Multi-Objective Spatial Suitability Evaluation and Conflict Optimization Considering Productivity, Sustainability, and Livability in Southwestern Mountainous Areas of China

Space is the fundamental carrier for production, living, and ecological activities, and optimizing the spatial pattern is of vital importance to promote regional sustainable development. To achieve this goal, the core issues are to identify the risks of resource and environmental constraints of development and to realize the rational distribution of human living space. Based on the integration of multisource heterogeneous data, taking Yunnan Province, a typical mountainous area in China, as an example, this research proposes a multi-object suitability evaluation method based on 50 × 50 m grid data at the provincial scale. We build a spatial conflict analysis model to identify production–living–ecological space (PLES) and propose governance suggestions for different functional areas. The results show that (1) areas suitable for ecology make up the greatest proportion of Yunnan Province, but areas with living and ecological functions show obvious spatial complementarity; (2) areas suitable for production are restricted by steep slope, geological hazards and fragmented pattern; (3) areas suitable for living is rare, and they are mainly concentrated in the plains of central Yunnan; and (4) twenty-seven percent of area has potential spatial conflicts, among which 4.38% of the area is all suitable for production–living–ecological. The production–living advantage areas are concentrated in the central Yunnan UA (Urban agglomeration), which has a high spatial overlap. These results are expected to provide valuable insights to support comprehensive multifunctional spatial utilization and sustainable development in mountainous areas.

Research of the Modes of Starting and Braking during Work of the Systems of Group Electric Drive of Mine Electric Locomotive with the Different Types of Electric Engines

In the article the results of research of work of mine electric locomotive are driven on condition of stability of the system "A wheel is a rail" on coupling of wheels of electric locomotive with rails. It is marked that work of mine electric locomotive transport is conditioned by the row of specific terms. It is indicated that for realization of the electromechanics systems of mine electric locomotives structures are used with the hauling electric engines of direct and variable current. During working as of mine electric locomotive an important question there is coupling of wheels of electric locomotive with rails. Investigation of worsening of coupling of wheel with a rail is an origin of processes of skidding in the mode of creation of tractive or юза force in the mode braking of electric locomotive, that influence negatively for other knots of hauling electromechanic. In turn stability of the system "A wheel is a rail" depends on the type of hauling electromechanic. At consideration condition of stability of electromechanic on coupling of wheels of electric locomotive with rails important is inflexibility of descriptions of hauling electric motors. What more inflexibility, the higher stability of the system "A wheel is a rail". More hard descriptions can be got in the system of electromechanic with hauling asynchronous engines that give an opportunity to use this fact for realization of proportional distribution of efforts between the wheelpairs of electric locomotive. The systems ticker-coil on speed allow to carry out distribution of hauling and brake efforts that is attached to the wheelpairs of electric locomotive, in accordance with distribution of efforts from these wheelpairs on rails, only after the beginning of processes of skidding or skidding. For the decision of this problem a sufficient condition there is a limit of currents of hauling electric motors on the set level. In this connection possibility of distribution of hauling and brake efforts appears at any moment to time. For the decision of task of rational distribution of efforts of electric locomotive, distribution of forces was analysed between his wheelpairs in the function of total force that pulls an electric locomotive on his coupling. On the basis of analysis an idea was got about the redistribution of loading on the axes of electric locomotive. This distribution is in direct ratio to his total tractive force and coupling height, and in inverse ratio to inflexibility of corps. As a result, in order that propelling and brake forces on the axes of electric locomotive corresponded to distribution of weight on rails on wheelpairs, it is necessary to support identical correlation of weight and efforts on the axes of electric locomotive. The design of transients was conducted in the system of group electric hauling drive of mine electric locomotive in the mode of starting and braking. A design is executed for the engine of direct-current with successive connection of poles and hauling asynchronous engine. The charts of transients in the system of group electric hauling drive of mine electric locomotive in the mode of starting and braking showed absence of processes of skidding and slipping at application of the offered principle for the control system.

Organization of medical care in FMBA institutions of the siberian federal district during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): challenges and solutions

Introduction. The experience of organization of medical activity in the medical institutions subordinate to the FMBA of Russia in the Siberian Federal District during the I-III epidemic waves of COVID-19, the procedure for making and implementing organization and managerial decisions on building the health care system; the analysis of the experience gained in the formation and operation of consolidated mobile emergency response teams was made.Materials and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the statistical data, regulations on the organization of medical care for patients diagnosed with COVID-19, including medical care provision in the extreme conditions.Results and Discussion. The rational distribution of infectious diseases hospitals, human resources and equipment made it possible to create bed capacity reserve, as a result of which, even during the peak episodes of the pandemic process, the average occupancy of beds in the serviced area was no more than 92-93% and there was always the possibility to receive new patients in hospitals; the capacity of the laboratory was gradually increased 25 times: from 200 tests per day in the pre-pandemic period to 5,000 tests per day. Thanks to the introduction of the new management solutions, digitalization of medical processes has been ensured: accounting of results in the medical information system, transmission of results directly to medical institutions within 12-14 hours, which is 4 times faster than the standard time. The legal regulations of interaction with the rescue centres of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Ministry of Defense and other power structures, the improvement of the material and technical equipment of basic mobile hospitals and emergency medical teams were proposed for discussion.Conclusion. A scheme has been worked out for the involvement of the MOF of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in the timely organizational measures for mobilization of forces and means in order to ensure the re-profiling of medical activities to work on providing medical care in the COVID-19 pandemic conditions.

Residents’ Demands for Urban Retail: Heterogeneity in Housing Structure Characteristics, Price Quantile, and Space

A thorough understanding of residents’ demands plays an important role in realizing the rational distribution of urban retail (UR) and promoting the habitability of cities. Unfortunately, these demands for UR are currently under-researched. To solve this problem, this study aims to quantify the capitalization effect of UR on housing prices and explores the impact of heterogeneity in housing structure characteristics, price quantile, and space on the residents’ demands for UR according to the hedonic price model, quantile regression, and geographically weighted regression in Chengdu. The results of these models show the following: (1) good property management and building sound insulation can reduce the negative influence of UR on residents’ lives; (2) only the owners of low-price houses are willing to pay a premium for UR; and (3) residents’ demands for UR increase from the central area to the peripheral area of Chengdu, and an inverted U-shaped relationship was found between housing prices and the UR level. A comprehensive analysis of the heterogeneity of residents’ demands for UR can provide a reference for planning departments, real-estate developers, and UR owners and promote the sustainable development of UR.

Technology of strip chemical treatment in the resource-saving system of agriculture in Volgograd region

To preserve and restore disturbed lands and reduce the damaging impact on air, plants and soil, it is necessary to apply resource-saving technologies. Strip-till technology is recommended for tilled crops. The technical solution is offered to increase the efficiency of the working solution use due to the rational distribution on the objects of influence and increase of its uniformity. That is, it is possible to reduce the hectare rate of consumption of the working solution by using the method of strip chemical treatment of plants. This is achieved by the redistribution of the working solution between the row and the row with the cultivated plant. The technical solution is to equip the serial sprayer with two lines with spray nozzles and special separator bodies. After a quick changeover in the field without the use of special tools, it is possible to switch from continuous spraying to strip spraying and back. At switching over to strip spraying, the spray solution is sprayed strictly along the strips of cultivated plant growth and covers the whole surface of stem and leaves. This allows reducing the cost of liquid chemicalization agents application and accurately redistributing the working solution.

Performance Evaluation of Chinese Commercial Banks Based on the Malmquist Index

Commercial banks have the function of promoting the raising and rational distribution of funds in economic construction in China. Commercial banks are also important in promoting the smooth development of socialist economic activities and the development of national economy and other socialist productive economic activities. At present, one of the biggest difficulties faced by China's commercial banks is the improvement of their efficiency and competitiveness in the face of continuous development and change. This paper establishes the efficiency evaluation model of commercial banks using the DEA-based Malmquist index; it also uses a data envelopment analysis (DEA) to analyze the financial data of nine listed banks in China from 2011 to 2020, studies the efficiency of commercial banks in China, and finds the efficiency differences. Based on empirical research, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions. The research shows that the key to dealing with this situation depends on the banks’ effective utilization of scientific and technological innovation and technological progress. In order to achieve the goal of innovative and sustainable development of commercial banks, it is necessary to integrate the continuous developments of science and technology with finance.

China on the Way to Achieving Carbon Neutrality

Sustainable development is recognized as a concept that can interrupt a series of crises observed today and bring the world to a new effective and fair level. The mechanism for implementing the concept is an approach that integrates into the decision-making process, in addition to the already existing criterion of economic efficiency, ESG-criteria, namely: criteria of environmental friendliness, social responsibility and managerial efficiency. Countries integrate these criteria in different ways into national development strategies. This is due to the nature of the problems they face and the solution of which seems to be a priority. Of great interest in this regard is the experience of China — the largest economy in the world, which has also embarked on a phase of active integration of ESG criteria into the national strategy, with an emphasis on the E-criterion (environmental), assuming that the achievement of efficiency for the rest criteria is impossible without first-priority solution of the accumulated problems in the field of ecology. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the strategic decisions of the Chinese government under the influence of the environmental factor. The article analyzes the approaches to substantiating the ideology of environmental reforms (building an ecological civilization) and its key components, namely: the national climate program, the ecological red line, combating desertification and mitigating climate change, combating water pollution and eliminating water shortages. The following conclusion was made. China has rich and interesting experience in solving the problem of modernizing production, ensuring its rational distribution and reducing the environmental burden on the territory, primarily in the framework of combating environmental pollution and climate change. The Chinese experience may be interesting for other countries, including Russia.

Algorithm of correction of the training process of qualified oarswomen on kayaks

Athlete training is a complex complex process, the ultimate goal of which is to achieve a certain state of the athlete's body, which will allow to show high sports results. The range of problems that determine the increase in the results of rowers include all components of the training system: the volume and intensity of training loads, their combination in the direction - the predominant development of general (aerobic) or speed (anaerobic) endurance, strength, speed, endurance, and focus on physical, technical, tactical and psychological training. In this regard, the rational distribution of means and methods of training, as well as training regimes is important The goal is to improve the management of physical training of qualified rowers who specialize in the distances of 200 and 500 m. Research results. In the rowers of the experimental group, significant growth rates were observed on the following indicators of physical fitness: strength endurance (15.1 and 11.1%), maximum strength (9.3%), efficiency of starting acceleration (13.4%), speed endurance , 3%), rowing 50 m on the move (7%) and sports result in the distance of 200 m (6.9%). Other indicators had up to 6% growth rate. In the athletes of the control group, who trained according to a comprehensive program of development of physical qualities, the growth rate of general physical fitness ranged from 2.9 to 5.4%, and special - from 1.2 to 7.9%. Conclusions. The results of the pedagogical experiment show that the proposed algorithm for correcting the training process of rowers at the stage of specialized basic training allows, firstly, to choose the future specialization, and secondly, to achieve a significant (p <0.05) growth rate of physical fitness without increasing the amount of training loads and according to specialization.

Studying the distribution patterns, dynamics and influencing factors of city functional components by gradient analysis

Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of urban facilities (city functional components) constitutes the basis of urban layout optimization. Currently, research on the overall distribution of the various types of city functional components is lacking. In this study, by applying the gradient analysis method common in ecology, we considered 13 types of city functional components (80,214 individuals in total) in large, medium and small Chinese cities (9 cities in total) to carry out quantitative analysis of the distribution of components along urban–rural gradients through density distribution curves. The results indicated that: (1) a higher density of city functional components near the city centre revealed an obvious aggregated distribution; (2) the spatial distribution dynamics of city functional components were related to the city size, providing a reference for the rational distribution of components in cities of different sizes; (3) the distribution of city functional components was affected by their ecosystem services. This study offers a new perspective for the application of ecological methods in the examination of the distribution of city functional components.