The effects of single-axis and multi-axis training systems on cumulative yield and nut quality of ‘Barcelona’ and ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ in two different agroecological zones in southern Chile

2018 ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
M. Ellena ◽  
A. González ◽  
P. Sandoval ◽  
F. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Southern Chile ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Agroecological Zones

scholarly journals Canopy Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of 'Royal Gala' Apple Trees Grown for Eight Years in Five Tree Training Systems

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Hampson ◽  
Harvey A. Quamme ◽  
Robert T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Slender Spindle

In 1993, a planting of virus-free 'Royal Gala' apple (Malu×domestica Borkh.) on 'M.9' rootstock was established at Summerland, B.C., Canada, to determine whether angled-canopy training systems could improve orchard tree performance relative to slender spindles. The trees were trained in one of five ways: slender spindle (SS), Geneva Y-trellis (GY), a modified Solen training we called 'Solen Y-trellis' (SY), or V-trellis (LDV), all at the same spacing (1.2 m × 2.8 m), giving a planting density of 2976 trees/ha. In addition, a higher density (7143 trees/ha) version of the V-trellis (HDV) was planted to gauge the performance of this system at densities approaching those of local super spindle orchards. The plots were drip-irrigated and hand-thinned. No summer pruning was done. After 8 years, differences among training systems at the same density and spacing were small and few. The two Y-shaped training systems had 11% to 14% greater cumulative yield/ha than the SS, but did not intercept significantly more light at maturity. No consistent differences occurred in fruit size or the percentage of fruit with delayed color development among the four training systems at the same density. Relative to the LDV, the HDV yielded less per tree, but far more per hectare, particularly in the first 3 years. After 8 years, the cumulative yield/ha was still 65% greater than with LDV. Yield efficiency was unaffected by tree density. Fruit size on HDV ranked lowest among the systems nearly every year, but was still commercially acceptable. The HDV intercepted more light (73%) than SS (53%). The percentage of fruit with delayed color development in HDV was not significantly different from that for LDV in most years. The trees in HDV were difficult to contain within their allotted space without summer pruning. The substantially similar performance of all the training systems (at a given density, and with minimal pruning) suggests that cost and ease of management should be the decisive factors when choosing a tree training method.

The Development of a Myoelectric Training Tool for Above-Elbow Amputees

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R Dawson ◽  
Farbod Fahimi ◽  
Jason P Carey
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Myoelectric Prostheses ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation

The objective of above-elbow myoelectric prostheses is to reestablish the functionality of missing limbs and increase the quality of life of amputees. By using electromyography (EMG) electrodes attached to the surface of the skin, amputees are able to control motors in myoelectric prostheses by voluntarily contracting the muscles of their residual limb. This work describes the development of an inexpensive myoelectric training tool (MTT) designed to help upper limb amputees learn how to use myoelectric technology in advance of receiving their actual myoelectric prosthesis. The training tool consists of a physical and simulated robotic arm, signal acquisition hardware, controller software, and a graphical user interface. The MTT improves over earlier training systems by allowing a targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) patient to control up to two degrees of freedom simultaneously. The training tool has also been designed to function as a research prototype for novel myoelectric controllers. A preliminary experiment was performed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the MTT as a learning tool and to identify any issues with the system. Five able-bodied participants performed a motor-learning task using the EMG controlled robotic arm with the goal of moving five balls from one box to another as quickly as possible. The results indicate that the subjects improved their skill in myoelectric control over the course of the trials. A usability survey was administered to the subjects after their trials. Results from the survey showed that the shoulder degree of freedom was the most difficult to control.

scholarly journals Performance of ‘Eragil’ peach trees grown on different training systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Alison Uberti, Clevison Luiz Giacobbo
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Training System ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Leader Training ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Training And Pruning

The aim of this study was to evaluate phenology aspect, vigor, production and quality of ‘Eragil’ peach trees grown under different training and pruning systems. Evaluations were carried out during two seasons, 2015/16 and 2016/17. Fruit tree training and pruning systems ‘Open Center’ (3.5 × 5.0 m), ‘Ipsilon’ (1.5 × 5.0 m) and ‘Central Leader’ (0.8 × 5.0 m) were used. Phenology, vegetative growth (vigor) and yield were evaluated. ‘Central Leader’ plants showed a higher productivity and productive efficiency. ‘Open Center’ plants had a greater vigor and yield per plant, however had a lower yield by unit area. Plants with ‘Y’ shape were intermediates between ‘Open Center’ and ‘Central Leader’ in relation of the evaluated variables. ‘Central Leader’ training system can be used for peach orchards in order to increase yield and productivity indexes.

Evaluating the Quality of Italian Local Vocational Training Systems

Evaluation ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Di Battista ◽  
Luisa Palomba ◽  
Alberto Vergani
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Training Systems

scholarly journals Etude de l’effet de Cercospora oryzae Miyake sur la qualite des grains du riz et le developpement de la ternissure

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-451
Author(s):  
Hervé B. Soura ◽  
Simplice L. Gnancadja-Andre ◽  
Martine Zandjanakou-Tachin ◽  
Christophe Gandonou ◽  
Farid A.K. Baba-Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Teneur En Eau ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Conservation Marketing

La cercosporiose due à Cercospora oryzae est un champignon pouvant causer des pertes allant jusqu'à 60%. Elle est de plus en plus fréquente en Afrique de l'Ouest. Les premières prospections réalisées au sud du Bénin ont indiqué que Cercospora oryzae a une contribution large puisqu’elle a affectée 85% des champs de riz des trois zones agroécologiques du sud Bénin. Cette étude vise principalement à contribuer à la connaissance détaillée des effets de Cercospora oryzae sur les grains afin d’optimiser la conservation, la commercialisation et la production. Elle a consistée a : i) évaluer les effets de Cercospora oryzae sur le pouvoir germinatif des grains, ii) évaluer les effets de Cercospora oryzae sur le développement de la ternissure. L’étude a combiné des outils physiologiques et phytiatriques. Au terme des travaux, les variétés testées ont enregistré une bonne teneur en eau pour un minimum de 6%, ainsi qu’un bon taux de germination. A la fin de l’étude nous avons pu constater que Cerocpora oryzae entrainait une baisse du pouvoir germinatif des grains, une altération de la graine blanche et une décoloration de l’enveloppe. Ces résultats constituent une étape d’un travail de recherche approfondi sur la caractérisation (agronomique et génétique) de Cercospora oryzae afin de proposer des méthodes de luttes. Mots clés : Pouvoir germinatif, décoloration, altération, Cercospora oryzae, riz.   English Title: Study of the effect of Cercospora oryzae Miyake on the quality of rice grains and the development of tarnishSigatoka caused by Cercospora oryzae is a fungus that can cause losses up to 60%. It is more and more frequent in West Africa. The first surveys carried out in the south of Benin indicated that Cercospora oryzae has a large contribution since affected 85% of the rice fields of the three agroecological zones of southern Benin. The main objective of this study is to contribute to detailed knowledge of the effects of Cercospora oryzae on grains in order to optimize conservation, marketing and production. It consisted in: i) evaluating the effects of Cercospora oryzae on the germination power of the grains, ii) evaluating the effects of Cercospora oryzae on the development of tarnish. The study combined physiological and phytiatric tools. At the end of the work, the varieties tested recorded a good water content for a minimum of 6%, as well as a good germination rate. At the end of the study we could see that Cerocpora oryzae did not cause a drop in the germinative power of the grains but rather resulted in an alteration of the white seed and a discoloration of the envelope. These results constitute a stage of an in-depth research work on the characterization (agronomic and genetic) of Cercospora oryzae in order to propose methods of struggle.Keywords: Germination, discoloration, deterioration, Cercospora oryzae, rice.  

scholarly journals Response of `Chardonnay' Grapevines to Training and Crop Control

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 800G-801
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Zabadal ◽  
Gary R. VanEe ◽  
Thomas W. Dittmer ◽  
Richard L. Ledebuhr
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Intermediate Response ◽  
Cluster Compactness ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Growing Conditions

Growing conditions in Michigan can threaten the yield and acceptable fruit quality of `Chardonnay' grapevines. Three grapevine training systems, mid-wire cordon (MWC), umbrella kniffin (UK), and a combination of the two (MWC-UK) were evaluated under Michigan growing conditions to determine their influence on yield, fruit quality, cluster compactness, incidence and severity of Botrytis bunch rot, and trellis fill. Vines were grown on C3309 rootstock and pruned to 44 nodes per kilogram of cane prunings. The MWC-UK treatment had an additional 30 nodes per vine retained, and the crop level on these nodes was removed after fruitset. Over a 2-year period, UK and MWC-UK trained vines had fruit soluble solids about 1 °Brix higher and yields were 48% and 63% higher than MWC trained vines, respectively. MWC-UK trained vines consistently out-performed MWC trained vines for all variables measured, while UK-trained vines provided an intermediate response.

scholarly journals Harvesting Semidwarf Freestanding Apple Trees with an Over-the-row Mechanical Harvester

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Peterson ◽  
S.S. Miller ◽  
J.D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Mechanical Harvester

Three years of mechanical harvesting (shake and catch) trials with two freestanding apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars on a semidwarf rootstock (M.7a) and two training systems (central leader and open center) yielded 64% to 77% overall harvesting efficiency. Mechanically harvested `Bisbee Delicious' apples averaged 70% Extra Fancy and 10% Fancy grade, while two `Golden Delicious' strains (`Smoothee' and `Frazier Goldspur') averaged 40% Extra Fancy and 13% Fancy grade fruit. Mechanically harvesting fresh-market-quality apples from semidwarf freestanding trees was difficult and its potential limited. Cumulative yield of open-center trees was less than that of central-leader trees during the 3 years (sixth through eighth leaf) of our study. `Golden Delicious' trees generally produced higher yields than `Delicious' trees.

scholarly journals Post-storage sensory quality of apple varieties

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kókai ◽  
P. Sass ◽  
M. Erdélyi
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Sensory Tests

The changing situation of apple production in Hungary has given rise to a great demand for new varieties. Besides bearing capacity, fruit quality and suitability for new training systems, consumer preference is one of the grower's main considerations. Growers need reliable information in order to choose the appropriate variety, so consumer tests have become essential. Altogether, 1 I traditional and new varieties were involved in this project. In the first part of the experiment, panelists ranked the coded samples according to their appearance. In the second part, apples were cut into unpeeled slices and the samples were also coded. The assessors were asked to taste them and rank them again. The sensory tests were held after three different storage periods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document