Features of expression of modal meanings in 16th-century biblical translations created on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Rigid Set ◽

The paper deals with the features of expression of some modal meanings in the Masoretic text of the book of Genesis by means of particles and the special construction of infinitivus absolutus, which serves to express modality in Hebrew. The ways of translating into Slavic languages in 16th-century bibles created on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania are considered as well. The data from classical translations – LXX, the Vulgate, and the Czech Venetian Bible – are also used for analysis. The particles were chosen because they are desemantized and do not make considerable changes in the semantics of sentences, but merely specify them. The infinitivus absolutus constructions are a means of expressing modal semantics. They are absent in Slavic languages and require understanding and special translation efforts from the translator. It is concluded that even the translator dealing with sacred texts corrects modal semantics and changes the formal means of its expression, indicating that the modality is understood as a category of a special kind, with unclearly defined borders and a diverse and non-rigid set of means of expression. The analysis of translated texts made using various original texts shows that translators while trying to preserve the spirit and letter of the original or authoritative translation (the Masoretic text, Church Slavonic translation, the Venetian Bible, the Vulgate), nevertheless, consider modality to be a category that can be easily sacrificed in translation, by changing or even eliminating the modal meaning.

Kitabistyka: źródła, metodologia i perspektywy badawcze

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne Seria Językoznawcza ◽

10.14746/pspsj.2017.24.2.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 111-124

Author(s):

Czesław Łapicz

Keyword(s):

Research Methodology ◽

16Th Century ◽

Major Research ◽

Historical Texts ◽

Slavic Languages ◽

History Of ◽

Vilnius University ◽

Grand Duchy ◽

Oriental Language

The paper contains a synthetic discussion of original and little known philological manuscripts which had been created since the 16th century by Tatars – Muslims of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – as characteristic Slavic aljamiado. The preserved manuscripts in which Slavic languages – Polish and Belarusian – were recorded in the Arabic alphabet are enormously important for the history of both languages and the Slavic-Oriental language relations. Various types of these historical texts (kitabs, chamails, tajweeds, etc.) contain the first, that is the oldest (16th century), translation of the Quran into a Slavic language (Polish) recorded in the Arabic alphabet (so-called tafsir). These sources are studied within the framework of an original philological sub-discipline of Kitab Studies whose origin and development should be credited to Professor Anton Antonovich from Vilnius University. The author of the paper discusses the research methodology pertaining to these sources, particularly the transliteration of Slavic texts recorded in the Arabic alphabet into the Latin alphabet, and introduces prospective major research tasks for Kitab Studies.

Leksyka tatarskich tekstów przekładowych

Białostockie Archiwum Językowe ◽

10.15290/baj.2020.20.09 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 97-118

Author(s):

Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska ◽

Keyword(s):

16Th Century ◽

Slavic Languages ◽

North Eastern ◽

Text Types ◽

Polish Language ◽

The Subject ◽

Grand Duchy ◽

Hybrid Forms

This article presents various layers of vocabulary constituting lexis of the Tatar tefsir, i.e. the translation of the Quran to the Polish language of the northern borderland, performed in the 16th century by Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Most emphasis was put on the northern borderland, separated on the basis of criteria adopted in the literature of the subject. Selected vocabulary was arranged alphabetically. A context was given in which it occurs and a semantic characteristic was provided on the basis of lexicographic sources – Polish and the East Slavic Languages. It was found that Tatar tefsir contains words previously not described or present in other historic assets of north-eastern borderland. This is particularly true with respect to forms borrowed from the East Slavic Languages, including hybrid forms. What is more, it is characterised by the existence of Old Polish lexis, including names of people performing activities which were not recorded in dictionaries, and other, words used infrequently and in specific text types. Tatar tefsir is also a perfect source for historical studies of Slavic-Oriental relations.

The role of knyaz Kostyantyn Ostrogsky in organizing the defense of the southern borders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the first half of the 16th century

Ukraina Lithuanica. Studìï z ìstorìï Velikogo knâzìvstva Litovsʹkogo ◽

10.15407/ul2013.02.082 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (2) ◽

pp. 82-95

Author(s):

Petro Kulakovskyi ◽

Keyword(s):

16Th Century ◽

Loanwords in the catechism of M. Petkevičius (1598): slavisms of unknown origin

Lietuvių kalba ◽

10.15388/lk.2017.22545 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-34

Author(s):

Anželika Smetonienė

Keyword(s):

Unknown Origin ◽

Old Russian ◽

Slavic Languages ◽

There are only few studies on lexis of catechism of M. Petkevičius (PK) (1598), even if this is the second book in Lithuanian language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the first hymnal in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. J. Kruopas concluded vocabulary of this catechism and noted it's loanwords, however, an origin of these words has not been explained. Also, there is no list of equivalents of these borrowed words in Slavic languages, because aim of J. Kruopa's work wasn't to determinate origin of loanwords. The object of this article is Slavic loanwords in the PK, the aim – to specify and to list Slavisms of unknown origin and their equivalents in the Slavic languages. To achieve the aim the following objectives were set: to collect all borrowed words and Slavic stem words from the selected text; to determinate criteria, that can indicate origin of Slavisms, and to classify Slavisms depending on their origin. In total separate 410 Slavic stem lexemes were found in the catechism of M. Petkevičius. After all these lexemes were generalized (e. g. only forms without prefixes are presented), 344 words left: 30 revealed itself to be hybrids, 149 – Slavisms of unknown origin. It only confirms once again that sometimes it is not possible to determine the path of Slavisms into Lithuanian language due to the similarity of the Slavic languages, and therefore it is possible only to give chronologically accurate equivalents of the loanwords of the PK in the Old Russian, Ruthenian and Polish languages.

Aspects of the Epigraphic Culture of Cannon Inscriptions during the Reign of Sigismund Augustus

Knygotyra ◽

10.15388/knygotyra.2021.77.89 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 20-71

Author(s):

Kšištof Tolkačevski

Keyword(s):

16Th Century ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

The Status ◽

Any object marked with epigraphic writing becomes unique in the totality of the same objects and acquires the status of a monument. In the 16th century, cannons were also marked with inscriptions (texts and images): some were created for warfare, others – to commemorate a certain event. During the reign of Sigismund Augustus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania created the necessary infrastructure for cannon casting, which allowed it to produce large numbers of cannons to prepare for its war with the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The article attempts to reconstruct inscriptions on cannons using original and published archival sources stored in memory institutions in foreign countries (Poland, Sweden). An appendix covering 67 cannon records made it possible to perceive the structure of such inscriptions. Meanwhile, with the help of the ego-documentary legacy of the last Jagiellonian ruler, it was possible to study the functionality of cannon recordings in the context of epigraphic culture, paying special attention to the stages of the record’s emergence. This has so far been little studied at all. The collected data allowed to reach the conclusion that it was the ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who directly influenced the form, names, and content of the inscriptions on cannons.

Przekształcenia w obrębie systemu imiesłowów czynnych w języku starobiałoruskim na przykładzie wybranych latopisów białorusko-litewskich

Studia Wschodniosłowiańskie ◽

10.15290/sw.2020.20.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 207-220

Author(s):

Katarzyna Grabowska ◽

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

16Th Century ◽

Past Participle ◽

Common Part ◽

Other Hand ◽

The One ◽

This article focuses on 16th-century written monuments of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, representing the first and second Belarusian-Lithuanian redactions. Their common part – the Chronicle of Grand Dukes of Lithuania – was created in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The article analyses the changes occurring in the system of Old Belarusian active participles and compares them with all-Ruthenian state. The analysis has shown that in the participle system, on the one hand, some forms, such as inflectional forms of complex declension of active participles, tended to decline. On the other hand, a new morphological category was emerging, namely, undeclinable adverbial present and past participle.

Volhynians in the structure of the uniate church on the land of the Grand duchy of Lithuania (end of the 16th century – first half of 17th century)

Ukraina Lithuanica. Studìï z ìstorìï Velikogo knâzìvstva Litovsʹkogo ◽

10.15407/ul2017.04.171 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (4) ◽

pp. 171-188

Author(s):

Petro Kulakovskyi ◽

Keyword(s):

17Th Century ◽

16Th Century ◽

The Earliest Registers of the Private Archives of the Nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th Century (English language)

Zapiski Historyczne ◽

10.15762/zh.2016.62 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol lxxxi (1) ◽

pp. 131-148

Author(s):

Raimonda Ragauskienė

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

16Th Century ◽

Słowniki w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim – przyczynek do historii (zachodnio)ruskiej leksykografii i leksyki

Acta Baltico-Slavica ◽

10.11649/abs.2016.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 109-125

Author(s):

Lilia Citko

Keyword(s):

17Th Century ◽

Focus Of Attention ◽

16Th Century ◽

Loan Words ◽

History Of ◽

Dictionaries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – a Contribution to the History of (Western)Ruthenian Lexicography and Word-Inventory In the article an attempt to describe the oldest Western Ruthenian dictionary has been made. The analysis is based on the following texts: 1) Leksis s tolkovanīem slovenskikh mov prosto of the first part of the 16th century, 2) Leksis siriech rechenïia v"krat"tsie s"bran(")ny. I īz slove(n)skago iazyka naprosty(ĭ) ruskīĭ diale(k)t istol(")kovany L,Z by L. Zizaniy (Vilno 1596), 3) Leksīkon slavenorosskīĭ ī imen tl"kovanīe by P. Berynda (Kiev 1627), 4) Sinonima slavenorosskaia (the end of the 17th century). The focus of attention is directed to lexicographic specificity of the antique texts, the elements of their macro- and microstructures, sources and techniques of material documentation, which made it possible to observe the evolution of lexicographers` methodological procedure in the range of the structure of an entry, e.g.: efforts to introduce grammatical information, qualifiers (mostly etymological and stylistic), and material exemplification.Dictionaries, which were essentially used to learn the language of liturgical celebration, contained religious vocabulary. It should be noted, however, that their authors introduced Ruthenian words of various thematic groups and stylistic registers to the translated parts of lexicons. In Berynda`s dictionary Polish loan words appeared as entries. Słowniki w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim – przyczynek do historii (zachodnio)ruskiej leksykografii i leksykiW artykule podjęto próbę charakterystyki najstarszych słowników zachodnioruskich na podstawie kilku źródeł: 1) Leksis s tolkovanīem slovenskikh mov prosto z pierwszej połowy XVI w.; 2) Leksis siriech rechenïia v"krat"tsie s"bran(")ny. I īz slove(n)skago iazyka naprosty(ĭ) ruskīĭ diale(k)t istol(")kovany L,Z W. Zizaniego (Wilno 1596); 3) Leksīkon slavenorosskīĭ ī imen tl"kovanīe P. Beryndy (Kijów 1627); 4) Sinonima slavenorosskaia (koniec XVII w.). Głównie uwagę skupiono na specyfice leksykograficznej zabytków, elementach ich makro-i mikrostruktury, źródłach oraz sposobach dokumentacji materiału. Pozwoliło to zaobserwować pewną ewolucję warsztatu metodologicznego leksykografów w zakresie budowy artykułu hasłowego, jak np. próby wprowadzania informacji gramatycznej, kwalifikatorów (głównie etymologicznych, stylistycznych) oraz egzemplifikacji materiałowej.Słowniki, przeznaczone zasadniczo do nauki języka liturgicznego i lektury ksiąg cerkiewnych, gromadziły przede wszystkim leksykę religijną. Należy jednak zauważyć, że do przekładowej części leksykonów ich autorzy wprowadzali słownictwo ruskie należące do różnych grup tematycznych i rejestrów stylistycznych. W charakterze wyrazów hasłowych słownika Beryndy mogły występować również pożyczki polskie.

The Ruthenian Version of the Early Rus᾿ Exegesis on the Easter Canon and the Functioning of Ruthenian

Slavistica Vilnensis ◽

10.15388/slavviln.2020.65(1).41 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 131-144

Author(s):

Sergei Temchin

Keyword(s):

Eastern Orthodox ◽

16Th Century ◽

Saint Petersburg ◽

Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽

Liturgical Language ◽

John Of Damascus ◽

Liturgical Singing ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

The Ruthenian version of the Early Rus᾿ Exegesis on John of Damascus᾿ Easter Canon is published here according to the sole known mid-16th century manuscript from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Saint Petersburg, The Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, P. Dobrokhotov collection (f. 37), No. 18, f. 302‒308). The text belongs to the little known in Early Slavic studies genre of exegesis (commentaries) on hymnography and is a part of a larger (and still unpublished) set of Old Church Slavonic hymnopgraphic commentaries compiled in Pre-Mongol Kievan Rus in the late 12th‒early 13th c. From the entire set, merely the exegesis on the Easter Canon is known to be translated from Old Church Slavonic into Ruthenian.The translation confirms the earlier conclusion that Ruthenian was never used in liturgical singing in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, since it was functioning as a lingua ad homines and clearly differed from Old Church Slavonic, which was used as a lingua ad Deum, e.g. the only Slavic Eastern Orthodox liturgical language directly addressed to God. The publication is accompanied by a description of themost important general characteristics of the Ruthenian version, which is a later and already corruptedcopy of the original translation.