Progress in pipfruit resistance breeding and research at Plant & Food Research

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bus ◽  
G. Singla ◽  
S. Ward ◽  
L. Brewer ◽  
C. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Food Research

scholarly journals Potato cultivars vary in susceptibility to blackleg (Erwinia carotovora subsp atroseptica)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 403-403
Author(s):  
P.J. Wright ◽  
J.A.D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Commercial Cultivars

Ten potato cultivars were tested for susceptibility to infection by Erwinia carotovora subsp atroseptica (Eca) the causal agent of blackleg over two maincrop seasons in 200506 and 200607 The pathogen was inoculated into seed tubers using toothpicks charged with undiluted bacterial growth Blackleg incidence was assessed 56 weeks after planting The field experiments clearly confirmed that potato cultivars vary significantly in susceptibility to blackleg Some New Zealand cultivars had a lower susceptibility to blackleg than current commercial cultivars The new Plant Food Research release Summer Delight in particular had an exceptional level of resistance and will be used as a parent in efforts to develop potato cultivars with lower blackleg susceptibility than current local commercial cultivars Routine screening of Plant Food Research breeding lines and cultivars will continue to be carried out over several seasons to confirm results presented here and to determine further blacklegresistant germplasm

scholarly journals Remote microscopy diagnostics for preclearance export of apricots grown in Central Otago

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 440-440
Author(s):  
B. Attfield ◽  
D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Insect Identification ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Remote Microscopy

Central Otago growers wishing to export apricots to Australia are required to have fruit graded packed and inspected by a registered packhouse as part of the Offshore PreClearance Inspection Programme As part of this programme an Australian government inspector is brought to Central Otago by the industry for approximately 6 weeks to carry out fruit inspections in the packhouse specifically targeting insect interceptions Any insects found in the 600 fruit sampled from each lot inspected (0530 pallets) are brought to Plant Food Research Clyde where a technician prepares the specimen for remote microscopy diagnostics (RMD) RMD enables sameday insect identification by experts from the Plant Health and Environment Laboratory Ministry for Primary Industries Christchurch A camera mounted on a compound or stereo microscope relays images in real time via the internet enabling the specimen to be manipulated by the technician in Clyde for identification by qualified staff in Christchurch Previously insect identification took approximately 3 days as specimens were sent by courier from Central Otago to a certified laboratory in Auckland RMD real time saving equates to less fruit spoilage and less disruption to transport systems awaiting shipments to be cleared

scholarly journals Influence of leaf age of Actinidia cultivars Hayward and Hort16A on infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 289-289
Author(s):  
C.L. Curtis ◽  
J.L. Tyson ◽  
I.J. Horner ◽  
A. Blackmore ◽  
M.A. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Necrotic Spots

The influence of leaf age on infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) was investigated using potted Hayward and Hort16A kiwifruit plants Leaves were spray inoculated with an isolate of Psa (haplotype NZV) at a rate of 69 108 cfu/ml Plants were maintained in a saturated environment in a plastic hot house within the confines of a containment laboratory at Plant Food Research Mt Albert Research Centre Auckland All leaves were assessed for symptoms 8 days after inoculation and thereafter at approximately weekly intervals for 4 weeks At each assessment changes in symptom expression on the leaves were recorded Flecking was evident on some of the leaves 8 days after inoculation Many of these flecks later became necrotic spots with halos similar to Psa infections that have been observed in the field A higher percentage of leaves that were 23 weeks of age at inoculation had flecking and spotting than leaves of other ages Leaves that were 7 weeks or older did not show any symptoms of infection by Psa Overall leaves on Hort16A showed slightly more flecking and spotting than Hayward

New Zealand Plant Protection Society / Zespri Kiwifruit Scholarship

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Casey Flay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Food Research

Production of Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) is a billion- dollar industry in New Zealand that is threatened by various pests and diseases. Armoured scale insects, leafroller insects and a disease caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) all cause economic loss to the kiwifruit industry because of the damage they inflict and the market access restrictions imposed if their presence is detected. Examining the available kiwifruit germplasm pool for resistance to the armoured scale insect (Hemiberlesia lataniae) was identified as a promising first step towards introgression of resistance into future kiwifruit cultivars. To integrate resistance alleles into current and future breeding programmes efficiently, robust markers linked to resistance genes need to be identified. Casey Flay, recipient of the NZPPS/Zespri Kiwifruit Scholarship, is a PhD student at Massey University. In the first year of his PhD, Casey studied H. lataniae scale resistance markers in a small family of A. chinensis var. chinensis from breeding populations at the New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research. Markers were identified for this population that were associated with phenotype and were validated in a related population. To test these markers in a diverse background, four families made from a cross of wild-sourced material was phenotyped. All the seedlings resulting from crossing resistant parents with a tolerant parents were resistant to H. lataniae. However, further work is required to backcross resistant progeny with susceptible parents before marker information can be associated with phenotype. Ongoing work includes studying H. lataniae resistance as well as resistance to the brownheaded leafroller (Ctenopseustis obliquana) in a large kiwifruit population which is segregating for resistance to both H. lataniae and C. obliquana. Loci responsible for each type of resistance will be identified and a detailed quantitative trait locus (QTL) map generated. This process will allow markers to be developed to target these QTLs, enabling them to be robust tools for resistance breeding. Casey will also study the effects of Psa on the kiwifruit germplasm collection at Plant & Food Research. Selection mapping will be used to assess alleles that are removed from the germplasm population as  a consequence of Psa infection. Results of this work will provide information on the sections of the kiwifruit genome that confer tolerance or susceptibility to Psa, enabling breeders to enhance breeding for resistance to Psa. Breeding for resistance to biotic threats that are currently targeted by chemical sprays is a reasonable move toward a healthier, cheaper and more environmentally friendly form of food production. This will benefit organic producers and conventional producers alike by reducing market access issues, decreasing the need for pest control, and decreasing the real and perceived risks associated with spray residues, resulting in increased market appeal and economic returns. This one-off NZPPS/Zespri Kiwifruit Scholarship was possible thanks to Zespri. It was funded by the proceeds of a symposium on Psa held in Palmerston North in 2016 run jointly by Zespri and the New Zealand Plant Protection Society.

scholarly journals Screening of historical isolates stored in New Zealand culture collections for Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 292-292
Author(s):  
D. Park ◽  
D. Than ◽  
K.R. Everett ◽  
J. Rees-George ◽  
M.K. Romberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Pseudomonas Viridiflava

Subsequent to the detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) on kiwifruit in Te Puke (November 2010) isolates of Pseudomonas spp from kiwifruit stored in the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP) and at Plant Food Research (PFR) were tested by PCR for Psa A total of 139 isolates from ICMP were assayed with the previously published primer pairs PsaF1/PsaR2 and PAV1/P22 An amplicon of expected size for Psa was produced from 19 isolates using primers PAV1/P22 but no amplicons were obtained using the primers PsaF1/PsaR2 Amplicons produced by primers PAV1/P22 were sequenced and these isolates were identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava A further 52 Pseudomonas isolates collected from kiwifruit and stored at PFR did not amplify a PCR product with primers PsaF1/PsaR2 These PCR tests confirm that Psa was not detected in any of the cultures held in the ICMP or at PFR The screening of historical Pseudomonas isolates associated with kiwifruit suggests that Psa strains had not been isolated from New Zealand kiwifruit samples prior to the detection in 2010

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

Balancing Act: Identity and Otherness among Latin American Immigrants and their Food Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Paulette Kershenovich Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Latin American Immigrants

This article deals with the identity construction of Latin American immigrants in Israel through their food practices. Food is a basic symbolic element connecting cultural perceptions and experiences. For immigrants, food is also an important element in the maintenance of personal ties with their home countries and a cohesive factor in the construction of a new identity in Israel, their adopted homeland. Food practices encode tacit information and non-verbal cues that are integral parts of an individual’s relationship with different social groups. In this case, I recruited participants from an online group formed within social media platforms of Latin American women living in Israel. The basic assumption of this study posits that certain communication systems are set in motion around food events in various social contexts pertaining to different national or local cuisines and culinary customs. Their meaning, significance and modifications and how they are framed. This article focuses on the adaptation and acculturation processes because it is at that point that immigrants are faced with an interesting duality of reconstructing their unique cultural perceptions to either fit the existing national collective ethos or create a new reality. In this study, the main objective is to compare two different immigrant groups: Jewish and non-Jewish women from Latin America who came to Israel during the last ten years. The comparative nature of the research revealed marked differences between ethnic, religious and cultural elements that reflect coping strategies manifested in the cultural production of food and its representation in two distinct domains: private and public. In the former, it is illustrated within the family and home and how they connect or clash with the latter in the form of consumption in public. Combining cultural studies and discourse analysis, this article offers fresh insight into new models of food practices and reproductions. The article’s contribution to new food research lies in its ability to shed light on how inter-generational and inter-religious discourses are melded while food practices and traditions are embedded in a new Israeli identity.

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