Bio-Factor Inspired Contemporary Agriculture-Horticulture with Innovative Researches and Ecosystem Transformation for Healthy Life Plausible Governance

While developing countries focused their endeavors on development of livelihood and sustainable food security, developed countries diverted their attention towards development of feel good and wellness. It is found that lot of satisfactory progresses had been made in agriculture and horticulture and forestry land uses as per land capability classes. This scientific persuasion brought considerable improvement in situations and with development of knowledge many innovative developments and constraints also emerged. This study inspired by bio factors “feel good and wellness” brought contemporary transformations of forestry land use in to Forestry- Horticulture, least liable to damage by climatic aberrations. Control of the Governance of countries remains its fast adaptations. This researchers’ theme, “Food is Medicine”, recommended intake of suitable fruits and nuts as mini snack after around 3h of meal of any kind of food menus, to regulate acidity in human animal and fish bio systems. These fruits and nuts needs’ will get easily accomplished by the innovative transformation, “Forestry Horticulture”, which will support accomplish fulfillment of livelihood need and food securities in countries world over. With this transformation nutrient and water management in forestry sector will naturally get revamped for building still better vegetation cover, raising efficiency of fruits and nuts bearing through integrated fostering of wild as well as honey bee pollinators. The bio-factor feel good and wellness will get accomplished under both developing as well as developing countries enable bringing development of healthy stress free life of all gentry facilitating plausible stable governances.

Sap Flow and Water Consumption of Captain Cook Tree [Cascabela thevetia (l.) Lippold].

A two-year field study documented the diurnal and nocturnal sap flow rates and water consumption of young (YCC), adult (ACC) and mature (MCC) Captain Cook trees [Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold] that were invading a riparian habitat in northern Queensland. For comparison, two native trees [black tea tree (Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell.) and Moreton Bay ash (Corymbia tessellaris (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson)] growing in association with Captain Cook tree were also monitored. Sap flow measurements were grouped into eight timeframes per day (early morning, late morning, early afternoon, late afternoon, early night, late night, early dawn and late dawn). Significant interactions in sap flow rate occurred between plant types, timeframes, and months. The magnitude of sap flow rate was Moreton Bay ash>YCC>ACC>black tea tree>MCC. Maximum sap flow rates tended to occur during early (1-3 pm) to mid-afternoon (4-6 pm) for all age groups of Captain Cook tree and the two native trees. Diurnal sap flow rates were significantly greater than nocturnal, and on a monthly basis sap flow rates were highest over the spring to autumn period (September-May) and lowest during winter (June–August). Significant differences in water consumption also occurred between species and months. Water consumption peak time varied between plant types with most plants peaking in January except for MCC and Moreton Bay ash trees for which peak water consumption occurred in June and July respectively. Water consumption was high across all seasons except winter. The magnitude of water consumption was Moreton Bay ash>black tea tree>YCC>ACC>MCC trees. Moreton Bay ash registered maximal monthly water consumption (4700 L) compared with minimal consumption by MCC trees (55 L). On average, Captain Cook trees used 99% and 72% less water than Moreton Bay ash and black tea trees respectively. The significantly lower water consumption by Captain Cook trees compared with Moreton Bay ash and black tea trees may be offset by high population densities. Results also suggest that knowledge of optimal sap flow timeframes may be advantageous in exploring optimal timing for application of control operations related to management of Captain Cook trees.

Effect of Plant Spacing and Harvest Interval on the Growth Parameters of Moringa oleifera Lam (Periyakulam-1) in Sokoto (Semi-Arid Environment)

Moringa is a typical representative of multi-purpose tropical tree crop due to the high nutritional value, it is an important source for food to many communities and provides raw materials for animal feed industries. This study investigates the influence of plant densities (15 x 15 cm, 15 x 20 cm, 20 x 20 cm, and 20 x 30 cm) and four (4) harvesting intervals (HI) of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks was laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data on silvicultural practices were collected and six (6) plants were randomly selected for harvest from each plot which were subsequently separated into leaves, stems and twigs. Fresh and air-dried weights were recorded for analysis. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used to separate the means. Results of the present study show non-significant effects of plant density (p>0.05) between treatments. However, greater number of branches, leaves, height and biomass accumulation was recorded at 8 weeks harvesting interval. A significant interaction effects were recorded between spacing and HI.

A short review on Soil Quality Restoration

Based at the complicated interactions among the approaches, elements and reasons of diverse spatial and temporal balances, soil is a non-renewable useful resource on a human time scale this is concern to exposure.

Effect of Cassava Processing Effluent on Microbial Diversity and Physicochemical Constituents of Soils

This paper examines the effect of cassava processing effluent on the microbiological and physicochemical constituents of soils at Luyor Gwara in Khana, River State, Nigeria. The parameters of concern were investigated using standard analytical techniques. Bacterial and fungal counts were reported as colony forming units (CFU) and spore forming units (SFU) respectively. Mean values of total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal count of the polluted soils ranged from 1.18 × 107CFU/g to 1.90 × 107CFU/g and from 1.4 × 106 SFU/g to 7.0 × 106 SFU/g respectively. While bacterial and fungal counts in the control soil ranged from 3.0 × 106CFU/g to 4.0 × 106CFU/g and 1.0 × 106 SFU/g to 3.0 × 106 SFU/g respectively. Except for station C that had lower fungal counts, the bacterial and fungal counts were higher in polluted soils than in control soils. There was statistical significant difference in the total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal count at p≤0.05. The bacteria frequencies were Staphylococcus aureus (20.58%), Bacillus spp (17.64%), Escherichia coli (14.7%), Corynebacterium spp (11.8%), Lactobacillus spp (8.82%), Pseudomonas spp (8.82%), Alcaligenes faecalis (8.82%), Klebsiella spp (5.88%), and Kurthia spp (2.94%). While fungi were Aspergillus niger (30%), Penicillium spp (20%), Microsporium canis (15%), Fusarium spp (10%), Mucor spp (10%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (5%). The soil temperatures ranged from 27.8 to 25.4ºC, pH from 6.99 to 7.84, Electrical conductivity from 172 to 60μs/cm, Sulphate ranged from 184 to 34.5mg/kg, Nitrate from 61.77 to 31.10mg/kg, Phosphate from 10.5 to 2.1mg/kg, and total Organic Carbon ranged from 0.51 to 0.045%. Generally, physicochemical constituents were higher in the cassava effluent polluted soils than in the control. The cassava effluent however impacted negatively on the soil microbial populations and diversity which will sure affect the soil ecology and fertility. The presence of potential pathogens poses serious health hazard by disease associated with these organisms.

Exploratory Study on Suitable Horticulture Trees for Building Sufficiency of Fruits and Nuts from New Transformation of Forestry-Horticulture

A new transformation for enhancing utility and efficiency of forestry ecosystem and reduction of stress due to resting sole reliance on arable ecosystem for livelihood was devised. This endeavor reached to a new transformation from forestry to Forestry- Horticulture so as to enable acquiring fruits and nuts, highly effectively useful in bringing feel good and wellness, foster of good health and wealth for nations, under changing climate. Reviw and connaissance survey of suitable horticultural trees which bear fruits and nuts and not get damaged by birds, monkeys and ground moving wild animals were searched coveing India from it boundary in North to South and from West to East. There occurred plentiful fruits and nut trees, bushes and herbs, which will easily grow at sites in forest where no trees existed. The statistics of forestry revealed that mere 2.7 percent of geographical area occuring under forest (21.338%), is dense forest having vegetation cover density of 70% or more and remaing areas under forest have moderate to low vegetation covearage. This new transformation will quickly enhance forest cover, induce carbon sequestration, produce woods of different qualities and additionally produce fruits, nuts, gums and resins and many useful produces such as leaves, herbs, honey etc. These products will be available locally as all states have their own forests and produce commodities for business and trades with huge employment generations in process from production to consumption. This new bio based transformation is implementable, without creating any disparity or grudge and bringing a plausible livelihood from stressful situation occurring due to global warming and climate change.

Some Fruit and Oil Characteristics of Ever Green Type Olive Cultivar Candidates (Le002 and Mt087)

LE002 and MT087 cultivar candidates had olive fruits their color is never turn black from green until they fall down. So that their olives described as evergreen fruit. In this study olives were harvested at of first day of November normally other olive cultivars have whole black olive but LE002 and MT087 have green olives. Oil and dry matter content of LE002 and MT087 fruits were determined after that oils were produced by cold press and free fatty acid content, peroxide value and absorbency in ultraviolet light of oils were detected. Dry matter and oil content of olives were 41,0% and 19,47% for MT087 and 45,96% and 23,42% for LE002. Oil content of green olives were lower than these detected values for Marmara region of Turkey. All the analyses result of oils was between the limits of olive oil standards and regulations. So that both these cultivar candidates should be more analyzed to be determine their oil characteristics for future cultivar registration and certification steps.

Malt Barley Genotypes Assessed by Analytic Adaptability Measures for NWPZ of the Country

Highly significant effects of the environment (E), genotypes (G), and GxE interaction had been observed by AMMI analysis. Environment explained 51.4% whereas GxE interaction accounted for 22.1% of treatment variations in yield during first year. Harmonic Mean of Genotypic Values (HMGV) expressed higher values for DWRB160, DWRB184, and BH902. Ranking of genotype as per IPCA-1 were BH902, DWRB182, DWRB101. While IPCA-2, selected DWRB101, DWRB123, DWRB184 genotypes. Values of ASV1 selected DWRB101, DWRB182, BH902 and ASV identified DWRB101, DWRB123, DWRB182 barley genotypes. Adaptability measures Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genotypic Values (HMPRVG) and Relative Performance of Genotypic Values (RPGV) identified DWRB160, DWRB184, and BH902 as the genotypes of performance among the locations. Biplot graphical analysis exhibited adaptability measures PRVG, HMPRVG along with IPC3, mean, GM, HM grouped in a cluster. During 2019-20 cropping season Environment effects accounted 79.7% whereas GxE interaction contributed for 7.7% % of treatment variations in yield. HMGV expressed higher values for DWRB196, DWRB123, and RD2849. IPCA-1 scores, desired ranking of genotypes was DWRB182, PL908, RD2849. While IPCA-2 pointed towards PL908, RD2849, DWRB196, as genotypes of choice. Analytic measures ASV and ASV1 selected PL908, RD2849, DWRB123 barley genotypes. HMRPGV along with PRVG settled for DWRB196, DWRB123, and RD2849. Adaptability measures PRVG, HMPRVG clustered with mean, GM, HM and observed in different quadrant of biplot analysis.

Enriched Agriculture Horticulture Science Technology Socio-EconomyCommunication-Issue by Biomedicines Suppressing Tomato-Disease and Coronavirus 2-Like-Pandemic-Diseases!

To avoid traditional control of root-knot disease, there remains a need for developing effective biomedicines of animal origins. The animal biomedicines; Nematode Extract (NE) and Gall Protein (GP) when applied by foliar spray, are highly effective at 1.3mg/plant and 2.01mg/plant, respectively in ameliorating root-knot disease of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Cv. Pusa Ruby) caused by Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, promoting plant growth and fruit production. The nematode extract (NE) is more effective than the gall protein (GP) in this respect. Both the extract is thought to induce systemic acquired resistance response of the treated plants through the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins, and may prevent 21st –century pandemics COVID-19 like virus diseases by boosting immunity, resisting toxic effects on the environment, and improved agriculture green-socio-economy aquatic-science-technology-communication application issues, and it may also give a good scope for new advanced-development and research in the field “Agricultural, Horticulture, Earth-Environmental-Clinical-Toxicology-Health-Research, Science-Technology-Communication-Socio-Economy and May be Controlled 21st-Century Pandemic Diseases in Future New Normal Situation Also”.

Assessment of Rice Producers Cooperative in Ukum Local Government Area, Benue State Nigeria

The study assessed rice producers’ cooperative in Ukum Local Government Area of Benue State. A total of 120 respondents were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique. Data for the study were collected by the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentages mean statistics and Likert scale. The result of the findings revealed that majority (82%) of the respondent were males and 74.2% married. The Major roles performed by rice producers’ cooperatives are facilitating members’ access to land (M = 4.49), Communal manual weeding (M=4.43) and Assists members with farm implements (M=4.30). Poor market infrastructure (M=2.93) and Poor access to extension services (M=2.88) were the major problems affecting respondents. Furthermore, improved market infrastructure (M=3.53) and improved extension contact (M=3.49) were factors revealed that enhance the performance of rice producers. The study therefore recommend that government should provide storage facilities to rice producers in order to store their grains. Good processing facilities should be made available to rice producers cooperative in order to encourage value chain transformation and value addition, government should provide quality extension service delivery that is capable of diffusing technological innovations, as this will improve output of rice producers in the study area.