scholarly journals The Role of Vegetation in Climate Adaptability: Case Studies of Lodz and Warsaw

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Hanzl ◽  
Anna Tofiluk ◽  
Kinga Zinowiec-Cieplik ◽  
Magdalena Grochulska-Salak ◽  
Anna Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Climate Adaptability

<p>The threats that arise from climate change and their associated economic, social, and environmental impacts are leading to the transformation of the spatial structures of cities. The growing demand for climate adaptability calls for the development of normative criteria for the design of forms of urban settings that integrate vegetation. Climate-responsive urban design reacts to the challenges of urban physics, which depend heavily on the forms of urban structures and the role of greenery. This method includes research on vegetation indexes and their impact on urban regulatory functions. The goal is to propose a comprehensive framework for assessing the functioning of urban public space, which considers the role and maintenance of green infrastructure. The intersection with the subject matter of analytical urban morphology is evident, in terms of the resolution of the urban fabric and its transformations over time. The framework of climate-responsive urban design also covers examining the parameters of surrounding built structures, such as the floor area ratio, the building coverage ratio, and building heights. In particular, the requirements of climate adaptation have an impact on the design of outdoor spaces in cities. In this article, we apply the selected methods that contribute to the climate-responsive urban design model to recommend the transformations of two urban nodes, in Lodz and Warsaw (Poland). Our goal is to indicate the future form of nodal public spaces with a focus on the needs of urban greenery, and to determine indicators for the local climate zone. After an initial literature review, we discuss a number of available indicators from the perspective of how they might contribute to determine the environmental conditions. We focus on urban water cycle, the requirement of trees for water, and insolation conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Climate Adaptability Construction Technology of Historic Conservation Areas: The Case Study of the Chinese–Baroque Historic Conservation Area in Harbin

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jin ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Siqi Liu ◽  
Jian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Adaptability ◽  
Historic Conservation

In recent years, the conflict between human activities and the natural environment has led to global warming and extreme weather, which has provoked people into thinking about the climate adaptability of buildings. Historical blocks are usually built and designed based on the social environment and climatic conditions at that time; therefore, they generally contain the construction techniques relevant to dealing with the local climate. The study aims to study the microclimate characteristics of a historic conservation area in a severe cold region and to explore how it attempted to achieve climate adaptation. Taking the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area in Harbin as an example, this paper analyzed and studied the climate adaptability technology and excavated the suitable technology for the block to deal with a severe cold climate through research, field measurements, and numerical simulation. The results showed that compared with a certain modern urban area in the city, the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area had better ability to resist wind and cold. The compact layout of the block could reduce heat loss and keep out the cold by effectively resisting the cold wind from permeating inside. Compared with the T-shaped and L-shaped courtyards, the rectangular courtyard occupies the largest proportion and a rectangular courtyard enclosed by buildings on all sides had better windbreak performance. Furthermore, when the courtyard space was enclosed by four sides and the courtyard width was the same, when the plane aspect ratio was smaller, the maximum wind speed of the inner courtyard was smaller. The squares in the block had a good performance in cold resistance. At the same scale, the higher the degree of enclosure of the square, the lower the internal wind speed. This study will provide a reference for urban planning and architectural design in severe cold regions.

scholarly journals Towards an Understanding of the Pre-War Landscape Transformations in the Face of Contemporary Urban Challenges on the Example of Gajowice in Wrocław

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5962
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Gierko
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Multifamily Buildings ◽  
Landscape Transformations ◽  
Green System

This paper discusses the results of desk and field studies conducted in the Gajowice estate in Wrocław. The aim of the paper is to identify the original assumptions of the development of areas around multifamily buildings and to examine the process of their transformation to the present day. The research hypothesis states that the used solutions would now be defined as green infrastructure or nature-based solutions. This was confirmed with the help of comparative cartographic studies. Research on the original land development of the interwar period allows for identifying the principles based not only on compositional aspects, but also the recognition of natural values in the variety of green forms used in a given area and the important role of trees with large target sizes, in addition to the principle of shaping the green system that permeates the urban tissue, creating ecological corridors and positively influencing the local climate. Thus, the historical development is in line with the contemporary postulates of climate resilient cities.

scholarly journals Diseño urbano y espacio público en contextos de regeneración urbana integrada: conceptos, marco institucional y experiencias recientes | Urban design and public space in integrated urban regeneration contexts: Concepts, institutional framework, and recent experiences

ZARCH ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio García-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Systemic Nature

El interés institucional por la regeneración urbana integrada y la mejora de los tejidos urbanos obsoletos ha aumentado en los últimos años, siendo uno de los procesos por los que apuesta la nueva agenda urbana. Al respecto, numerosos autores señalan el carácter sistémico de los problemas, de múltiples dimensiones y reconocen que la calidad de la forma y el diseño urbano son una condición que puede favorecer la correcta evolución de un área urbana. El objetivo de este texto es analizar en qué grado están presentes la necesidad de un buen diseño y una atención específica por las formas urbanas en los conceptos, el marco institucional y en determinadas prácticas que promueven la regeneración urbana. Para ello, el artículo comienza con una exploración evolutiva del concepto de regeneración urbana focalizada en la experiencia española. A continuación, se analiza el marco institucional que regula actualmente la regeneración urbana, así como las políticas de estímulo estatales que la promueven. Al encontrar en el escenario nacional (Plan Estatal 2013) algunas debilidades en torno al diseño urbano y espacio público, se compara con otro de reconocida influencia (Ley de Barrios 2004) con el fin de conocer el rol del diseño urbano en cada uno de ellos. Por último, el artículo analiza dos experiencias recientes realizadas en el marco de la Ley de Barrios –Santa Caterina i Sant Pere y Sant Ildefons, (en Barcelona y su área metropolitana)–, verificando la relevancia del diseño urbano en determinadas prácticas de regeneración.PALABRAS CLAVE: regeneración urbana, diseño urbano, espacio público, legislación urbanística, políticas de estímulo, BarcelonaThe institutional interest for integrated urban regeneration and the improvement of deprived urban fabric has increased in last years, being one of the main processes included in the new urban agenda. At this regard, many authors point out the systemic nature of the problems, of multiple dimensions, recognising in the quality of the form and the urban design a condition capable of favouring an urban area evolution. The purpose of this paper is to analyse to what extent the need for good design and specific attention to urban forms are present in concepts, institutional framework, and certain practices that urban regeneration promotes. To this end, the article begins with an evolutive exploration of urban regeneration concept, focusing on the Spanish experience. Next, the recent institutional framework is analysed, as well as the state policies that support urban regeneration. Finding in the national scenario (Plan Estatal 2013) some weaknesses around the urban design and public space, which it is compared with one of recognized influence (Ley de Barrios 2004), in order to know the role of urban design in each of them. Finally, the article analyses two recent experiences carried out within the ‘Ley de Barrios’ framework -Santa Caterina i Sant Pere and Sant Ildefons, (in Barcelona and its metropolitan area)-, verifying the urban design relevance in certain regeneration practices.KEYWORDS: urban regeneration, urban design, public space, planning law, stimulus policies, Barcelona

scholarly journals Urban Design and Adapting to Flood Risk: The Role of Green Infrastructure

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick Lennon ◽  
Mark Scott ◽  
Eoin O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Risk

The Role of Anticipatory Governance in Local Climate Adaptation: Observations from Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Serrao-Neumann ◽  
Ben P. Harman ◽  
Darryl Low Choy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Anticipatory Governance ◽  
Local Climate

scholarly journals Creative Street Regeneration in the Context of Socio-Spatial Sustainability: A Case Study of a Traditional City Centre in Podgorica, Montenegro

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana K. Perović ◽  
Jelena Bajić Šestović
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Public Open Spaces

The physical structure of Podgorica was predominantly developed with a traditional planning concept, whereby public open spaces of the city are as important as the city’s architectural objects. The focus of this paper is the perception of a traditional street in the context of sustainable urban regeneration. The aim of this study is to submit a proposal, through the Urban Design course at the Faculty of Architecture in Podgorica, for the physical regeneration of twelve traditional streets (eight street directions) that define the central core of Podgorica, known as Mirkova Varoš. These streets are the sites of social processes, interpreters of cultural and identity values of the society, and primary keepers of collective memory. It was detected that the attractiveness of the case study streets is weakening due to inadequate social and professional engagement in the processes of preservation and regeneration over time and also due to new users’ needs. Global requirements reflect the weakened role of public open spaces as places of social interaction, in favour of primarily closed shopping centres that are the new urban artefacts of the 21st century city. The first phase of this study is related to the theoretical interpretation of regeneration and the role of public space in the context of socio-spatial sustainability. The second phase of the study is directed toward estimating the perception of the current state of the street area in Mirova Varoš, as seen by the case study area users and architecture students, using (1) visual, (2) tactile, and (3) auditory criteria. The obtained results serve as a platform for concrete urban design proposals for sustainable street regeneration that will reflect a stronger socio-spatial interaction between (1) user–place, (2) the place–city system, and (3) local processes–global flows.

Urban Design as a Form of Agonistic Democratic Expression

2019 ◽  
pp. 120633121986126
Author(s):  
José Francisco Vergara-Perucich
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Agonistic Democracy ◽  
Democratic System

This article reflects on the potential of urban design to contribute to spatializing the theory of agonistic democracy grounding this reflection by three specific urban practices that have emerged from cracks in the democratic system under neoliberalism: a protest, a community-developed square, and an artistic intervention in the public space. The analysis of these practices valorizes the role of urban design as a potential methodology for contesting the consensus of democracy from the very praxis of shaping urban spaces illustrating how urban design practices can contribute to democratizing society. “How do urban design practices contribute to the discussion of democracy under neoliberalism?” The spatial practices analyzed were observed in three different neoliberal cities: marches in Santiago de Chile, an informal public space in Madrid’s downtown, and an artistic intervention near Euston in London. Finally, the article constructs an agenda for a democratic contestation using urban design resulted from these explorations of spaces of dissensus.

Assessment of the role of green infrastructure in sustainable urban water management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes Gulyás ◽  
Ákos Csete
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Sustainable Urban Water Management ◽  
Harvesting Systems

&lt;p&gt;Due to the climate change caused uncertainty, the urban areas face new challenges. In addition to mitigating the negative effects, it is important the developments need to implemented in a sustainable manner. The problem of urban areas is substantial on account of their growing spatial size and population, furthermore the inadequate infrastructure. Urban districts with inadequate infrastructure can be a major source of water pollution, but also have a significant impact on the well-being of the citizens. In modern urban planning the sustainable urban water management based on the usage of green infrastructure. Green infrastructure is an important tool to make urban water cycle sustainable by linking artificial, engineered elements (gray infrastructure) with the services provided by vegetation. Green infrastructure can help to make the urban water cycle sustainable in many ways. Its primary role is the mitigating effect, such as reducing and retaining surface runoff with the process of interception and evaporation. Due to the complex structure of vegetation, it can also play an important role in infiltration (by root system), thus also reducing surface runoff.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Providing adequate data on the role of green infrastructure &lt;strong&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/strong&gt; even on a city-wide scale &lt;strong&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/strong&gt; can help decision makers. To accomplish this, hydrological models can play an important role. If these models (i-Tree Hydro) based on appropriate meteorological and land cover data, they can help to estimate the runoff and infiltration of study areas and the reducing effect of vegetation (interception, evaporation). In our study, we attempted to compare two significantly different urban district based on these aspects and to analyze the differences. Analyzes in the two study areas of Szeged (Hungary) all suggest the vegetation can significantly contribute to the reduction of surface runoff. Differences between these urban districts can be quantified so these data can serve as a basis for decision making in urban planning processes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As another element of our research, we analyzed the relationship between surface runoff and infiltration in modeling study (SWMM) of rainwater harvesting systems in public institutions (kindergartens). In this part of the research, besides the efficiency of the rainwater harvesting systems, we got data about the extent of surface runoff, evaporation and infiltration on yard of kindergartens.&lt;/p&gt;

Creating Shared Public Space in the Contested City: The Role of Urban Design

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Gaffikin ◽  
Malachy Mceldowney ◽  
Ken Sterrett
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document