Two systems for integrated weed control in winter wheat based around the combination of herbicides with cultural control have been investigated and compared with conventional practice in experiments between 1993 and 2001. These systems were (a) an overall spray of a reduced herbicide dose followed by spring tine harrow weeding and (b) the combination of herbicide applied over the crop row with a novel vision guided inter-row hoe. The latter required wheat to be established with a wider (22 cm) inter-row spacing than standard (12·5 cm). Experiments over 10 sites/seasons indicated that this increased spacing could be achieved without yield loss. Trials to measure the accuracy of hoe blade lateral positioning using the vision guidance system indicated that error was normally distributed with standard deviation of 12 mm and a bias that could be set to within 1 cm. This performance could be maintained through the normal hoeing period and the crop row location and tracking techniques were robust to moderate weed infestation. In the absence of weeds neither overall harrowing nor inter-row hoeing affected winter wheat yield, 1000-seed weight or specific weight in 12·5 or 22 cm rows. When combined with inter-row hoeing, manually targeted banded applications of fluazolate, pendimethalin or isoproturon reduced grass weed levels and increased yields over untreated controls, though better results were obtained using overall herbicides. However, improvements would be possible with more accurately targeted herbicide applications and more effective inter-row grass weed control. The implications and costs of using such an integrated system are discussed and requirements for future developments identified.

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Undersown cover crops have limited weed suppression potential when reducing tillage intensity in organically grown cereals

Organic Agriculture ◽

10.1007/s13165-019-00262-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 107-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Salonen ◽

E. Ketoja

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Weed Management ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Perennial Weeds ◽

Weed Infestation

Abstract Adoption of reduced tillage in organic cropping has been slow, partly due to concerns about increasing weed infestation. Undersown cover crops (CCs) are considered to be a feasible option for weed management but their potential for weed suppression is insufficiently investigated in low-till organic cropping. The possibilities to reduce primary tillage by introducing CCs to maintain weed infestation at a level that does not substantially jeopardize crop yield were studied in a field experiment in southern Finland during 2015–2017. Eight different CC mixtures were undersown in cereals and the response in weed occurrence was consecutively assessed in spring barley, winter wheat, and finally, as a subsequent effect, in spring wheat. Growth of CCs was too slow to prevent the flush of early emerging weeds in spring barley whereas in winter wheat, CCs succeeded in hindering the growth of weeds. However, CCs could not prevent the increase of perennial weeds in a reduced tillage system in which the early growth of spring wheat was retarded in cool 2017. Consequently, after 2 years of reduced tillage, weed biomass was about 2.6 times higher and spring wheat yield was 30% lower than in plowed plots, respectively. No major differences in weed control efficacy among CC treatments were evident. A grain yield benefit was recorded after repeated use of leguminous CCs. The need for long-term field studies remains of particular interest regarding post-harvest performance and influence of CCs on perennial weeds before the inversion tillage.

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Biochar and Fertilization Effects on Weed Incidence in Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11102028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2028

Author(s):

Bojana Brozović ◽

Irena Jug ◽

Danijel Jug ◽

Bojan Stipešević ◽

Marija Ravlić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Rich Material ◽

Set Up ◽

Fertilization Effects

Biochar, a carbon-rich material, is highlighted to improve soil fertility, simultaneously mitigating climate change by carbon sequestration. Combined with mineral fertilizer, it can increase weediness, the major source of yield loss in agricultural production. Research with biochar was conducted in Eastern Croatia in 2016, with the aim to investigate the influence of biochar and mineral fertilizer on weed infestation and winter wheat yield. Field experiments were set up as a split-plot where biochar (B) was the main factor and fertilization was the sub factor. The main treatments were: B0 (control without biochar), B1-5 t ha−1, B2-10 t ha−1 and B3-15 t ha−1. Fertilization sublevels were F0) without fertilizer and F1) optimal dose of fertilizer. Weediness was determined by counting and measuring aboveground biomass. The treatments with the greatest effect on weediness were B3 and F1 in the winter wheat tillering stage. In the winter wheat ripening stage, treatment B3 obtained the highest weediness and F1 significantly reduced weed density. Biochar treatment B3 increased winter wheat yield by 77% in relation to the control. The application of biochar combined with fertilization affected the level of weediness depending on agroecological conditions, but with a significant increase in yield.

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Spatial Pattern of Weeds Based on Multispecies Infestation Maps Created by Imagery

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00178.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 474-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Louis Longchamps ◽

Bernard Panneton ◽

Robin Reich ◽

Marie-Josée Simard ◽

Gilles D. Leroux

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Image Segmentation ◽

Spatial Pattern ◽

Weed Management ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Site Specific ◽

Weed Cover ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Level Of Aggregation

Weeds are often spatially aggregated in maize fields, and the level of aggregation varies across and within fields. Several annual weed species are present in maize fields before postemergence herbicide application, and herbicides applied will control several species at a time. The goal of this study was to assess the spatial distribution of multispecies weed infestation in maize fields. Ground-based imagery was used to map weed infestations in rain-fed maize fields. Image segmentation was used to extract weed cover information from geocoded images, and an expert-based threshold of 0.102% weed cover was used to generate maps of weed presence/absence. From 19 site-years, 13 (68%) demonstrated a random spatial distribution, whereas six site-years demonstrated an aggregated spatial pattern of either monocotyledons, dicotyledons, or both groups. The results of this study indicated that monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed groups were not spatially segregated, but discriminating these weed groups slightly increased the chances of detecting an aggregated pattern. It was concluded that weeds were not always spatially aggregated in maize fields. These findings emphasize the need for techniques allowing the assessment of weed aggregation prior to conducting site-specific weed management.

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Effect of site-specific weed management in winter crops on yield and weed populations

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/574/2013-pse ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. Hamouz ◽

K. Hamouzová ◽

L. Tyšer ◽

J. Holec

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Site Specific ◽

Weed Population Dynamics ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Winter Crops

Site-specific weed management (SSWM) methods allow spatially variable treatment of weed populations according to actual weed abundance, thus offering the opportunity for herbicide savings. However, SSWM’s effect on weed population dynamics is not sufficiently understood. In this study, SSWM was conducted based on various application thresholds to analyse the effects on crop yield and weed infestation in the succeeding crop. SSWM was used on a 3.07 ha experimental field in winter wheat (2011) and winter oilseed rape (2012). The whole area was split into application cells of 6 × 10 m and abundance of all weed species was evaluated manually in each cell. Four different herbicide treatments were tested. Standard whole-field herbicide application (blanket spraying) was treatment 1. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 comprised SSWM using different thresholds for post-emergent herbicide application. SSWM resulted in savings of post-emergent herbicides ranging from 71.9% to 100%, depending on the application threshold. Differences in winter rape yield among treatments were generally small and statistically insignificant (P = 0.989). Although some minor changes in weed abundances were observable, the experiment showed that none of the site-specific herbicide treatments caused a significant (α = 0.05) increase of weed species abundance compared to the standard treatment.

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Tillage and Weed Management Affects Winter Wheat Yield in an Integrated Pest Management System

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010027x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

F. L. Young ◽

A. G. Ogg ◽

R. I. Papendick ◽

D. C. Thill ◽

J. R. Alldredge

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management System ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Winter Wheat Yield

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Impacts of climate change on maize and winter wheat yields in China from 1961 to 2010 based on provincial data

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859614001154 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 153 (5) ◽

pp. 825-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. CHEN ◽

G. S. ZHOU ◽

Y. M. PANG

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Maize Yield ◽

The Other ◽

National Scale ◽

Maize Production ◽

Central Regions ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

SUMMARYThe impacts of climate change on maize and winter wheat yields in China from 1961 to 2010 were studied in the current paper, based on provincial data. The results indicated that rising average temperatures resulted in decreased maize yield in most of the study regions, and reduced maize production at a national scale by c. 3·4% relative to the average from 1961 to 2010. Moreover, the warming resulted in a decrease of winter wheat yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai and southwest regions and led to an overall loss in production of c. 5·8% at a national scale. The decrease of diurnal temperature range (DTR) affected maize yield adversely in the west and central regions, but a beneficial DTR effect was observed in the other provinces. The changes in DTR resulted in increased maize production at a national scale by c. 0·6%. However, the generally decreasing trends for DTR resulted in an increasing winter wheat yield in the northwest and south regions but a decreasing yield in the other provinces, and the production of winter wheat at a national scale was reduced by c. 2·9% because of changes in DTR. Changes in precipitation increased maize and winter wheat yields in some provinces but reduced crop yield in others. There was no significant effect of precipitation on maize production at a national scale, but the contribution of precipitation change reached c. 1·6% for winter wheat production.

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Stem base rot of winter wheat by Fusarium spp. - causes and effects

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2005.058 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 319-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Małgorzata Narkiewicz-Jodko ◽

Zygmunt Gil ◽

Marek Urban

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Plant Health ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Stem Base ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Weed Infestation

The aim of the work was to determine the influence of weather conditions and a degree of weed infestation on the incidence of stem bases rot (Fusarium spp.) of winter wheat cultivars as well as their yield. The winter wheat cultivars (Kobra, Korweta, Mikon, Zyta) were investigated (2000-2002) in the field where the following herbicides: Apyros 75 WG + Atpolan, Affinity 50,75 WG, Attribut 70 WG were applied. It has been shown the occurrence of stem base rot (Fusarium spp.) depended mainly on weather conditions. The application of the herbicides improved the plant health. The stem base rot on winter wheat was caused by Fusarium spp., specially F. culmorum. The decrease in winter wheat yield depended on weather conditions, weed infestation and the occurrence of stem base rot (Fusarium spp.).

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