INFECTIVITY OF CACOPSYLLA PICTA (SYN. CACOPSYLLA COSTALIS), VECTOR OF 'CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA MALI' IN NORTH EAST ITALY

2008 ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Carraro ◽  
F. Ferrini ◽  
P. Ermacora ◽  
N. Loi ◽  
G. Labonne
Keyword(s):  
Cacopsylla Picta ◽  
North East ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali

scholarly journals Identification of Plant DNA in Adults of the Phytoplasma Vector Cacopsylla picta Helps Understanding Its Feeding Behavior

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Dana Barthel ◽  
Hannes Schuler ◽  
Jonas Galli ◽  
Luigimaria Borruso ◽  
Jacob Geier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Dna ◽  
Cacopsylla Picta ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
Deep Sequencing Technology ◽  
Phytoplasma Vector ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Apple proliferation is an economically important disease and a threat for commercial apple cultivation. The causative pathogen, the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, is mainly transmitted by Cacopsylla picta, a phloem-feeding insect that develops on the apple tree (Malus spp.). To investigate the feeding behavior of adults of the phytoplasma vector Cacopsylla picta in more detail, we used deep sequencing technology to identify plant-specific DNA ingested by the insect. Adult psyllids were collected in different apple orchards in the Trentino-South Tyrol region of northern Italy. DNA from the whole body of the insect was extracted and analyzed for the presence of plant DNA by performing PCR with two plant-specific primers that target the chloroplast regions trnH-psbA and rbcLa. DNA from 23 plant genera (trnH) and four plant families (rbcLa) of woody and herbaceous plant taxa was detected. Up to six and three plant genera and families, respectively, could be determined in single specimens. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the feeding behavior of adult Cacopsylla picta.

scholarly journals The insect vector Cacopsylla picta vertically transmits the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ to its progeny

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mittelberger ◽  
L. Obkircher ◽  
S. Oettl ◽  
T. Oppedisano ◽  
F. Pedrazzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Vector ◽  
Cacopsylla Picta ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali

scholarly journals The phytopathogen ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ alters apple tree phloem composition and affects oviposition behavior of its vector Cacopsylla picta

Chemoecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Maria Görg ◽  
Jannicke Gallinger ◽  
Jürgen Gross
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Cacopsylla Picta ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Apple proliferation disease is caused by the phloem-dwelling bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, inducing morphological changes in its host plant apple, such as witches’ broom formation. Furthermore, it triggers physiological alterations like emission of volatile organic compounds or phytohormone levels in the plant. In our study, we assessed phytoplasma-induced changes in the phloem by sampling phloem sap from infected and non-infected apple plants. In infected plants, the soluble sugar content increased and the composition of phloem metabolites differed significantly between non-infected and infected plants. Sugar and sugar alcohol levels increased in diseased plants, while organic and amino acid content remained constant. As ‘Ca. P. mali’ is vectored by the phloem-feeding insect Cacopsylla picta (Foerster, 1848), we assessed whether the insect–plant interaction was affected by ‘Ca. P. mali’ infection of the common host plant Malus domestica Borkh. Binary-choice oviposition bioassays between infected and non-infected apple leaves revealed C. picta’s preference for non-infected leaves. It is assumed and discussed that the changes in vector behavior are attributable to plant-mediated effects of the phytoplasma infection.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Spread of Apple Proliferation by Its Vector Cacopsylla picta

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1471-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Jarausch ◽  
Nora Schwind ◽  
Annette Fuchs ◽  
Wolfgang Jarausch
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Northern Switzerland ◽  
Cacopsylla Picta ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali

The distribution and natural phytoplasma infection of Cacopsylla picta were investigated during a long-term field survey between 2002 and 2009 in commercial and abandoned apple proliferation-infected orchards throughout Germany, northern Switzerland, and eastern France. Comparable population dynamics were described for the different sites whereas considerable variations in the absolute population densities were observed among the years. Individual polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing revealed, for each year, a rather stable natural infection rate with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ of ≈10% for overwintered adults of C. picta. Both genders were equally highly infected although more females were caught. The overall male/female ratio was 1:1.5. No direct correlation was found between the infection status of the orchard and the infection rate of overwintered C. picta. No influence of agricultural practices was seen. However, a relationship between the incidence of the disease and the vector population density became evident on a regional scale. Successful transmission of ‘Ca. P. mali’ occurred each year with overwintered individuals as well as with new adults. The transmission efficiency varied among the years within 8 to 45% for overwintered adults and 2 to 20% for individuals of the new generation. The load of single C. picta with ‘Ca. P. mali’ was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. High phytoplasma titers were measured in overwintered adults already at their first appearance in the orchards after remigration from their overwintering hosts. Thus, the data indicate the transmission of the disease on a regional scale by remigrant adults of C. picta and at a local scale within the same season by emigrant adults which developed on infected plants.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

Prevalence of cerebral palsy in north-east Italy from 1965 to 1989

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Bottos ◽  
Tatiana Granato ◽  
Giuseppa Allibrio ◽  
Caterina Gioachin ◽  
Maria Luisa Puato
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
North East
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