scholarly journals The Puzzle of Zero Debt Capital Structure in Emerging Capital Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-27
Author(s):  
Maria Kokoreva ◽  
Maria Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Credit Rationing ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Financial Flexibility ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Debt Capital ◽  
Emerging Capital Markets ◽  
E Mail

Kokoreva Maria Sergeevna - assistant professor, lecturer, HSE Higher School of Economics, deputy head of the school of finance, researcher of the scientific and educational laboratory of corporate finance, director of the joint educational program for the preparation of bachelors in the direction of "Economics" USU and HSE. E-mail: [email protected] This study investigates the puzzle of zero-debt on in developing markets using a sample of firms from Eastern Europe during 2000-2013. The results of this paper are in line with the previous research of firms from developed markets. Firms that are financially constrained do not use debt as a result of credit rationing w. While financially unconstrained firms intentionally eschew debt to maintain financial flexibility and avoid underinvestment incentives. Furthermore, this study provides new insights on into unconstrained firms’ performance during different economic situations. Firms that strategically avoid debt show better financial results than levered firms.

scholarly journals Capital structure and corporate performance in late Imperial Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-481
Author(s):  
Amanda Gregg ◽  
Steven Nafziger
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Flexibility ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Accounts Payable

Abstract This article investigates the financing of corporations in industrialization’s early stages by examining new balance sheet data describing all Imperial Russian corporations in 1914. We emphasize differences between two Russian corporation types: share partnerships and A-corporations. Share partnerships issued greater dividends, were less likely to issue bonds, and had larger accounts payable. We find that capital structures varied with age, size, and sector according to modern corporate finance theories and that scaled profits did not demonstrate differential market power across corporation types. Thus, Russian corporations exhibited considerable financial flexibility, and reducing incorporation costs could have benefited the Imperial Russian economy.

scholarly journals Interrelation between payout and financing decisions: evidence from emerging markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Nikita Pirogov ◽  
Artem Anilov
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Payout Policy ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Financing Decisions ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Optimal Capital ◽  
E Mail

Nikita Konstantinovich Pirogov - HSE. E-mail: [email protected] Artem Eduardovich Anilov - HSE. E-mail: [email protected] Financing and payout decisions generally affect company’s economic performance: they have impact (both directly and indirectly) on the free cash flow and, thus, on company’s and shareholders’ value. Search for optimal capital structure and optimal payout policy strategy that are likely to maximize shareholders’ utility resulted in the papers, dedicated to determinants of capital structure and payout policy. In such papers, one of the policies is usually treated as a determinant for another one. This bound does not let researchers to make some conclusions about existence or absence of interrelation between payout and financing choices. To capture this interrelation, simultaneous regression analysis should be performed. Researchers, though, cannot come up with unified conclusion about the existence and direction of such interrelation.The absence of certain results as well as low level of research done on emerging markets make this topic rather relevant.The results of recent research on the interrelation between payout and financing decisions are discussed in this paper. We also develop an econometric model that allows us to check the existence of interrelation in emerging markets and to compare the results to those obtained from developed markets.The article contributes to the existed literature in the following directions: first, two debt variables are taken into account (total and long-term debt) as well as two payout policy variables (total payout and dividend payout). Second, macroeconomic variables are controlled. Third, the results obtained from the companies from emerging countries are compared to those obtained from developed markets. 

Composition and structure of corporate finance. Monograph

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kaledin
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Debt Capital ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Optimal Capital

Problems of possibility and expediency of capital structure management have always been the focus of attention of scientists and practitioners. The main question of the discussion was whether there was an optimal capital structure and how it affected the value of the firm 's capital and the value of the enterprise itself. A small increase in the share of borrowed capital in total sources does not have a significant impact on the change in the price of own sources. With the increase in the share of debt, the price of equity begins to increase at an increasing rate, the price of debt capital initially remains unchanged and then also begins to increase. Since the price of borrowed capital is on average lower than the price of equity, there is an optimal capital structure, at which the weighted average price of capital has a minimum value, and therefore the price of the enterprise will be maximum. Проблемы возможности и целесообразности управления структурой капитала всегда находились в центре внимания ученых и практиков. Основной вопрос дискуссии сводился к следующему: существует ли оптимальная структура капитала и как она влияет на стоимость капитала фирмы и стоимость самого предприятия. Небольшое увеличение доли заемного капитала в общем объеме источников не оказывает существенного влияния на изменение цены собственных источников. С ростом доли заемных средств цена собственного капитала начинает увеличиваться возрастающими темпами, цена заемного капитала сначала остается неизменной, а потом также начинает возрастать. Так как цена заемного капитала в среднем ниже цены собственного капитала, существует оптимальная структура капитала, при которой средневзвешенная цена капитала имеет минимальное значение, и значит, цена предприятия будет максимальной.

scholarly journals Funding Entrepreneurship and Innovation with Debt Capital: The Relevance of Capital Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
George Obeng
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Debt Capital ◽  
Debt Market ◽  
Entrepreneurial Innovation ◽  
The Right

Funding entrepreneurial innovation with debt capital, defiling capital structure optimality, to push an economy forward in emerging economies is the focus of this study. It is targeting potential investors through a survey to seek clarification on their understanding and knowledge on capital structure as to its threat to business and investment failure. It prevailed that, entrepreneurship is not adequately defined to identify the right funding sources. Investors understand capital structure and engage funds at proportions as dictated by necessity and their utilities as against strict adherence to theory. Entrepreneurs accept responsibility to be efficient and innovative for growth and success; failure is not assignable to any theoretical shortcoming. This is acknowledging the optionality of capital structure and the need to develop the debt market to support entrepreneurial drive to ease unemployment in society.

PANDEMI COVID-19: LEBIH BAIK MENAMBAH UTANG ATAU EKUITAS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Bayu Aprillianto ◽  
Oktaviani Ari Wardhaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Debt Capital ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACTCovid-19 Pandemic has caused massive changes. Lockdown policy set by the government to suppress the rate of transmission of the virus has had huge impact on the economy. Many companies must suffer losses, even have to declare bankruptcy. Operational activities had been limited that caused the company no longer being able to rely on internal funding to finance its business. The company is faced with a choice of external funding decisions, that is increasing debt (on liability side) or issue shares (on the equity side). This study aims to examine the effect of capital structure during the pandemic on financial performance. This research conducted on 121 companies from consumer non-cyclicals, transportation & logistic, and banking sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results show that during the pandemic companies tend to prefer to increase debt than equity. Further testing shows that the companies with dominant debt capital structure have positive effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, the companies with a dominant equity capital structure have no significant effect.Keywords: debt, equity, financial performance, pandemicABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perubahan yang sangat masif. Kebijakan lockdown yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk menekan laju penularan virus memberikan dampak yang sangat besar bagi perekonomian. Banyak perusahaan yang harus mengalami kerugian, bahkan harus mengumumkan kebangkrutan. Kegiatan operasional perusahaan yang terbatas mengakibatkan perusahaan tidak lagi dapat mengandalkan pendanaan internal untuk membiayai usahanya. Perusahaan dihadapkan pilihan keputusan pendanaan eksternal, yaitu menambah utang (di sisi liabilitas) atau menerbitkan saham (di sisi ekuitas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh struktur modal di masa pandemi terhadap kinerja keuangan. Pengujian dilakukan ke 121 perusahaan dari perusahaan sektor barang konsumen non-primer, transport dan logistik, dan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di masa pandemi, perusahaan cenderung lebih memilih menambah utang dibandingkan ekuitas. Pengujian lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa sampel perusahaan dengan struktur modal dominan utang menunjukkan hasil berpengaruh positif pada kinerja keuangan. Sedangkan pada sampel perusahaan dengan struktur modal dominan ekuitas menunjukkan hasil tidak signifikan.Kata kunci: ekuitas, kinerja keuangan, pandemi, utang

Valuing firm’s financial flexibility under default risk and bankruptcy costs: a WACC based approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-699
Author(s):  
Carlo Mari ◽  
Marcella Marra
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Debt Structure ◽  
Financial Flexibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bankruptcy Costs ◽  
Debt Capacity

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a model to value leveraged firms in the presence of default risk and bankruptcy costs under a flexible firm’s debt structure.Design/methodology/approachThe authors assume that the total debt of the firm is a combination of two debt components. The first component is an active debt component which is assumed to be proportional to the firm’s value. The second one is a passive predetermined risk-free debt component. The combination of the two debt categories makes the firm’s capital structure more realistic and allows us to include flexibility into the firm’s debt structure management. The firm’s valuation is performed using the discounted cash flow technique based on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) method.FindingsThe model can be used to define active debt management strategies that can induce the firm to deviate from its capital structure target in order to preserve debt capacity for future funding needs. The firm’s valuation is performed by using the WACC method and a closed form valuation formula is provided. Such a formula can be used to value costs and benefits of financial flexibility.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed approach provides a good compromise between mathematical complexity and model capability of interpreting the various economic and financial aspects involved in the firm’s debt structure puzzle.Practical implicationsThis model offers a realistic approach to practical applications where real financing decisions are characterized by a simultaneous use of these two debt categories. By comparing costs and benefits deriving from using unused debt capacity for future funding needs, the model provides a quantitative support to investigate if financial flexibility can add value to firms.Originality/valueTo the authors knowledge, the approach the authors propose is the first attempt to build a valuation scheme that accounts for firm’s financial flexibility under default risky debt and bankruptcy costs. Including financial flexibility, this model fills an important gap in the literature on this topic.

scholarly journals Does Capital Structure Affects Firms’ Performance in Ghana? Panel Data Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
John MacCarthy ◽  
Helena Ahulu
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Debt Capital ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Ghana Stock Exchange

This paper examines the effect of capital structure on the firms’ performance. The study collected data from seventeen firms listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2018. A quantitative research technique is used to collect data to test two hypotheses. Panel data regression is employed to determine the effect of capital structure on firms’ performance. The study revealed that short-term debt and total debt accounted for 67% and 76.3% respectively of capital used to finance the operations for the period. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is significant and negative relationship between capital structures and firms’ performance. The study concludes that firms should minimise the use of debt capital and rather concentrate on equity capital to finance their operations. The study recommends that firms should increase sales and invest in tangible assets to maximise the firms’ performance. 

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