scholarly journals Climate Adaptability Construction Technology of Historic Conservation Areas: The Case Study of the Chinese–Baroque Historic Conservation Area in Harbin

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jin ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Siqi Liu ◽  
Jian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Adaptability ◽  
Historic Conservation

In recent years, the conflict between human activities and the natural environment has led to global warming and extreme weather, which has provoked people into thinking about the climate adaptability of buildings. Historical blocks are usually built and designed based on the social environment and climatic conditions at that time; therefore, they generally contain the construction techniques relevant to dealing with the local climate. The study aims to study the microclimate characteristics of a historic conservation area in a severe cold region and to explore how it attempted to achieve climate adaptation. Taking the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area in Harbin as an example, this paper analyzed and studied the climate adaptability technology and excavated the suitable technology for the block to deal with a severe cold climate through research, field measurements, and numerical simulation. The results showed that compared with a certain modern urban area in the city, the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area had better ability to resist wind and cold. The compact layout of the block could reduce heat loss and keep out the cold by effectively resisting the cold wind from permeating inside. Compared with the T-shaped and L-shaped courtyards, the rectangular courtyard occupies the largest proportion and a rectangular courtyard enclosed by buildings on all sides had better windbreak performance. Furthermore, when the courtyard space was enclosed by four sides and the courtyard width was the same, when the plane aspect ratio was smaller, the maximum wind speed of the inner courtyard was smaller. The squares in the block had a good performance in cold resistance. At the same scale, the higher the degree of enclosure of the square, the lower the internal wind speed. This study will provide a reference for urban planning and architectural design in severe cold regions.

Environmental change perception and engagement of mountainous people in Western Himalayas, at Rajouri District, Jammu and Kashmir, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zeeshan ◽  
Huanyuan Zhang ◽  
Liqing Sha ◽  
Gnanamoorthy Palingamoorthy ◽  
Zayar Phyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Local Climate

AbstractSubstantial temperature rise is reported in the Himalayas and the vulnerability of the region to climate change is well recognized. Apt adaptation strategy to cope with climate change calls for informed peoples’ participation, which was rarely investigated in Western Himalaya. Having been better informed, people in developed areas adopt better actions against climate change well guided by their perception. In contrast, Rajouri in Jammu and Kashmir represents a relatively impoverished and climate change vulnerable region. We, therefore, gauge people’s perceptions and actions in this area based on a household survey from 717 randomly selected individuals. Further, consistency of perception was compared with meteorological records on temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, and aboveground biomass from 1983 - 2013. The findings revealed that temperature increases significantly, while changes in rainfall, wind speed, and relative humidity were insignificant. Although people sensed a rise in temperature and deforestation right, most of them differ with respect to rainfall, wind speed, and humidity. They reported rising pollution and traffic, but no change in crop productivity or crop varieties. Of the respondents, 91% considered climate change as a risk, 86.8% reported reactive actions to it and 82.8% reported proactive actions. Locals from varied socio-economic backgrounds are not much informed about climate change; hence, the reasonability of their responses and positive adaptation actions needs further research. To engage people in climate adaptation actions, we suggest disseminating precise scientific information about local climate through awareness programs and by engaging them in climate change activities through suitable organizations.

scholarly journals The Role of Vegetation in Climate Adaptability: Case Studies of Lodz and Warsaw

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Hanzl ◽  
Anna Tofiluk ◽  
Kinga Zinowiec-Cieplik ◽  
Magdalena Grochulska-Salak ◽  
Anna Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Climate Adaptability

<p>The threats that arise from climate change and their associated economic, social, and environmental impacts are leading to the transformation of the spatial structures of cities. The growing demand for climate adaptability calls for the development of normative criteria for the design of forms of urban settings that integrate vegetation. Climate-responsive urban design reacts to the challenges of urban physics, which depend heavily on the forms of urban structures and the role of greenery. This method includes research on vegetation indexes and their impact on urban regulatory functions. The goal is to propose a comprehensive framework for assessing the functioning of urban public space, which considers the role and maintenance of green infrastructure. The intersection with the subject matter of analytical urban morphology is evident, in terms of the resolution of the urban fabric and its transformations over time. The framework of climate-responsive urban design also covers examining the parameters of surrounding built structures, such as the floor area ratio, the building coverage ratio, and building heights. In particular, the requirements of climate adaptation have an impact on the design of outdoor spaces in cities. In this article, we apply the selected methods that contribute to the climate-responsive urban design model to recommend the transformations of two urban nodes, in Lodz and Warsaw (Poland). Our goal is to indicate the future form of nodal public spaces with a focus on the needs of urban greenery, and to determine indicators for the local climate zone. After an initial literature review, we discuss a number of available indicators from the perspective of how they might contribute to determine the environmental conditions. We focus on urban water cycle, the requirement of trees for water, and insolation conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Evidence for local climate adaptation in early-life traits of Tasmanian populations of Eucalyptus pauciflora

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Gauli ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Tanya G. Bailey ◽  
Dorothy A. Steane ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Life Traits

Local climate adaptation and gene flow in the native range of two co‐occurring fruit moths with contrasting invasiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li‐Jun Cao ◽  
Bing‐Yan Li ◽  
Jin‐Cui Chen ◽  
Jia‐Ying Zhu ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Local Climate

scholarly journals Stochastic Simulation of Mould Growth Performance of Wood-Frame Building Envelopes under Climate Change: Risk Assessment and Error Estimation

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Maurice Defo ◽  
Zhe Xiao ◽  
Hua Ge ◽  
Michael A. Lacasse
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Error Estimation ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Water Tightness

Previous studies have shown that the effects of climate change on building structures will increase the mould growth risk of the wood-frame building envelope in many circumstances. This risk can be controlled by wind-driven rain deflection, improving water tightness of the exterior facade, and improving cladding ventilation. However, the effectiveness of these risk mitigation strategies are subject to various uncertainties, such as the uncertainties of wall component properties and micro-climatic conditions. The objective of this paper is to apply stochastic hygrothermal simulation to evaluate the mould growth risk of a brick veneer-clad wood-frame wall with a drainage cavity under historical and future climatic conditions of Ottawa, a Canadian city located in a cold climate zone. An extensive literature review was conducted to quantify the range of stochastic variables including rain deposition factor, rain leakage moisture source, cladding ventilation rate and material properties of brick. The randomised Sobol sequence-based sampling method, one of the Randomized Quasi-Monte Carlo (RQMC) methods, was applied for risk assessment and error estimation. It was found that, under the climatic condition of Ottawa, limiting the amount of wind-driven rain to which walls are subjected is a more robust mitigation measure than improving cladding ventilation in controlling mould growth risk, the improving of water tightness of exterior façade is not as robust as wind-driven rain deflection and cladding ventilation, however, the reduction of rainwater penetration can reduce the mould growth risk at different levels of rain deposition factor and cladding ventilation rate.

Review on Renewable Energy Potential in Australian Subtropical Region (Central and North Queensland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3846-3855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Baniyounes ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
M. G. Rasul ◽  
M. M. K. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Spatial Databases ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Energy Potential

In Australia the future demand for energy is predicted to increase rapidly. Conventional energy resources soaring prices and environmental impact have increased the interest in renewable energy technology. As a result of that the Australian government is promoting renewable energy; such as wind, geothermal, solar and hydropower. These types of energy are believed to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Renewable energy availability is controlled by climatic conditions such as solar radiation, wind speed and temperature. This paper aims to assess the potential of renewable energy resources, in particular wind and solar energy in an Australian subtropical region (Central and North Queensland) namely, Gladstone, Emerald, Rockhampton, Yeppoon, Townsville, and Cairns. Analysis is done by using the latest statistical state of Queensland energy information, along with measured data history of wind speed, solar irradiations, air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure for those sites. This study has also shown that national assessments of solar and wind energy potential can be improved by improving local climatic data assessments using spatial databases of Central and North Queensland areas.

Skill assessment of post-processing methods for ECMWF SEAS5 seasonal forecasts over Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Crespi ◽  
Marcello Petitta ◽  
Lucas Grigis ◽  
Paola Marson ◽  
Jean-Michel Soubeyroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Skill Assessment ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions

&lt;p&gt;Seasonal forecasts provide information on climate conditions several months ahead and therefore they could represent a valuable support for decision making, warning systems as well as for the optimization of industry and energy sectors. However, forecast systems can be affected by systematic biases and have horizontal resolutions which are typically coarser than the spatial scales of the practical applications. For this reason, the reliability of forecasts needs to be carefully assessed before applying and interpreting them for specific applications. In addition, the use of post-processing approaches is recommended in order to improve the representativeness of the large-scale predictions of regional and local climate conditions. The development and evaluation downscaling and bias-correction procedures aiming at improving the skills of the forecasts and the quality of derived climate services is currently an open research field. In this context, we evaluated the skills of ECMWF SEAS5 forecasts of monthly mean temperature, total precipitation and wind speed over Europe and we assessed the skill improvements of calibrated predictions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the calibration, we combined a bilinear interpolation and a quantile mapping approach to obtain corrected monthly forecasts on a 0.25&amp;#176;x0.25&amp;#176; grid from the original 1&amp;#176;x1&amp;#176; values. The forecasts were corrected against the reference ERA5 reanalysis over the hindcast period 1993&amp;#8211;2016. The processed forecasts were compared over the same domain and period with another calibrated set of ECMWF SEAS5 forecasts obtained by the ADAMONT statistical method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The skill assessment was performed by means of both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics evaluated over seasonal forecasted aggregations for the first lead time. Greater skills of the forecast systems in Europe were generally observed in spring and summer, especially for temperature, with a spatial distribution varying with the seasons. The calibration was proved to effectively correct the model biases for all variables, however the metrics not accounting for bias did not show significant improvements in most cases, and in some areas and seasons even small degradations in skills were observed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The presented study supported the activities of the H2020 European project SECLI-FIRM on the improvement of the seasonal forecast applicability for energy production, management and assessment.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Potential of Solar Air Heating in the Turkish Industrial Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Balázs Bokor ◽  
Hacer Akhan ◽  
Dogan Eryener ◽  
László Kajtár
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Mathematical Correlation

Transpired solar collector (TSC) systems are simple solutions for the preheating of ventilation air with solar energy. Their performance is a function of several environmental factors, so the climatic conditions of the location play an important role. In this paper, the effect of different climatic zones on the thermal performance of the TSC is investigated. To exclude other sources of influence, the same reference industrial building is examined in four Turkish locations (Antalya, Istanbul, Ankara and Sivas) representing different climatic conditions. RETScreen simulation is carried out for all four regions to obtain the drop of conventional heating requirement in case absorber azimuth of 0°, 45° and 90°. To illustrate the performance, temperature rise, heating energy savings and annual solar fraction are presented. Generally, it can be stated that a location with cold climate and high solar radiation at the same time benefits most from the use of a TSC system. A mathematical correlation has been found showing the solar fraction's dependence on solar radiation and heating degree days. Finally, simulation results have been compared to a set of measurement data from an industrial building's TSC system near Istanbul.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Red Raspberry Cultivars Used for Breeding and Commercial Growing in the Baltic Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunārs Lācis ◽  
Irita Kota-Dombrovska ◽  
Sarmīte Strautiņa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Local Advanced

Abstract The structure of raspberry cultivars and genetic resources in the Baltic countries have been influenced by the historical political situation in the 20th century and climatic conditions, especially winterhardiness. The genetic resources consist of some old European and American cultivars, but mostly of cultivars and hybrids bred in Russia. Currently, targeted breeding programmes are active only in Estonia and Latvia, which aim to develop winterhardy, disease-resistant cultivars, well adapted to the local climate. Therefore, parent material for hybridisation has been chosen from local advanced hybrids and introduced cultivars suitable to the regional climatic conditions. The aim of the study was to estimate the level of genetic diversity of Rubus germplasm and assess inter-specific and intra-specific relationships using phenotypical characterisation and molecular markers. Forty one Rubus genotypes were evaluated by 41 phenotypical traits and 15 previously described SSR markers. Both characterisation approaches discovered high correspondence with pedigree and a low level of diversity. A limited amount of the diversity of raspberry genetic material has been used in various breeding programmes, despite their broad geographical origin. The obtained results indicate the need for including local wild R. idaeus plant material into breeding programmes.

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