scholarly journals Effects of nutrition, social factors and chronic stress on the mouse Leydig cell testosterone production

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
L. Faldíková ◽  
I. Diblíková ◽  
J. Čanderle ◽  
Z. Zralý ◽  
Z. Věžník ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
The Impact

The testosterone production by Leydig cells of mice adversely affected with nutritional or social factors and exposed to chronic stress was studied in vitro. Both basal and gonadotrophin stimulated testosterone production were highly significantly decreased (P < 0.01) as in groups given the hypothyreotics or potassium nitrate alone as in combination with stress. Stimulated in vitro testosterone production was not significantly changed in groups fed with synthetic diets, however, in mice given modified diets and exposed to stress decreased responsivity of Leydig cells stimulated by gonadotrophin was found. Basal and stimulated testosterone production in vitro in most of gonadotrophin concentrations was non-significantly lower in mice affected only by stress when compared with undisturbed controls. In isolated male mice the basal testosterone production was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased and gonadotrophin stimulated production highly significantly (P < 0.01) decreased when compared with group caged males. The testosterone production was most severely suppressed in aggressive individuals. Serum testosterone levels were detected in all animals, corticosterone, T3and T4 in selected groups of mice. We can conclude that the testosterone production was adversely affected by nutritional factors, and the impact was more profound when exerted together with chronic stress. The adverse effect of individual caging of male mice was also proved.

Immunization of male rabbits with sheep luteal receptor to LH results in production of antibodies exhibiting hormone-agonistic and -antagonistic activities

1996 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jeyakumar ◽  
N R Moudgal
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Receptor Antibodies

Abstract Antibodies to LH/chorionic gonadotrophin receptor (LH/CG-R; molecular weight 67 000), isolated in a homogenous state (established by SDS-PAGE and ligand blotting) from sheep luteal membrane using human CG (hCG)–Sepharose affinity chromatography, were raised in three adult male rabbits (R-I, R-II and R-III). Each of the rabbits received 20–30 μg of the purified receptor in Freund's complete adjuvant at a time. Primary immunization was followed by booster injection at intervals. Production of receptor antibodies was monitored by (1) determining the dilution of the serum (IgG fraction) that could specifically bind 50% of 125I-LH/CG-R added and (2) analysing sera for any change in testosterone levels. Following primary immunization and the first booster, all three rabbits exhibited a 2·5- to 6·0-fold increase in serum testosterone over basal levels and this effect was spread over a period of time (∼40 days) coinciding with the rise and fall of receptor antibodies. The maximal antibody titre (ED50) produced at this time ranged from 1:350 to 1:100 to below detectable limits for R-I, R-II and R-III respectively. Subsequent immunizations followed by the second booster resulted in a substantial increase in anti-body titre (ED50 of 1:5000) in R-I, but this was not accompanied by any change in serum testosterone over preimmune levels, suggesting that with the progress of immunization the character of the antibody produced had also changed. Two pools of antisera from R-I collected 10 days following the booster (at day 70 (bleed I) and day 290 (bleed II)) were used in further experiments. IgG isolated from bleed I but not from bleed II antiserum showed a dose-dependent stimulation of testosterone production by mouse Leydig cells in vitro, thus confirming the in vivo hormone-mimicking activity of antibodies generated during the early immunization phase. The IgG fractions from both bleeds were, however, capable of inhibiting (1) 125I-hCG binding to crude sheep luteal membrane (EC50 of 1:70 and 1:350 for bleed I and II antisera respectively) and (2) ovine LH-stimulated testosterone production by mouse Leydig cells in vitro, indicating the presence of antagonistic antibodies irrespective of the period of time during which the rabbits were immunized. The fact that bleed I-stimulated testosterone production could be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of IgG from bleed II to the mouse Leydig cell in vitro assay system showed that the agonistic activity is intrinsic to the bleed I antibody. The receptor antibody (bleed II) was also capable of blocking LH action in vivo, as rabbits passively (for 24 h with LH/CG-R antiserum) as well as actively (for 430 days) immunized against LH/CG-R failed to respond to a bolus injection of LH (50 μg). At no time, however, was the serum testosterone reduced below the basal level. This study clearly shows that, unlike with LH antibody, attempts to achieve an LH deficiency effect in vivo by resorting to immunization with holo LH receptor is difficult, as receptor antibodies exhibit both hormone-mimicking (agonistic) as well as hormone-blocking (antagonistic) activities. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 150, 431–443

scholarly journals Mumps Virus Decreases Testosterone Production and Gamma Interferon-Induced Protein 10 Secretion by Human Leydig Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 3297-3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Le Goffic ◽  
Thomas Mouchel ◽  
Annick Ruffault ◽  
Jean-Jacques Patard ◽  
Bernard Jégou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Testosterone Production

ABSTRACT Mumps virus is responsible for sterility. Here, we show that the mumps virus infects Leydig cells in vitro and totally inhibits testosterone secretion and that ribavirin in mumps virus-infected Leydig cell cultures completely restores testosterone production. Moreover, we show that gamma interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10) is highly expressed by mumps virus-infected Leydig cells and that ribavirin does not block IP-10 production.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A alters differentiation of Leydig cells in the rabbit fetal testis

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Paulina Ortega-García ◽  
Verónica Díaz-Hernández ◽  
Pedro Collazo-Saldaña ◽  
Horacio Merchant-Larios
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Compartments ◽  
Fetal Organs ◽  
The Impact

The endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) crosses the placental barrier and reaches the fetal organs, including the gonads. In the testis, fetal Leydig cells (FLC) produce testosterone required for the male phenotype and homeostatic cell-cell signaling in the developing testis. Although it is known that BPA affects cell proliferation and differentiation in FLC, results concerning the mechanism involved are contradictory, mainly due to differences among species. Fast developing fetal gonads of rodents lack cortex and medulla, whereas species with more extended gestation periods form these two tissue compartments. The rabbit provides a good subject for studying the disruptive effect of BPA in fetal Leydig and possible postnatal endocrine consequences in adult Leydig cells. Here, we investigated the impact of BPA administered to pregnant rabbits does, on the FLC population of the developing testes. Using qRT-PCR, we assessed the levels of SF1, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD, and androgen receptor (AR) genes, and levels of fetal serum testosterone were measured by ELISA. These levels correlated with both the mitotic activity and the ultrastructural differentiation of the FLC by confocal and electron microscopy, respectively. Results indicate that BPA alters the expression levels of essential genes involved in androgen paracrine signaling, modifies the proliferation and differentiation of the FLCs, and alters the levels of serum testosterone after birth. Thus, BPA may change the postnatal levels of serum testosterone due to the impaired FLC population formed by the proliferating stem and non-proliferating cytodifferentiated FLC.

Effect of glucocorticoids on testosterone production by porcine Leydig cells in primary culture

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bernier ◽  
W. Gibb ◽  
R. Collu ◽  
J. R. Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Primary Culture ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Media ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoids

For this study, purified immature porcine Leydig cells in primary culture were used. After 2 days of culture, the cells were incubated with dexamethasone (5 × 10−9, 1 × 10−7 M) for various periods of time (3–45 h). The media were discarded and treatment was repeated with or without the addition of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, 10 mIU/mL) for 3 h. Dexamethasone (10−7 M) decreased testosterone production of HCG-treated cells (up to 40%) in a time-dependent fashion while the lower dose was ineffective. The effect of varying doses (10−8 and 10−6 M) of natural glucocorticoids (corticosterone, cortisol) or synthetic glucocorticoids (triamcinolone, triamcinolone acetonide, betamethasone, dexamethasone) and that of a synthetic progestin (R-5020) on cultured Leydig cells was also studied. After 18 h of preincubation, the various synthetic but not the natural steroids nor R-5020, were able to decrease testosterone production of control and HCG-treated cells by 20–40%. Of a number of other hormonal and nonhormonal substances studied at concentrations of 10−9 – 10−5 M, only lysine8-vasopressin at a concentration of 10−6 M was able to inhibit testosterone production by these cells. These results indicate that dexamethasone and other synthetic glucocorticoids, and to a lesser degree lysine8-vasopressin, may exert a direct inhibitory effect on testosterone production by purified porcine immature Leydig cells in vitro.

Effect of extracellular matrix proteins on in vitro testosterone production by rat Leydig cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilce S. Diaz ◽  
Eliana Pellizzari ◽  
Silvina Meroni ◽  
Selva Cigorraga ◽  
Livia Lustig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Proteins ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Testosterone Production

Increase in Leydig cell responsiveness in the unilaterally cryptorchid rat testis and its relationship to the intratesticular levels of testosterone

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sharpe ◽  
I. Cooper ◽  
D. G. Doogan
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism

ABSTRACT Adult rats were made unilaterally cryptorchid (UCD) and 6–7 weeks later Leydig cells were isolated from the scrotal and abdominal testes and their capacity to secrete testosterone in vitro was compared. Basal testosterone production by Leydig cells from the abdominal testes of UCD rats was lowered, compared with cells from the contralateral scrotal testes, whilst their responsiveness to both human chorionic gonadotrophin and an LH releasing hormone agonist was enhanced two- to threefold (P< 0·001) compared both with cells from the contralateral scrotal testes and with cells isolated from untreated rats of the same age. In the UCD rats, concentrations of testosterone in testicular interstitial fluid (IF) were reduced (P< 0·001) by 70–90% in abdominal, compared with scrotal, testes. A similar reduction was evident in the levels of testosterone in spermatic venous blood, and both this decrease and that in IF levels of testosterone varied according to the degree of testicular involution. The ontogeny of the above changes was investigated. After induction of unilateral cryptorchidism, the weight of the abdominal compared with the scrotal testis declined slowly, such that by day 5 there was only a 25% reduction in weight compared with a 70% reduction by day 40. In contrast, the levels of testosterone in IF from abdominal testes declined rapidly, such that by day 5 an 80% reduction was attained, compared with scrotal testes, with little further change by day 40. Hormone-stimulated testosterone production by Leydig cells isolated from the abdominal testes was unchanged or marginally reduced over the first 3 days compared with cells from the scrotal testes, but by day 5 there was a significant increase in responsiveness; this increase was of smaller magnitude than that evident at day 40. These results suggest a possible association between the fall in intratesticular levels of testosterone induced by unilateral cryptorchidism and the Leydig cell hypertrophy and hyper-responsiveness that occurs in the same testes. The implications with respect to altered Sertoli–Leydig cell interaction are discussed. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 319–327

scholarly journals Evaluation of relative roles of LH and FSH in regulation of differentiation of Leydig cells using an ethane 1,2-dimethylsulfonate-treated adult rat model

2003 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Sriraman ◽  
MR Sairam ◽  
AJ Rao
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lh Receptor ◽  
Side Chain Cleavage ◽  
Chain Cleavage ◽  
Cleavage Enzyme

The relative role of LH and FSH in regulation of differentiation of Leydig cells was assessed using an ethane 1,2-dimethylsulfonate (EDS)-treated rat model in which endogenous LH or FSH was neutralized from day 3 to day 22 following EDS treatment. Serum testosterone and the in vitro response of the purified Leydig cells to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was monitored. In addition RNA was isolated from the Leydig cells to monitor the steady-state mRNA levels by RT-PCR for 17alpha-hydroxylase, side chain cleavage enzyme, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), LH receptor, estrogen receptor (ER-alpha) and cyclophilin (internal control). Serum testosterone was undetected and the isolated Leydig cells secreted negligible amount of testosterone on stimulation with hCG in the group of rats that were treated with LH antiserum following EDS treatment. RT-PCR analysis revealed the absence of message for cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme and 17alpha-hydroxylase although ER-alpha and LH receptor mRNA could be detected, indicating the presence of undifferentiated precursor Leydig cells. In contrast, the effects following deprival of endogenous FSH were not as drastic as seen following LH neutralization. Deprival of endogenous FSH in EDS-treated rats led to a significant decrease in serum testosterone and in vitro response to hCG by the Leydig cells. Also, there was a significant decrease in the steady-state mRNA levels of 17alpha-hydroxylase, cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, LH receptor and StAR as assessed by a semiquantitative RT-PCR. These results establish that while LH is obligatory for the functional differentiation of Leydig cells, repopulation of precursor Leydig cells is independent of LH, and also unequivocally establish an important role for FSH in regulation of Leydig cell function.

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