Germination of Weedy Rice in Response to Field Conditions during Winter

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Fogliatto ◽  
Francesco Vidotto ◽  
Aldo Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Delayed Germination

Weedy rice is a problematic weed that infests paddy fields worldwide. Differing populations, with varying physiological and morphological traits, characterize this weed. In particular, seed dormancy makes its control difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination behavior of five Italian weedy rice populations (two awnless, two awned, and one mucronate) after exposure of seeds to different field storage conditions (flooding, burial, and dry soil surface) during winter in two sites (Grugliasco and Vercelli, Italy). Seed samples were taken from each population, storage condition, and site, every 15 d for petri dish germinability testing. The two sites displayed slightly different germination patterns, which were probably due to the differing climatic conditions. One of the awned populations showed the highest (always exceeding 80%) and fastest germination percentage in all field conditions and sites, compared with the other four populations. Although flooding promoted germination in one awnless population, it delayed germination in two others (one awned and one awnless), attaining only 20% germination after more than 100 d. In all populations, burial delayed germination, whereas seed placement on the dry soil surface enhanced it. Our study indicated that autumn tillage that promotes weedy rice seed burial should be discouraged; spring tillage that exposes seeds to the soil surface and cause their depletion should be encouraged. The tested technique of winter flooding can also improve weedy rice control, despite its varying efficacy among populations. Cycles of flooding and drying followed by spring tillage might improve weedy rice seed control.

scholarly journals Investigation of Coffee Seed Physical Purity, Seed Health and Effect of Storage Time on Viability

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Melkam Anteneh ◽  
Abebe Atilaw ◽  
Taye Kufa
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Coffee Seed

High seed quality is essential for optimum stand establishment in Coffee. As a result, it is necessary to have seed physical, germination percent, physiological and health tests that permit rapid, objective and accurate evaluation of seed quality. This study evaluated the effect of storage time on physical, physiological, germination percent and health quality of seed lots of five coffee varieties obtained from research and commercial company. This test is conducted under ideal laboratory conditions and in the nursery site. After sample collected pure, pea-beery, cracked and shriveled seeds were measured before determining standard germination and vigor. The highest pea berry was recorded at JARC on the variety 75227(18.63), and the lowest was at LCP on the variety 74165 (8.81). In parchment coffee seed, the percentage of physical defects during seed processing affects germination and seedling viability. The standard germination test in the moisten-soft paper continues to be the most common measure of seed quality in coffee. In addition, this test requires more than two weeks before a determination of seed germination was possible. Ideally, seed quality tests efficiently differentiate between poor and good seed lots in a short period. There was high germination percent in the first planting time were recorded after one month storage than other two consecutive storage time. Normal germinated seedling reduced with in increases seed storage time and the incidence of seed/ soil -born pathogenic fungi. The germination test of seeds from laboratory under petri-dish with moist soft paper and at the nursery site also had low vigour and did not produce suitable seedlings for planting evaluated after three month storage. If after one month storage time of coffee seeds germinated more than older seeds (as our study indicates), then seedlings derived from younger may have a competitive advantage over seedlings derived from older one. In the present study, pre-emergence seedling mortality (Rotten) was greater in third month storage than in first month old seeds. This mortality partially accounted for the lower germination percentage in three month old seeds because only seeds that emerged above the soil surface were considered to have germinated is an indication of reduced vigor. In my study, in coffee seeds, seedlings from relatively low stored seeds were generally better able to withstand environmental stress than those from old seeds. Coffee seed sample from two sources stored safely to optimize coffee seedling production at the appropriate time and season with ideal climatic conditions for planting in the field. 

The effect of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, on the quality and vigour of rice seed

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadeesh Patil ◽  
Hari S. Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, is a serious pest of rice known to reduce grain yield. The effects of a series of infestation levels of M. graminicola on the nutritional and seed quality parameters of the grain have been studied under pot and field conditions using two cultivars of rice, a basmati, cv. Pusa Sugandh-5 and a non-basmati, cv. Pusa-44. The 1000 grain weight was significantly reduced by as much as 44.5% in cv. Pusa Sugandh-5 and 50.7% in cv. Pusa-44 seed when the parent plants were grown in soil with very high levels of M. graminicola infestation. The protein and amylose contents of the grains were significantly reduced in both the rice cultivars. The seed germination percentages of both the rice cultivars were also reduced as the nematode inoculation rates increased from 1-8 second-stage juveniles (J2) cm−3 in a pot experiment. Similar trends were also observed in field conditions. There was a significant decrease in the seedling vigour indices of both the rice cultivars. These results showed that the rice grains produced on plants infected with the nematode M. graminicola were lighter in weight and had poorer nutrient qualities, such as amylose and protein content. Further, if these grains were used as seed, the germination percentage was lower and, even more importantly, seed vigour was poor compared to the seed obtained from plants grown in M. graminicola-free soil.

EFFECT OF CANOPY AND INCORPORATION ON METRIBUZIN PERSISTENCE IN SOILS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. N. JENSEN ◽  
E. R. KIMBALL ◽  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Sampling Zone

The half-life of metribuzin applied to a bare soil surface was calculated to be 3–7 d over four field tests. An artificial cover erected after application or a shallow incorporation increased the half-life of metribuzin approximately 2.5- to 3-fold. Leaching out of the 0- to 5-cm-deep sampling zone could not account for loss of metribuzin. It was concluded that metribuzin persistence may be affected by volatility and/or photodecomposition losses under field conditions, especially shortly after application. Key words: Metribuzin half-life, volatility, photodecomposition, row width

Chitosan coating on bean and maize seeds: release of agrochemical fungicide and post-storage condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Araceli Godínez-Garrido ◽  
Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel ◽  
Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto ◽  
Francisco Cervantes-Ortiz ◽  
Artemio Pérez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Germination Speed

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin; it has multiple applications in agriculture as an antifungal, soil conditioner, inducer of defense mechanisms, fruits postharvest coating, leaves and seeds, among others. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings mixed with fungicide (dithiocarbamate) on the germination and germination speed of bean and maize seeds in storage and to determine the retention capacity of the fungicide in the coated seeds under different times of imbibition. Two coating treatments at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan in water, two coatings treatments at 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan supplemented with 0.5% fungicide and a coating without chitosan using only 0.5% fungicide in water were used in bean and maize seed; and as control seeds imbibed in distilled water were used; after treatments, germination percentage and germination speed were determined, also fungicide release were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h of imbibition, and the effect of storage time on germination and germination speed was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage at 4 °C and 45% relative humidity. The fungicide release effect was determined by inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum conidia germination. There were no negative effects of coatings on seed germination after storage. The treatment that provided both greater retention of the fungicidal agent and released it gradually, was 0.5% chitosan mixed with fungicide concentration. Chitosan coating seeds mixed with fungicide do not cause negative changes in seed germination or germination rate.

scholarly journals The method for recalibration of thoron concentration reading of RAD7 and obtaining the thoron exhalation rate from soil surface

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanliang Tan ◽  
Detao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
South China ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Radon Exhalation Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Rapid Decay ◽  
The University ◽  
Chamber Technique

Thoron exhalation rate can be obtained through the combination of the ?accumulation chamber? technique and RAD7. Thoron?s rapid decay causes the intake path and the air flow rate to become important factors in calibration. In field conditions, since the flow rate of the internal pump in RAD7 will change as the voltage of the battery decreases, the big drying tube is more suitable for a long measurement than the small drying tube. We developed the method for recalibration of the thoron concentration reading of RAD7 based on the calibration factor for 222Rn, and obtained the thoron exhalation rate from soil surface near by the Radon Laboratory of the University of South China. This method can be applied to develop and improve instruments for measuring the radon exhalation rate.

scholarly journals Effect of salinity on the microwave emission from dry soil surface

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Manaf Ezzldien Al-Sabbagh ◽  
Jasim Khalaf Shallal ◽  
Sabah Hussein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Microwave Emission ◽  
Dry Soil

scholarly journals Development of Liquid Enhancer for Germination of Drought-stressed Oryza sativa subsp. indica Seed cv. MR284

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Mahadi ◽  
F. Zawawi ◽  
R. Nulit ◽  
M. H. Ibrahim ◽  
N. I. Ab. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Selection Of

Aim: This study was conducted to develop liquid enhancer containing KCl, TU, GA, and SA for germination of drought-stressed Oryza sativa subsp. indica cv. MR284 seed. Study Design: All experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Two steps were involved in the development process which are to select an ideal concentration for each KCl, TU, GA, and SA, and to find an ideal combination of chemicals from the selection of ideal concentrations acquired in step 1 to form liquid enhancer. There were 20 treatments for step 1 and 9 treatments for step 2. All of these treatments with 6 replicates. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, between June 2018 and December 2018. Methodology: The sterilized rice seed cv. MR284 was stressed in the -1.2 Mpa PEG 6000 solution for three days and germinated in the KCl, TU, GA, and SA solution in a series of concentration for 10 days, in a controlled room. Seed germination was observed daily. Results: In the first step, drought-stressed rice seed showed the best germination performance in the 30 mM of KCl, 2.0 mM of TU, 0.24 mM GA, and 0.5 mM SA. Meanwhile, in the second step, the drought-stressed rice seed showed the best germination performance in the combination of 30 mM KCl + 2.0 mM TU + 0.24 mM GA + 0.5 mM SA. The best germination performance was evaluated by the highest germination percentage (%), germination index, seed vigor, leaf length, root length and biomass. Conclusion: Therefore, the combination treatments of 30 mM KCl + 2.0 mM TU + 0.5 mM SA was found to be the most effective and simplest liquid enhancer formula that has an ability to enhance seed germination of drought-stressed rice cv. MR284 seed.

scholarly journals Interlaboratory Comparison of Methods To Quantify Microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3846-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Termorshuizen ◽  
J. R. Davis ◽  
G. Gort ◽  
D. C. Harris ◽  
O. C. Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Blinded Fashion ◽  
Dry Soil

ABSTRACT In a comparison of different methods for estimatingVerticillium dahliae in soil, 14 soil samples were analyzed in a blinded fashion by 13 research groups in seven countries, using their preferred methods. One group analyzed only four samples. Twelve soil samples were naturally infested, and two had known numbers of microsclerotia of V. dahliae added to them. In addition, a control was included to determine whether transport had an effect on the results. Results differed considerably among the research groups. There was a 118-fold difference between the groups with the lowest and highest mean estimates. Results of the other groups were evenly distributed between these extremes. In general, methods based on plating dry soil samples gave higher numbers of V. dahliae than did plating of an aqueous soil suspension. Recovery of V. dahliae from samples with added microsclerotia varied from 0 to 59%. Most of the variability within each analysis was at the petri dish level. The results indicate the necessity to check the performance of detection assays regularly by comparing recoveries with other laboratories, using a common set of soil samples. We conclude that wet plating assays are less accurate than dry plating assays.

scholarly journals Enhancement of rice and wheat seed germination and seedling vigor by biocontrol agent, Cladosporium cladosporioides

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Md Touhidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vigor Index

The biocontrol agent, Cladosporium cladosporioides, strain BOU1 was used to evaluate the rice and wheat plant growth by germination percentage, germination index, vigor index- I and vigor index-II in rice and wheat seed. All the variables of germination and seedling vigor of rice and wheat were increased by the conidial suspension of C. cladosporioides. The rice seed treated with C. cladosporioides had the highest germination index and vigor index-I with average mean values of 8.2 and 4.5, respectively; while the treated wheat seed showed the highest germination percentage and vigor index- II with average mean values of 80.3 and 0.05, respectively. The research is concluded that the biocontrol agent C. cladosporioides improves seed germination and seedling vigor of wheat and rice, which can finally be converted into superior yield even in adverse conditions. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 09-15, April 2020

scholarly journals Effects of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on Germination in Lead Polluted Petri Dish of Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai, Cucurbitaceae

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chidozie Ogwu ◽  
Aiwansoba Raymond Osas ◽  
Osawaru Moses Edwin
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Watermelon, <em>Citrullus lanatus </em>(Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai is a tropical fruit vegetable. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a popular phytohormone while lead (Pb) is a common environmental pollutant in urban and sub-urban centers. <em>C. lanatus</em> were obtained from Benin City with a view to study the effects of IAA on their germination in Pb polluted environment.  Germination percentage without IAA and Pb treatment in petri dish was significant after ten days. Hastened germination was observed when IAA and lead were used. About 100 % germination was recorded after seven days. This suggests that water melon seeds can initiate growth even in lead polluted environment. Optimum level of 5 ppm IAA with the different levels of lead treatments may be recommended. Most important was that higher concentrations of Pb in the control (without IAA) did not inhibit seedling shoot nor root growth. Longest seedling shoot length (cm) was 10.33 ± 1.24 and 12.13 ± 2.06 on the seventh and eighth day respectively with the combined treatment levels of 1 ppm IAA and 15 ppm Pb. On the ninth day, 15.27 ± 0.96 was obtained from 1 ppm IAA and 20 ppm Pb. Longest seedling root length (cm) values were recorded from the combined treatment levels of 0 ppm IAA and 10 ppm Pb for the seventh (9.10 ± 0.47) and ninth (10.37 ± 1.81) day respectively and 0 ppm and 15 ppm Pb on the eighth (9.37 ± 0.84) day. Significant means were also obtained with the treatment level of 0 and 20 ppm IAA. This present study suggest the germination of <em>C. lanatus</em> under Pb polluted environment may be rescued with optimum IAA.

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