DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity of the oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say) population in Krasnodar Krai

Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Besedina ◽  
◽  
Vladimir I. Kil ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329
Author(s):  
Yuli Dai ◽  
Lin Gan ◽  
Hongchun Ruan ◽  
Niuniu Shi ◽  
Yixin Du ◽  
...  

Due to the natural destructiveness and persistence of the southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) fungus Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado et Miyake) Shoem, the characterization of B. maydis field isolates is essential to guide the rational distribution of resistant materials in corn-growing regions. In the present study, 102 field isolates collected from seven locations covering the entire region of Fujian Province, China, were assessed for mating type distribution, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity toward local sweet corn cultivars. Mating type detection via polymerase chain reaction indicated that 36.3 and 63.7% of isolates were MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, respectively; more than 80% of these isolates were confirmed using cross assays with known mating type isolates. Thirteen intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers within and among two mating type populations revealed a high level of DNA polymorphism for all combined isolates and between MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 populations. The MAT1-2 population was more diverse based on DNA polymorphism than the MAT1-1 population. The value of GST was 0.0070, ranging from 0.0399 to 0.3044 based on analysis of combined isolates and individual regional populations, respectively, suggesting the presence of genetic differentiation in the two mating type populations from different locations. Pathogenicity assays revealed that both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 populations were pathogenic to all 11 local sweet corn cultivars tested in this study. The potential of sexual reproduction, existence of genetic diversity in the two mating type populations, and pathogenicity suggest that B. maydis populations have independently clonally adapted under natural field conditions during corn cultivation.


Author(s):  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Rajvinder Kaur ◽  
Mark Lefsrud ◽  
Jaswinder Singh

Retrotransposons diversity has been extensively studied in monocots, but it is not well documented in dicot species. Transposition activity of transposons creates DNA polymorphism and their abundant presence in genomes is making transposons a promising marker system for varietal identification and fingerprinting. In this study, four transposon-based markers (two DNA- and two RNA-transposons) were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) transposon system in assessing genetic diversity in pea germplasm accessions. A total of 28 alleles were detected across the 35 pea accessions with number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 (Mutator) to 9 (Cyclops). RNA transposons produced a higher number of polymorphic alleles (Ogre: 8, Cyclops: 9) than DNA transposon markers (Mutator: 5, MITE: 6). Overall mean PIC value and D values for these transposon markers were 0.810 and 0.817 respectively. Genetic similarity values ranged from 0.143 to 0.823 with a mean similarity value of 0.403. Cluster analysis classified pea genotypes into six major groups that were somewhat consistent with their geographical origins. The molecular analyses differentiated all the 35 accessions and generated higher PIC and D values that can be useful for MAS-based breeding programs in pea.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Shouguo Tang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Zhikun Zhang

Abstract Based on Genetic Algorithm, a pattern recognition approach using fitness to dynamically monitor the sub cultured seeding of kiwifruit is proposed in order to decrease the loss of variant seedlings in tissue culture. By coding, selection, mutation and cross-overing the selected primer pairs of the sub cultured seeding, we simulate the process of optimizing the kiwifruit’s genomic DNA polymorphism. The corresponding fitness values of the primer pairs are evaluated with fitness function for monitor the variation of kiwi’s DNA. The result shows that kiwi’s plantlets can better maintain their genes’ genetic stability for the first to the ninth generation. But from the tenth generation, the fitness values become variation. The results are based on experimentation, which uses optimized AFLP system for analyzing genetic diversity of 75 samples of seventh to eleventh 5 generations of kiwi.


2000 ◽  
Vol 100 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Prasad ◽  
R. K. Varshney ◽  
H. S. Balyan ◽  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
J. K. Roy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Lakatos ◽  
Katalin Tuba ◽  
Jenő Jakab ◽  
Boglárka Bender ◽  
Angéla Kalocsai ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
В.И. Щуров ◽  
А.С. Замотайлов ◽  
А.С. Бондаренко ◽  
А.В. Щурова ◽  
М.М. Скворцов ◽  
...  

Кружевница дубовая Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) проникла в Краснодарский край в 2015 г. через города Крымск и Краснодар. К осени 2017 г. вид достиг дубрав в центре степной зоны Краснодарского края, лесов Адыгеи до долины реки Белая на востоке, проникнув до высоты 1300 м н.у.м. В мае 2018 г. наблюдалась первая воздушная миграция клопов в истоках рек Пшиш и Пшеха на юговосток через Главный Кавказский хребет в диапазоне 1600 1900 м н.у.м. После этого найдены первые имаго и яйцекладки в западных районах Сочи. К июлю 2018 г. вид проник в долину реки Мзымта, а в нижнем течении реки Дагомыс сформировал две генерации. В тот же период первые кладки C. arcuata найдены на границе Ставропольского края. В сентябре вид достиг Республики КарачаевоЧеркесия восточнее реки Уруп, а также среднего течения реки Малая Лаба в урочище Умпырь. Наблюдения в 2016 2019 гг. позволили описать сезонный цикл и определить динамику плотности C. arcuata в разные фенологические периоды. Сумма эффективных температур (СЭТ) для развития полной генерации вида составляет 394 гр.дн. при пороге развития имаго 12,2 С. В степной и лесостепной зонах, в горах на части грабоводубовых лесов (до 400 700 м н.у.м) C. arcuata в норме даёт три поколения с апреля по октябрь, что согласуется с расчётной динамикой СЭТ и фактическими данными. На полуострове Абрау отмечалась и четвертая генерация. Среднее число яиц в группе достигает 42 46 экз.при максимуме более 600. Имаго зимуют под корой лиственных (Ulmus, Acer, Crataegus), иногда скоплениями до 115 экз./1 дм2. Миграции имаго наблюдаются после зимовки, завершения развития каждого поколения и перед зимовкой. В разных высотных поясах с июня по сентябрь на небольшом удалении могут синхронно развиваться потомки разных поколений. Это существенно затрудняет прогнозирование повреждения листьев дуба (площадь которого в 2018 г. превысила 800 тыс. га) без учёта розы ветров и локальной динамики СЭТ, а также реализацию любых защитных мероприятий в лесах. The oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) entered Krasnodar Krai in 2015 through Krymsk and Krasnodar. The first forest stands with pronounced chlorosis were recorded in the southwestern part of the region in July 2016. By the autumn of 2017, the pest reached oak woods in the center of the steppe zone of Krasnodar Krai and forests in the Republic of Adygeya up to the Belaya River Valley in the East, penetrating up to the altitude of 1300 m above sea level. First air migration of the bugs through the Main Caucasian Range to the southeast was observed in May 2018 near heads of Pshish and Pshekha rivers at the altitude of 1600 1900 m above sea level. Subsequently the first adults and egg masses of the pest were found in the western districts of the City of Sochi. By July 2018, the pest reached Mzymta River Valley and formed 2 generations in the lower reaches of the Dagomys River. Simultaneously, the first egg masses of C. arcuata were found at the border of Stavropol Krai. By early September the pest reached the border of the Republic of KarachaiCherkessia eastwards of the Urup River Valley, as well as the middle reaches of the Malaya Laba River (Umpyr site). Observations of 2016 2019 allowed to describe the seasonal development and determine the density dynamics of the life phases of C. arcuata in different phenological periods. Sum of the effective temperatures (SET) totals 394 degreedays with the minimum effective temperature of 11.0 12.5 С. Corythucha arcuata normally develops in 3 annual generations in the steppe and foreststeppe zones and partially in the mountains in the hornbeamoak forests (at the 10 700 m above sea level) from April to November. This corresponds to the calculated SET and the factual data obtained in the wild. The 4th generation was recorded in the Abrau Peninsula. The average number of eggs in an egg mass reaches 42 46 with the maximum number more than 600. The number of eggs in a single egg mass increases until August. Adults overwinter under the bark of deciduous trees (Ulmus, Acer, Crataegus), sometimes forming groups up to 115 specimens per square decimeter. Migrations of adults are observed after hibernation, after completion of the development of each generation, and before overwintering. Individuals of different generations can simultaneously develop at different altitudinal zones at close distance from each other from June to September. This significantly complicates prognosis of the oak leaf damage (which distribution area in the region exceeded 800 thousand hectares in 2018), without taking the wind rose into account, as well as the implementation of any protective measures in natural forests.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Văn Thọ ◽  
Lê Thị Mai Linh ◽  
Nguyễn Viễn ◽  
Phạm Quang Tiến

Castanopsis phuthoensis Luong is an endemic tree species of Phu Tho province, only distributed narrowly in forest rehabilitation in two communes belonging to Doan Hung district with density of this species is very low, only from 3.1 to 11.1 trees per hectare. Diameter distributions of the species of number of trees is characterized by curve style with a peak in 20cm or 24cm diameter classes. As it is difficult to find the seedling in the nature, research on forest structure, relations between tree species and genetic diversity is very necessary to define method of conservation for this species. In this study, we used RAPD markers to study on genetic diversity of Castanopsis phuthoensis Luong. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) based on the polymeraze chain reaction (PCR) detects nucleotide sequence polymorphism using a single 10mer of arbitrary nucleotided sequence. The RAPD technology has quickly gained widespread acceptance and application because it providesa tool for genetic analysis that have not previously benefited the use of molecular markers. In this study, ten random primers to analyse the genetic diversity of 15 Castanopsis phuthoensis Luong samples that were collected from Phu Tho province, Vietnam. 9 RAPD primers gave DNA polymorphism and 01 RAPD primer OPA20 gave not DNA polymorphism. In the analysis region 0.25-2 kb, there were 56 DNA fragments amplified and 34 DNA fragments were polymorphic. Genetic similarity coefficients of 15 Castanopsis phuthoensis Luong samples ranged from 0.55- 0.95. The phylogenetic tree of 15 samples are divided into two main groups. As results of RAPD-PCR analysis, these samples were collected from the homologous geographical locations and the genetic diversity of 15 samples is not high. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve the "Castanopsis phuthoensis Luong".


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