ASSESSING INOCULUM OF SOILBORNE PLANT PATHOGENS: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN DECISION-MAKING FOR SOIL DISINFESTATION

2014 ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Termorshuizen ◽  
M.J. Jeger

Soilborne pathogens are major constraints to the production of many food and non-food crops worldwide. A wide array of strategies are employed to reduce the activities of soilborne pathogens including chemical and non-chemical methods such as solarization, fumigation, anaerobic soil disinfestation, and soil chemical treatment. This article succinctly describes these methods and proposes the concept of “genetic soil disinfestation” as an additional innovative approach for managing soilborne pathogens. Although many components of “genetic soil disinfestation” include well known and familiar tools such as crop rotation, the concept of “genetic soil disinfestation” redefines cropping systems in a unified perspective with focus on using a genetic approach to optimize the attributes of hosts and nonhosts that significantly reduce the populations of soilborne plant pathogens and the efficiency of invasiness of these pathogens.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Palmini ◽  
Victor Geraldi Haase

Abstract The constant conflict between decisions leading to immediate pleasurable consequences versus behaviors aiming at long-term social advantages is reviewed here in the framework of the evolutionary systems regulating behavior. The inescapable temporal perspective in decision-making in everyday life is highlighted and integrated with the role of the executive functions in the modulation of subcortical systems. In particular, the representations of the 'non-existent' future in the prefrontal cortical regions and how these representations can bridge theory and practice in everyday life are addressed. Relevant discussions regarding the battle between emotions and reasons in the determination of more complex decisions in the realm of neuroeconomics and in moral issues have been reserved for a second essay.


BMJ ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 291 (6503) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Stephenson ◽  
D M Fergusson ◽  
A R Hornblow ◽  
D W Beaven ◽  
S J Chetwynd

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