Towards a national certification scheme forRubusin the United States

2016 ◽  
pp. 483-486
Author(s):  
R.C. Gergerich ◽  
I.E. Tzanetakis ◽  
R.R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Certification Scheme ◽  
National Certification

Pear blister canker viroid.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie W Hammond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Certification Scheme ◽  
Quarantine Pest ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen

Abstract Pear blister canker disease, first reported in France in the 1960's, is caused by pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd). Diseases can occur in several cultivars of pear (Pyrus communis), its major host, but most pear cultivars are tolerant and do not produce symptoms of infection. PBCVd was initially reported in pear and quince, followed by wild pear and nashi and can experimentally infect species in other genera (Chaenomeles, Cydonia, Sorbus, Malus). Transmission through mechanical inoculation from pruning tools and grafting to infective propagative materials is a potential pathway for spread; no animal vector is known and it is not known to be seed transmitted. PBCVd has been reported in several European countries, Malta, Tunisia, Turkey, Australia, Japan, China, and the Americas; the geographic distribution may be underestimated because of symptomless infections in certain hosts. PBCVd was placed on the A1 list in Canada in 1995, listed as a quarantine pest in the United States in 1989, is regarded as quarantine pathogen for Australia, and is listed in a certification scheme to produce clean Pyrus and Cydonia sp. planting material in an OEPP/EPPO Bulletin in 1999 (OEPP/EPPO, 1999).

Training Needs of Career Development Counsellors and Facilitators

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Splete ◽  
Dorothy Hutton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Career Counselling ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Certification And Accreditation ◽  
National Certification ◽  
And Training

This article describes the need for trained career development personnel to assist in a variety of settings. The professional role and training requirements in the United States and Australia show a marked similarity in recent government attention to the area and in the sequence and timing of initiatives. A disparity that exists between state provisions of training and expectations of standards is receiving attention from national government bodies and national professional associations. Professional bodies in both countries are currently developing national certification and accreditation guidelines and procedures, but the United States, with its tradition of training, supervision and examination, has moved much further along the accreditation path than Australia. Some of the major issues concerning the certification and accreditation of careers practitioners and examples of training and curriculum models are provided. The article provides a glimpse of future directions in the profession of career counselling.

National Standards for Preparing Senior Fitness Instructors

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jessie Jones ◽  
Janie Clark
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Curriculum Standards ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
National Certification ◽  
National Coalition ◽  
Fitness Programs

Because of the recognized value of exercise for older adults, senior fitness programs have been developed in various facilities throughout the United States and in many other countries. However, there appears to be a shortage of professionally trained senior fitness specialists to develop and instruct such programs. A number of professional health and fitness organizations/associations and individual entrepreneurs have developed training programs leading to some type of certification. However, because there are no published curriculum standards to guide the development of these training programs, they often lack components essential for teaching students how to instruct safe and effective classes for senior participants. Curriculum Standards to Prepare Senior Fitness Instructors, developed by a national coalition, were presented at the 1995 International Conference on Aging and Physical Activity in Colorado. This project was undertaken not to promote national certification or licensing but, rather, to help educators plan training programs. Input from the conferees was synthesized into the standards, which are provided in this paper.

scholarly journals Pear blister canker viroid.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie W. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Certification Scheme ◽  
Quarantine Pest ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen

Abstract Pear blister canker disease, first reported in France in the 1960's, is caused by pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd). Diseases can occur in several cultivars of pear (Pyrus communis), its major host, but most pear cultivars are tolerant and do not produce symptoms of infection. PBCVd was initially reported in pear and quince, followed by wild pear and nashi and can experimentally infect species in other genera (Chaenomeles, Cydonia, Sorbus, Malus). Transmission through mechanical inoculation from pruning tools and grafting to infective propagative materials is a potential pathway for spread; no animal vector is known and it is not known to be seed transmitted. PBCVd has been reported in several European countries, Malta, Tunisia, Turkey, Australia, Japan, China, and the Americas; the geographic distribution may be underestimated because of symptomless infections in certain hosts. PBCVd was placed on the A1 list in Canada in 1995, listed as a quarantine pest in the United States in 1989, is regarded as quarantine pathogen for Australia, and is listed in a certification scheme to produce clean Pyrus and Cydonia sp. planting material in an OEPP/EPPO Bulletin in 1999 (OEPP/EPPO, 1999).

National blueberry certification scheme in the United States

2017 ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
I.E. Tzanetakis ◽  
R.C. Gergerich ◽  
R.R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Certification Scheme

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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