scholarly journals Bile Acids as a New Type of Steroid Hormones Regulating Nonspecific Energy Expenditure of the Body (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
P.P. Zagoskin ◽  
E.I. Erlykina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Type

Genetic defects in sterol synthesis, absorption, and degradation into bile acids

2011 ◽  
pp. 1673-1676
Author(s):  
Stefano Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sterol Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
And Function

Cholesterol is the most abundant steroid in animals. Not only is it a vital constituent of cell membranes, where it establishes proper membrane permeability and fluidity, but it is also the immediate metabolic precursor of all known steroid hormones and bile acids. Synthesized de novo in cells or absorbed from the diet, cholesterol circulates in the body in association with lipoproteins and is ultimately degraded into bile acids by the liver. Every perturbation of the numerous enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism leads to impairment in the development and function of the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, skeletal, and nervous systems.

scholarly journals Physiology and Physical Chemistry of Bile Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara di Gregorio ◽  
Jacopo Cautela ◽  
Luciano Galantini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Supramolecular Aggregates ◽  
Biological Field

Bile acids (BAs) are facial amphiphiles synthesized in the body of all vertebrates. They undergo the enterohepatic circulation: they are produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, released in the intestine, taken into the bloodstream and lastly re-absorbed in the liver. During this pathway, BAs are modified in their molecular structure by the action of enzymes and bacteria. Such transformations allow them to acquire the chemical–physical properties needed for fulling several activities including metabolic regulation, antimicrobial functions and solubilization of lipids in digestion. The versatility of BAs in the physiological functions has inspired their use in many bio-applications, making them important tools for active molecule delivery, metabolic disease treatments and emulsification processes in food and drug industries. Moreover, moving over the borders of the biological field, BAs have been largely investigated as building blocks for the construction of supramolecular aggregates having peculiar structural, mechanical, chemical and optical properties. The review starts with a biological analysis of the BAs functions before progressively switching to a general overview of BAs in pharmacology and medicine applications. Lastly the focus moves to the BAs use in material science.

Kropparnas poesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Anna-Klara Bojö
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Literary History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type

The Bodies’ Poetry: Eva Runefelt, Eva Ström and Swedish Poetry in the Late 1970’s In the mid 1970’s a new type of poetry, associated with the body, emerged in Sweden. Especially young women writers appeared to take Swedish poetry in new aesthetic directions, exploring questions regarding experience and language. This article focuses on two prominent writers, Eva Runefelt and Eva Ström, and discusses how their different types of poetry can be said to be a bodies’ poetry, and how it was discussed in contemporary literary critique. It also reflects on why this strand of poetry has been granted such a peripheral place in literary history.

Enhanced surface hydrophilicity of polylactic acid sutures treated by lipase and chitosan

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (16) ◽  
pp. 3291-3302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqiang Liu ◽  
Mingfang Liu ◽  
Gaihong Wu ◽  
Xiaofang Zhang ◽  
Juanjuan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Absorbable Sutures ◽  
Surgical Sutures ◽  
New Type ◽  
Enhanced Surface

Polylactic acid (PLA) surgical sutures are a new type of absorbable sutures that can be degraded and absorbed in the body. However, there is high hydrophobicity for the surface of PLA sutures, which leads to poor biocompatibility and cellular affinity. In order to increase the hydrophilicity, the PLA sutures were etched by lipase firstly, and then grafted with chitosan. The results indicate that the optimal conditions of treating PLA sutures by lipase were as follows: 45℃ reaction temperature, 4.5 g/L concentration of lipase and 8 h reaction time. The sutures were etched by lipase and then formed some grooves and a number of hydroxyl (-OH) bonds, which led to increased surface area and hydrophilicity, but a drop in mass and strength. The optimal conditions of grafting chitosan onto PLA sutures were as follows: 4 h reaction time and 3 g/L concentration of chitosan. The chitosan grafted and loaded on the surface of PLA sutures, and in some areas of the sutures the chitosan reunited, which led to a rough surface and large friction coefficient. Finally, the hydrophilicity of the PLA sutures, treated by lipase and then grafted with chitosan, was greatly improved.

scholarly journals Falsification of content: decadence and simplification as the extreme forms of internal protest of the heroines of M. V. Krestovskaya’s novella “The Outcry”

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Anna Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
New Type

This article examines novella by Maria Krestovskaya “The Outcry” (1900) in the context of reception of the phenomenon of decadence in Russian literature of turn of the XIX – XX centuries. This novella by the mostly forgotten writer, who in her works refers mostly to the female topics (love, family, and profession), is currently of particular interest from the perspective of reflection of cultural trends of that time. A “typical female story” about the unhappy marriage, aimed against the power of money, insincerity and lack of freedom, puts decadence to the forefront of narration as a cultural emblem of the era, revealing the inner motifs and mechanism, which led one of the heroines to an ostentatiously decadent behavior. A contrasts form of protest against the bourgeois world in the novella is the ideology of simplification. The scientific novelty of the conducted research is defined by paucity of research on the works of M. V. Krestovskaya, and absence of special works within the modern literary studies dedicated to her writing heritage. The author’s contribution consists in introduction of novella “The Outcry” into the extensive Russian-European cultural and historical-literary context, as well as its analysis from the perspective of worldview trends and aesthetic influences of the late XIX – early XX centuries. The research proves that this text, which is not the only resort of M. V. Krestovskaya to a new type of here of the “end of century”, can be justifiably attributed to the body of work devoted to the heroes-decadents.

scholarly journals Intimacy and its violation: on the experience of illness in contemporary women's poetry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Morzyńska-Wrzosek
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Women's Poetry ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Body Boundary ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experience Of Illness ◽  
Subjective Identity

This article discusses selected aspects of the problem of self-perception by a sick individual, specific to the poetry of Polish women of the last few decades. The aim of the analysis is to show that the body is central to the illness experience and that a new type of intimacy appears in connection with its ailment. This is a „clinical intimacy”, the specificity of which is defined by a confrontation with suffering, the proliferation of the feeling of isolation, the intensity of emotions related to making the body public, its discovery and exposure in a hospital setting. The issue of „gender expropriation” in a marginal situation is also important, as is the scar, wound, physical violation of the body boundary, read as the „punctum” of the patient's body. The interpretation emphasises the individualization of artistic representations of the aforementioned aspects of „clinical intimacy”. The anthropological research perspective adopted in the sketch allows for the diagnosis of the subject matter in the context of the process of shaping subjective identity.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of the body mass index (BMI) values on the behavior of human energy expenditure

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugiono Sugiono ◽  
Sudjito Suparman ◽  
Teguh Oktiarso ◽  
Willy Satrio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Rest Heart Rate ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Human Energy

Employee durability is a critical factor to improve a company performance. Company management must control employee health conditions. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of office worker’s BMI variation on human energy expenditure behavior including the recovery process. This study started with literature reviews of BMI, human biology, energy expenditure, and physiology ergonomics. The data was collected randomly from 126 nonphysical office workers in productive ages from 20 to 40 years old. The BMI, resting heart rate, activity heart rate, and recovery heart rate of all respondents then recorded. The results shows that the respondents BMI scores are classified into underweight (BMI <18.5) with totaling = 4%, healthy weight (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 22.9) = 34.1%, light obesity (23 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9) = 23%, medium obesity (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9) = 29.4%, and weight obesity (BMI> 30) = 9.5%. The underweight class has the lowest average rest heart rate = 68.6 bpm and the overweight class has the highest average rest heart rate = 84.6 bpm. Consequently, heart rate during activity for each class from underweight to overweight is 88.4 bpm, 90.9 bpm, 93.3 bpm, 95.1 bpm, and 98.6 bpm. With the same order, the heart rate reduction percentage during the recovery phase is 4.6%, 11.0%, 13.1%, 16.0%, and 8.8%. In brief, the BMI variation strongly correlated with Time to Recovery (TTR) of nonphysical office workers.

Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation

Nature ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 439 (7075) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Sander M. Houten ◽  
Chikage Mataki ◽  
Marcelo A. Christoffolete ◽  
Brian W. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Bile Acids

Emotion Gesture Art

Leonardo ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Eunjung Han ◽  
Chee-Onn Wong ◽  
Keechul Jung ◽  
Kyung Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
User Modeling ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Art Installation ◽  
Emotional Feeling ◽  
New Type ◽  
System Prototype

Emotion gesture art is a new type of user modeling and representation in a form of aesthetic art. It consists of a unique combination of color, sound and animation (shape) that in itself creates the same emotional feeling for spectators. Emotion gesture art takes the body posture expression and remaps the communication of emotions into an aesthetic representation. This paper also presents an emotion gesture art installation (eG-art), a system prototype for affective computing. This installation will allow a smart blend of a system for affective computing with aesthetic art representation.

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