scholarly journals Optimising Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra) and Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia) Seedling Production in State Forest Nurseries of Turkey

Author(s):  
Zafer Yücesan ◽  
Altay Uğur Gül ◽  
Ali Ömer Üçler ◽  
Cantürk Gümüş
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Ferhat ◽  
Topaçoğlu Osman

Canopy closure plays an important role in regeneration and management activities in forestry. Thus, determining the density at which canopy closure occurs is important for the success of silvicultural treatments. Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Tenore), black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) forests are usually managed at a density that is near or below the canopy closure. Residual stand density during the management of these species is commonly described by stand basal area – BA (m<sup>2</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>), however, the BA levels for the canopy closure have not been clearly indicated for these species. The minimum density for the onset of canopy closure (D<sub>OCC</sub>) was determined for Turkish red pine, black pine and Scots pine forests in this study. D<sub>OCC</sub> values were compared across the species. For the D<sub>OCC</sub>, the maximum tree area that a tree can occupy under open-grown conditions was used. The D<sub>OCC</sub> curves of black pine and Scots pine seem to be similar, but the canopy closure in Turkish red pine forests occurs with fewer trees per hectare for a given mean tree diameter. According to the D<sub>OCC</sub> curves, regeneration and tending activities will be more practical and effective in these forests.


2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih TEMEL ◽  
Süleyman GÜLCÜ ◽  
Zafer ÖLMEZ ◽  
Aşkın GÖKTÜRK

Effects of 10-year storage on germination of seeds in 191 Anatolian Black Pine trees from 23 populations in the Lakes Region of Turkey were investigated. Germination tests were conducted with both fresh (in year 1999) and stored (in year 2009) seeds and variation in germination was related to geographic features of the populations. Significant reductions in germination rate (from 79.93% to 30.68%) and germination percentage (from 95.99% to 58.41%) were observed after 10-year storage. Germination characteristics seem to be associated with humidity of population locations. Seeds from more inland (i.e., continental) populations germinated slower but attained higher germination percentage for both seed sets. Germination percentage of stored seeds is highest at elevations with high humidity. Greater attention should be given to environmental conditions of seed sources in storing Anatolian Black Pine seeds in the Lakes Region of Turkey as it is a very important tool in ensuring continuous seedling production and genetic conservation.


Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophan Chhin

European black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) and Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.) are nonnative conifers that have been introduced into the United States and have the ability to hybridize with each other and can potentially become an invasive threat. Interspecific hybridization is an important component of applied genetic tree improvement programs. This study retrospectively examined the influence of climate on interannual growth patterns of 12 full-sib families of hybrid pine that were derived from the hybridization of European black pine and Japanese red pine. The hybrids (Pinus nigra × Pinus densiflora) were initially planted in 1982 in southern mid-Michigan at Michigan State University (MSU) Sandhill Research Area. Tree-ring analysis methods (dendrochronology) were used to quantify the influence of climate (i.e., mean temperature and moisture index) on interannual basal area growth rates of the hybrid pine over an 18 year period (1991–2008). The productivity of the 12 full-sib families of hybrid pine were also projected under future climate change in the 21st century based on the IPCC A1B emission scenario. Climatic sensitivities that were identified in the hybrid pine families included high temperature stress in the summer and fall, moisture stress in the summer, winter harshness, and the timing of the start of the growing season. According to projections, by the end of the 21st century, 8 out of the 12 pine families will show significant decreases in growth outside of the historical norm under the temperature-based dendrochronology models, while 4 families will show significant declines under the moisture index models. The results indicate that the hybrid pine families appear to be generally resilient to future changes in moisture, but will likely be extremely vulnerable to future climatic warming, and thus do not appear to be a future invasive threat. This study represents the first dendrochronological examination of hybrid pine in North America.


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