Tezauronimiczny „skarbczyk” sztucznej biżuterii. Kilka uwag o nazwach własnych „drugorzędnych klejnotów”

Imitation jewellery, also known as “secondary gems”, has been people’s companion from antiquity. Its representative objects, however, have rarely been assigned their individualised proper names – thesauronyms. As an answer to the appeal of Polish art historians and museologists: Ewa Letkiewicz, Katarzyna Kluczwajd, Monika Paś and Dorota Zahel, this study is an attempt at a linguistic and culturological presentation of thesauronyms that signify: a pair of earrings, collar, ring, fur fastener clip, necklaces, brooches, duette brooches, jewellery series, collections, lines, sets, limited edition. The attention is also drawn to the specificity of thesauronyms distinguishing similar jewellery items and thesauronyms denoting many various and completely different referents. Moreover, motivation analysis, semantic and motivation analysis, and structural analysis of the names of imitation jewellery names has been conducted. The findings allowed for redefining, verifying, supplementing and extending the term thesauronym.

Językowe zabawy w wierszach Małgorzaty Strzałkowskiej

The article presents the linguistic games in selected poems by Małgorzata Strzałkowska. The subject of the research were 300 works from ten volumes that have been published over the last twenty-five years. The text examines these verbal games, which are mainly based on the sound layer of the utterance, i.e. sounds / sounds, onomatopoeia, rhymes, and rhythm. It was found that Strzałkowska’s poems can be ready-made lesson plans that can be used in Polish lessons, in phonetics, in voice emission as well as during speech diagnosis or therapy.

Leksyka z zakresu wróżbiarstwa i czarów w Nowym wielkim dykcjonarzu Pierre’a Daneta i Dymitra Franciszka Koli

The paper aims to investigate Polish lexis belonging to the semantic fields of DIVINATION and WITCHCRAFT. The material was excerpted from the 18th-century trilingual Nowy wielki dykcjonarz (New grand dictionary). The semantic fields under analysis were divided into subfields. In the case of DIVINATION, the subfields of DIVINATION PRACTISES and PEOPLE FORETELLING THE FUTURE were identified. In turn, WITCHCRAFT was subdivided into MAGICAL PRACTICES, PEOPLE PRACTISING MAGIC and EFFECTS OF MAGIC. The analysis of the retrieved material suggests that the number of individual lexemes is relatively small and usually polysemic, which appears to contradict the popularity and prevalence of divination and witchcraft in the 18th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as established by cultural historians. The supposed misrepresentation of the semantic fields under scrutiny may reflect the didactic nature of the Polish part of the dictionary.

Z badań nad Biłgorajem. Weryfikacja i dopełnienie

The article presents the state of research into the toponym Biłgoraj: initially incorrectly interpreted as a topographic name consisting of the segment Biel- “swamp” (>Ukrainian Bił-) and the morpheme -goraj “mountainous terrain”. Another interpretation of this toponym says that this name is memorial and physiographic in nature, with its first physiographic part coming from the local adjective *bieły (in general Polish biały “white”), shortened to Bieł- (>Ukrainian Bił-), referring to the first part of the name of the river *Bieła Łada < Biała Łada, which Biłgoraj is located on, and the second morpheme – the memorial one taken from the name of a nearby settlement Goraj, which was the seat of the ancestors of Adam Gorajski, the founder of Biłgoraj, a settlement also located on the river Biała Łada.

Kajetan Kraszewski a kwestia unicka na Podlasiu w świetle Silva rerum. Wybrane problemy

The article presents Kajetan Kraszewski’s opinions on the Uniate Church in Podlasie, included in his Silva rerum. The views of the author of Kronika rodzinna (Family chronicle) are confronted with the statements of the researchers (mostly historians, literary scholars and linguists) within the broad context of the political, social and cultural life of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partition periods. By comparing research literature and excerpts from Silva rerum, the article analyses the effects of the Union of Lublin and the Union of Brest for the peasant community of Podlasie in the 1860s and 1870s. As presented in Kajetan Kraszewski’s Kronika, the tragedy of the followers of the Uniate Church in Podlasie resulted from the social and religious conditions that fuelled the divides during the time of the Russian partition (divide et impera). Kraszewski’s Silva rerum constitutes an image of the distance with which peasants treated Podlasie’s Uniate Church members, similar to the latter’s during the “masters’” uprising of 1863 (“in the masters’ uprising – we stayed aside watching”).

„Społeczeństwo jako ciało jest pęknięte”. Zabiegi stylizacyjne w dialogach Małgorzaty Szumowskiej i Michała Englerta na przykładzie filmów Body/Ciało i Twarz

The aim of this article is to present an overview of the stylistic measures identifiable in the dialogues of two films whose screenplays were written by Małgorzata Szumowska and Michał Englert – Body (2015) and Mug (2017). The analysis of linguistic and stylistic means has been organised into three categories that can be used to describe the work of this script-writing duo (in line with Adam Kruk’s critical proposition): deliberate schematicity, social hearing (as a metaphor for social sensitivity) and mockery. In the linguistic layer of these films, schematicity comes to the fore through the accumulation of homogeneous linguistic means (especially from the emotional register of colloquial Polish) and contrasting juxtapositions of various social variants of the language. The social hearing of Szumowska and Englert is revealed especially through the presence of linguistic templates, and mockery – in the linguistic joke and in the openly mocking statements of some of the characters. The analysis shows that the dialogues are another testimony to the stylish separateness of Szumowska and Englert and one of the ways to portray Poland as full of internal divisions.

Funkcjonowanie zwrotów leżeć bykiem i leżeć martwym bykiem w polszczyźnie

The article discusses the motivation and the functioning of two phraseological units in the Polish language, namely leżeć bykiem (to idle lazily) and leżeć martwym bykiem (to be resting idly). Resulting from independent derivations, they appeared in the Polish language in the second half of the twentieth century. Due to formal similarity, though, they quickly developed relations which led to the transformations of their meaning and form.

Arka Przymierza w Kronice, to jest historyi świata Marcina Bielskiego

This article discusses the ways in which the biblical Ark of the Covenant is presented in Marcin Bielski’s Kronika, to jest historyja świata (Chronicle, that is the history of the world). The analyses point to Bielski’s use of a loanword in the form of arka or archa, the word’s translations into skrzynia (chest), and a sequence of both these terms. Bielski’s ignoring of the biblical translations of this term is also emphasised by his choice of determiners for the Ark. A search for the sources that Bielski drew from for the names he used for the Ark of the Covenant in the Vulgate, P. Comestor’s Historia scholastica, the Hebrew Bible, and the known medieval and 16th-century translations of the Bible, allows for concluding that the author felt free and unrestricted in his choices and followed guidelines known to him alone.

O świadomości genologicznej Józefa Piłsudskiego (rekonesans)

The article describes Józef Piłsudski’s texts on various types of speech. The bibliography of Piłudski’s works includes over thirty types of speech, which speaks to his linguistic agility. Our outline includes the analysis of four selected types of texts: aphorism, diatribe, denunciation and feuilleton written in various times in the course of his life. All of them were persuasive in nature and were written using a highly emotional language.

Metafora w służbie polityki. Aleksander Kwaśniewski o wstąpieniu Polski do NATO i akcesji do Unii Europejskiej

The aim of the article is to analyse selected metaphors used by the President of the Republic of Poland, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, in public appearances during his presidency in from 1995 to 2005. The subject of interest are public appearances in which A. Kwaśniewski talked about the preparation and accession of Poland to one of the most prestigious organisations in the world – the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO) in 1999 and the European Union (EU) in 2004. The author analyses selected metaphors (including: HOME, ROAD, FAMILY), regarding Poland’s accession to these structures, which were used by the president in his speeches. The author discusses how A. Kwaśniewski, who was then the head of state, used metaphors to present his attitude towards the issue of Poland’s integration with North Atlantic Alliance and accession to the European Union and what vision of Poland’s presence in these structures he had.