scholarly journals Gene flow from Clearfield® rice to weedy rice under field conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engku AK ◽  
M. Norida ◽  
Juraimi AS ◽  
Rafii MY ◽  
Abdullah SNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Weedy Rice

scholarly journals Gene flow from single and stacked herbicide-resistant rice (Oryza sativa): modeling occurrence of multiple herbicide-resistant weedy rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dauer ◽  
Andrew Hulting ◽  
Dale Carlson ◽  
Luke Mankin ◽  
John Harden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

scholarly journals Gene flow from GM glyphosate-tolerant to conventional soybeans under field conditions in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Yoshimura ◽  
Kazuhito Matsuo ◽  
Koji Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Field Conditions

Assessing environmental impact of pollen-mediated transgene flow.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Bao-Rong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Fitness Effect ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Transgene Flow

Abstract Potential environmental impact caused by pollen-mediated transgene flow from commercially cultivated genetically engineered (GE) crops to their non-GE crop counterparts and to their wild and weedy relatives has aroused tremendous biosafety concerns worldwide. This chapter provides information on the concept and classification of gene flow, the framework of the environmental biosafety assessment caused by pollen-mediated gene flow, and relevant case studies about transgene flow and its environmental impact. In general, gene flow refers to the movement of genes or genetic materials from a plant population to other populations. Crop-to- crop transgene flow at a considerable frequency may result in transgene 'contamination' of non-GE crops, causing potential food/feed biosafety problems and regional or international trade disputes. Crop-to- wild/weedy transgene flow may bring about environmental impacts, such as creating more invasive weeds, threatening local populations of wild relative species, or affecting genetic diversity of wild relatives, if the incorporated transgene can normally express in the recipient wild/weedy plants and significantly alter the fitness of the wild/weedy plants and populations. It is therefore necessary to establish a proper protocol to assess the potential environmental impacts caused by transgene flow. Three steps are important for assessing potential environment impacts of transgene flow to wild/weedy relatives: (i) to accurately measure the frequencies of transgene flow: (ii) to determine the expression level of a transgene incorporated in wild/weedy populations; and (iii) to estimate the fitness effect (benefit or cost) conferred by expression of a transgene in wild/weedy populations. The recently reported case of non-random allele transmission into GE and non-GE hybrid lineages or experimental populations challenges the traditional method of estimating the fitness effect for the assessment of environmental impacts of transgene flow. Furthermore, case studies of transgenic mitigation (TM) strategies illustrate ways that may reduce the impacts of a transgene on wild/weedy populations if crop-to- wild/weedy transgene flow is not preventable, such as in the case of gene flow from crop rice to its co-occurring weedy rice.

Germination of Weedy Rice in Response to Field Conditions during Winter

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Fogliatto ◽  
Francesco Vidotto ◽  
Aldo Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Delayed Germination

Weedy rice is a problematic weed that infests paddy fields worldwide. Differing populations, with varying physiological and morphological traits, characterize this weed. In particular, seed dormancy makes its control difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination behavior of five Italian weedy rice populations (two awnless, two awned, and one mucronate) after exposure of seeds to different field storage conditions (flooding, burial, and dry soil surface) during winter in two sites (Grugliasco and Vercelli, Italy). Seed samples were taken from each population, storage condition, and site, every 15 d for petri dish germinability testing. The two sites displayed slightly different germination patterns, which were probably due to the differing climatic conditions. One of the awned populations showed the highest (always exceeding 80%) and fastest germination percentage in all field conditions and sites, compared with the other four populations. Although flooding promoted germination in one awnless population, it delayed germination in two others (one awned and one awnless), attaining only 20% germination after more than 100 d. In all populations, burial delayed germination, whereas seed placement on the dry soil surface enhanced it. Our study indicated that autumn tillage that promotes weedy rice seed burial should be discouraged; spring tillage that exposes seeds to the soil surface and cause their depletion should be encouraged. The tested technique of winter flooding can also improve weedy rice control, despite its varying efficacy among populations. Cycles of flooding and drying followed by spring tillage might improve weedy rice seed control.

Discordant Patterns of Introgression Suggest Historical Gene Flow into Thai Weedy Rice from Domesticated and Wild Relatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall J Wedger ◽  
Tonapha Pusadee ◽  
Anupong Wongtamee ◽  
Kenneth M Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
North East

Abstract Weedy relatives of crop species infest agricultural fields worldwide, reducing harvests and threatening global food security. These weeds can potentially evolve and adapt through gene flow from both domesticated crop varieties and reproductively compatible wild relatives. We studied populations of weedy rice in Thailand to investigate the role of introgression from cultivated and wild rice in their evolution. We examined 2 complementary sources of genetic data: allelic variation at 3 rice domestication genes (Bh4, controlling hull color; Rc, controlling pericarp color and seed dormancy; and sh4, controlling seed shattering), and 12 previously published SSR markers. Sampling spanned 3 major rice growing regions in Thailand (Lower North, North East, and Central Plain) and included 124 cultivated rice accessions, 166 weedy rice accessions, and 98 wild rice accessions. Weedy rice strains were overall closely related to the cultivated varieties with which they co-occur. Domestication gene data revealed potential adaptive introgression of sh4 shattering alleles from wild rice. Introgression of potentially maladaptive rc crop alleles (conferring reduced dormancy) was also detected, with the frequency of the crop allele highest in northern populations. Although SSR markers also indicated introgression into weed populations from wild and cultivated rice, there was little overlap with domestication genes in the accessions showing admixed ancestry. This suggests that much of the introgression we detected at domestication genes most likely reflects past introgression rather than recent gene flow. This finding has implications for understanding long-term gene flow dynamics between rice and its weedy and wild relatives, including potential risks of transgene escape.

Gene Flow between Potato Cultivars under Experimental Field Conditions in Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Capurro ◽  
E. L. Camadro ◽  
R. W. Masuelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Experimental Field

scholarly journals Pollen-mediated Gene Flow from Coreopsis tinctoria to Coreopsis leavenworthii: Inheritance of Morphological Markers and Determination of Gene Flow Rates as Affected by Separation Distances

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Smith ◽  
Zhanao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Genetic Integrity ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Coreopsis Tinctoria ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Strong Concern

The genus Coreospsis is Florida’s state wildflower. One species, Coreopsis leavenworthii, is nearly endemic to Florida and is highly desirable for use in highway beautification. Maintaining genetic integrity is critical for C. leavenworthii producers, growers, and users. Coreopsis tinctoria is closely related to and shares similar habitats with C. leavenworthii in Florida. Previous studies indicated that the two species could hybridize and the F1 hybrids showed chromosomal aberrations and reduced pollen stainability. There has been strong concern that pollen-mediated gene flow from C. tinctoria could contaminate the gene pool and compromise the genetic integrity of C. leavenworthii. In the current study, hand pollination showed that C. leavenworthii and C. tinctoria were highly compatible. F1 hybrids were fertile and readily produced F2 and BC1 individuals. Inheritance studies indicated that the maroon spot on the ray flower is controlled by a single dominant allele and is homozygous in C. tinctoria. This spot serves as a reliable, easy-to-score morphological marker to detect pollen-mediated gene flow from C. tinctoria to C. leavenworthii. Following a discontinuous design, gene flow studies were conducted under field conditions in central Florida over 2 years. The highest rate of pollen-mediated gene flow from C. tinctoria to C. leavenworthii was 4.2% and occurred when the two species were grown 1.5 m apart. Gene flow from C. tinctoria to C. leavenworthii under field conditions followed a leptokurtic curve. Based on the obtained regression equation, separating the two species by 60 m or more could lower the pollen-mediated gene flow from C. tinctoria to minimal levels and protect the genetic integrity of C. leavenworthii.

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