New Zealand Plant Protection Society / Zespri Kiwifruit Scholarship

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Casey Flay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Food Research

Production of Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) is a billion- dollar industry in New Zealand that is threatened by various pests and diseases. Armoured scale insects, leafroller insects and a disease caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) all cause economic loss to the kiwifruit industry because of the damage they inflict and the market access restrictions imposed if their presence is detected. Examining the available kiwifruit germplasm pool for resistance to the armoured scale insect (Hemiberlesia lataniae) was identified as a promising first step towards introgression of resistance into future kiwifruit cultivars. To integrate resistance alleles into current and future breeding programmes efficiently, robust markers linked to resistance genes need to be identified. Casey Flay, recipient of the NZPPS/Zespri Kiwifruit Scholarship, is a PhD student at Massey University. In the first year of his PhD, Casey studied H. lataniae scale resistance markers in a small family of A. chinensis var. chinensis from breeding populations at the New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research. Markers were identified for this population that were associated with phenotype and were validated in a related population. To test these markers in a diverse background, four families made from a cross of wild-sourced material was phenotyped. All the seedlings resulting from crossing resistant parents with a tolerant parents were resistant to H. lataniae. However, further work is required to backcross resistant progeny with susceptible parents before marker information can be associated with phenotype. Ongoing work includes studying H. lataniae resistance as well as resistance to the brownheaded leafroller (Ctenopseustis obliquana) in a large kiwifruit population which is segregating for resistance to both H. lataniae and C. obliquana. Loci responsible for each type of resistance will be identified and a detailed quantitative trait locus (QTL) map generated. This process will allow markers to be developed to target these QTLs, enabling them to be robust tools for resistance breeding. Casey will also study the effects of Psa on the kiwifruit germplasm collection at Plant & Food Research. Selection mapping will be used to assess alleles that are removed from the germplasm population as  a consequence of Psa infection. Results of this work will provide information on the sections of the kiwifruit genome that confer tolerance or susceptibility to Psa, enabling breeders to enhance breeding for resistance to Psa. Breeding for resistance to biotic threats that are currently targeted by chemical sprays is a reasonable move toward a healthier, cheaper and more environmentally friendly form of food production. This will benefit organic producers and conventional producers alike by reducing market access issues, decreasing the need for pest control, and decreasing the real and perceived risks associated with spray residues, resulting in increased market appeal and economic returns. This one-off NZPPS/Zespri Kiwifruit Scholarship was possible thanks to Zespri. It was funded by the proceeds of a symposium on Psa held in Palmerston North in 2016 run jointly by Zespri and the New Zealand Plant Protection Society.

scholarly journals Development and commercialisation of pheromone products in New Zealand

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Suckling ◽  
J.T.S Walker ◽  
G.K. Clare ◽  
K.S.H. Boyd Wilson ◽  
C. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Food Research

The sale of pheromone traps lures and mating disruption products for horticultural insect pest species has grown steadily since the late 1980s with expanding sales to New Zealand growers from Plant Food Research (PFR) and its predecessors New biosecurity incursions led to pheromone identifications for delimitation and pest management of other species Mating disruption products were developed to target leafrollers currant clearwing codling moth and oriental fruit moth In 201011 the activity involved with production of > 30 pheromone products was sold as a business unit by PFR to a New Zealand company In addition the first legislative group standard for plant protection products was drawn up to enable future development of straightchained lepidopteran sex pheromones under New Zealands Environmental Protection Authority The availability of pheromone products to assist with decision support and pest management is now subject to market forces

scholarly journals Phosphine fumigation to disinfest kiwifruit

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
N.E.M Page-Weir ◽  
A Chhagan ◽  
D.W. Brash ◽  
D. Klementz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
Twospotted Spider

Global use of phosphine as a fumigant has increased in response to the need to replace methyl bromide and with the improved formulations ECO2FUME and VAPORPH3OS Phosphine is registered as a postharvest fumigant on kiwifruit in New Zealand and has been used commercially to reduce the risk of detecting live pests Scale insects mealybugs and diapausing twospotted spider mites were exposed to a range of phosphine treatments A 48h low temperature (1746C) fumigation (64083311 ppm) achieved 100 mortality of all life stages of oleander scale insects while a 12h exposure killed all longtailed mealybug life stages A 36h low temperature (2533C) fumigation (43322712 ppm) treatment achieved 100 mortality of all greedy scale insect life stages A 48 to 96h treatment (36001200 ppm) at 115C caused 913100 mortality of diapausing twospotted spider mite adults Use of phosphine as a commercial treatment for kiwifruit is discussed

Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of New Zealand’s pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella: Viscaceae) with description of three new species: Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata (Diaspididae) and Eriococcus korthalsellae (Eriococcidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2644 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA C. HENDERSON ◽  
AMIR SULTAN ◽  
ALASTAIR W. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black Scale ◽  
Three New Species

The scale insect fauna recorded on the pigmy mistletoe genus Korthalsella (Viscaceae) and New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes is reviewed. Three new species from New Zealand discovered on Korthalsella species during this study are described: the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs of two pupillarial species Leucaspis albotecta sp. nov. and Leucaspis trilobata sp. nov. (Diaspididae); and the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs and 1st-instar nymph of Eriococcus korthalsellae sp. nov. (Eriococcidae). A distribution map is provided for the three new species. We report the first records of adventive (exotic) scale insects on Korthalsella species in New Zealand – Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, soft brown scale, Saissetia coffeae (Walker), hemispherical scale, S. oleae (Olivier), black scale (Coccidae), and Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, oleander scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), latania scale, H. rapax (Comstock), greedy scale (Diaspididae), while three native scale insects are also first records: Kalasiris perforata (Maskell) (Coccidae), Eriococcus pallidus Maskell (Eriococcidae) and Paracoccus glaucus (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae). Ten scale insect species are listed for New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes.

scholarly journals The economic impact of failures in plant protection to New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Saunders ◽  
Caroline M Saunders ◽  
James G Buwalda ◽  
Pip J Gerard ◽  
Graeme W Bourdôt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Trade And Environment ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Environment Model ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Plant weeds, pests and diseases comprise significant threats to pastoral agriculture in New Zealand. The extent of damage incurred by New Zealand’s agricultural industry from these weed and pest threats varies significantly depending on the response implemented, and the technologies available. This paper assesses the projected economic impact of three individual potential failures in plant protection, specifically the spread of clover root weevil, giant buttercup and glassy-winged sharpshooter across New Zealand, and the potential mitigation of economic loss caused by these failures through various response methods. This assessment is carried out with the use of a national-level agricultural production and value model, based on data from the Ministry for Primary Industries farm models and the Lincoln Trade and Environment Model, an international trade and environment model. The model projects economic impact on agriculture until 2030, comparing the differences in economic impact between business as usual without the advent of each threat and then with the advent of each threat alongside various potential responses. The modelled responses cover firstly the most probable responses, and secondly the use of biological control agents, in the form of a parasitoid or bio-herbicide control. The results show that biological controls offer the most effective and feasible responses to the modelled threats to pastoral agriculture compared with other responses.

scholarly journals Screening of historical isolates stored in New Zealand culture collections for Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 292-292
Author(s):  
D. Park ◽  
D. Than ◽  
K.R. Everett ◽  
J. Rees-George ◽  
M.K. Romberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Pseudomonas Viridiflava

Subsequent to the detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) on kiwifruit in Te Puke (November 2010) isolates of Pseudomonas spp from kiwifruit stored in the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP) and at Plant Food Research (PFR) were tested by PCR for Psa A total of 139 isolates from ICMP were assayed with the previously published primer pairs PsaF1/PsaR2 and PAV1/P22 An amplicon of expected size for Psa was produced from 19 isolates using primers PAV1/P22 but no amplicons were obtained using the primers PsaF1/PsaR2 Amplicons produced by primers PAV1/P22 were sequenced and these isolates were identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava A further 52 Pseudomonas isolates collected from kiwifruit and stored at PFR did not amplify a PCR product with primers PsaF1/PsaR2 These PCR tests confirm that Psa was not detected in any of the cultures held in the ICMP or at PFR The screening of historical Pseudomonas isolates associated with kiwifruit suggests that Psa strains had not been isolated from New Zealand kiwifruit samples prior to the detection in 2010

scholarly journals The economic impact of failures in plant protection to New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Saunders ◽  
Caroline M Saunders ◽  
James G Buwalda ◽  
Pip J Gerard ◽  
Graeme W Bourdôt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Trade And Environment ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Environment Model ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Plant weeds, pests and diseases comprise significant threats to pastoral agriculture in New Zealand. The extent of damage incurred by New Zealand’s agricultural industry from these weed and pest threats varies significantly depending on the response implemented, and the technologies available. This paper assesses the projected economic impact of three individual potential failures in plant protection, specifically the spread of clover root weevil, giant buttercup and glassy-winged sharpshooter across New Zealand, and the potential mitigation of economic loss caused by these failures through various response methods. This assessment is carried out with the use of a national-level agricultural production and value model, based on data from the Ministry for Primary Industries farm models and the Lincoln Trade and Environment Model, an international trade and environment model. The model projects economic impact on agriculture until 2030, comparing the differences in economic impact between business as usual without the advent of each threat and then with the advent of each threat alongside various potential responses. The modelled responses cover firstly the most probable responses, and secondly the use of biological control agents, in the form of a parasitoid or bio-herbicide control. The results show that biological controls offer the most effective and feasible responses to the modelled threats to pastoral agriculture compared with other responses.

Effect of a protectant copper application on Psa infection of kiwifruit trap plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 310-314
Author(s):  
J.L. Tyson ◽  
S.J. Dobson ◽  
M.A. Manning
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Copper Compounds ◽  
Trap Plants

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit, which is an ongoing threat to New Zealand kiwifruit production. Disease control depends on orchard practices such as removal of visibly diseased material, pruning during low-risk periods, and the application of foliar bactericides. Although the use of copper compounds on Actinidia species (kiwifruit) can cause phytotoxicity, copper-based formulations remain a key component of Psa control in New Zealand. The effect of single copper applications on Psa infection of ‘Hort16A’ trap plants was studied over the Spring of 2014 (Sept—Nov). Psa leaf spots were observed at the beginning of October, appearing first on the untreated plants. Although the copper sprays did not achieve complete protection, particularly as the inoculum built up during November, the copper-sprayed plants always had less disease than the untreated plants.

scholarly journals Ocimum campechianum Mill. from Amazonian Ecuador: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Extracts and Their Main Constituents (Eugenol and Rosmarinic Acid)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Massimo Tacchini ◽  
Monica Paulina Echeverria Guevara ◽  
Alessandro Grandini ◽  
Immacolata Maresca ◽  
Matteo Radice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Scavenger Activity

The essential oil (EO), the methanolic (MeOH), and the 70% ethanolic (70% EtOH) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Ocimum campechianum Mill. (Ecuador) were chemically characterized through gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array-mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS) and studied for their in vitro biological activity. The radical scavenger activity, performed by spectrophotometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, highlighted significant IC50 values for the EO, extracts and their main constituents (eugenol and rosmarinic acid). EO (and eugenol) showed noteworthy activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and a moderate effect against clinical Candida strains, with possible synergism in association to fluconazole against the latter microorganisms. The extracts and pure molecules exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against the HaCat cell line and no mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, giving indication of safety. Instead, EO showed a weak activity against adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549). The above-mentioned evidence leads us to suggest a potential use of the crude drug, extracts, and EO in cosmetic formulation and food supplements as antioxidant agents. In addition, EO may also have a possible application in plant protection and anti-Candida formulations.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi. [Distribution map].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New York ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi (Sackett) Young, Dye & Wilkie. Hosts: Pea (Pisum sativum) and other Apiaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Asia, India, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Armenia, Kirghizistan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Europe, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Voronezh, Moldavia, Switzerland, UK, England, Yugoslavia, North America, Bermuda, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, New York, South America, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay.

Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5052 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
GILLIAN W. WATSON ◽  
DAVID OUVRARD
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insect ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Plant Parasites ◽  
Plant Sap

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) are obligate plant parasites feeding on plant sap; some are damaging pests in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Despite their economic importance, the scale insects found in continental Africa have not been extensively studied and the keys for identifying them are incomplete and scattered through the literature in several languages. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the African scale insect fauna. As a first step towards their identification, we provide a key to the 23 families currently known from continental Africa, based on slide-mounted adult females, covering Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kermesidae, Kerriidae, Kuwaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Margarodidae, Matsucoccidae, Micrococcidae, Monophlebidae, Ortheziidae, Phoenicococcidae, Pseudococcidae, Putoidae, Rhizoecidae and Stictococcidae.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document