Delírios e deleites: leitura dos diálogos de Machado de Assis com John Milton em Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas / Deliriums and Delights: the reading of the dialogues of Machado de Assis with John Milton in Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas

Resumo: Os textos de Machado de Assis e principalmente seus romances estabelecem muitos diálogos com diferentes escritores e tradições. Entretanto, a forma que Machado de Assis escolheu para se referir ao poeta inglês do século XVII, John Milton, no seu romance, Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, merece uma atenção cuidadosa. Nesse romance, o autor brasileiro também se refere a Milton, mas não de maneira direta ou nomeada; ao contrário, as alusões a Milton são indiretas, criando uma composição textual com o poeta inglês e o convidando, de maneira ausente, a também fazer parte da narrativa. Machado de Assis, na elaboração dos delírios e deleites de Brás Cubas, reflete sobre seu ato de composição e estabelece diálogos também com o poeta inglês, como uma tentativa de proliferar sentidos da obra de Milton, mais especificamente Paradise Lost, no contexto literário brasileiro. Esses diálogos serão analisados com base na ideia de dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin (1973, p. 39) que é constitutivo da intertextualidade e desvia o foco das noções de autoria, causalidade e finalidade, e o “texto passa a ser visto como uma absorção de e uma resposta a um outro texto”. Assim, é pertinente dizer que Machado de Assis absorve elementos de composição do universo miltoniano e responde a eles nas Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, revivendo, em sua criação literária, suas experiências como leitor desse poeta inglês.Palavras-chave: Machado de Assis; Brás Cubas; dialogue; Milton.Abstract: The texts of Machado de Assis and mainly his novels established many dialogues with different writers and traditions. However, the way Machado de Assis chose to refer to the English poet of the seventeenth century, John Milton, on his Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, demands a careful observation. In this novel, the Brazilian writer refers to Milton but not in a direct manner; on the contrary, the allusions to Milton are indirect, creating a textual composition within the English poet and inviting him, in an absent way, to be also part of the narrative. It seems that Machado de Assis, in the elaboration of Brás Cubas’s deliriums and delights, reflects upon his act of composition and establishes a textual dialogue with the English poet, as an attempt to proliferate the meanings of Milton’s oeuvre, more specifically Paradise Lost, in the Brazilian literary context. These dialogues will be analyzed based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s studies on the idea of dialogism, which is a constituent of the concept of intertextuality and deviates the focus on the notions of authorship, causality and finality, with writing working “as a reading of the anterior literary corpus and the text as an absorption of and reply to another text” (1973, p. 39). Thus, it is possible to say that Machado de Assis absorbs some elements of composition from Milton’s creative universe and answers him on his Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, reviving them in his literary creation and in his experiences as a reader of the English poet.Keywords: Machado de Assis; Brás Cubas; dialogue; Milton.

Literary Tourism

This chapter aims at understanding travelers' literary experience in “The Museum of Innocence,” which is known as a museum based on a book that was written by Orhan Pamuk. To reach the purpose, a qualitative research approach was adopted in this study, and online reviews posted by visitors of the museum were used to explore the main components of their experience in a literary context. The collected data was examined through content analysis. As a result of analysis, visualization, a sense of nostalgia, awe, and memorable components were revealed. These components were interpreted in different ways by visitors. Theoretical and practical implications were provided as well as limitations for future research lines.

Between tradition and modernity: Lauddin and his “Story of the Young Captain” (commented translation and research article)

The publication (a research article and Russian translation) deals with the earliest specimen of Malay documentary prose, the memoirs of a non-professional author Lauddin, who came from a prosperous merchant family. The book describes actual historical events, which took place in the mid 18th century: the dramatic rivalry between the Dutch and the British in the Java and Sumatra regions. This rivalry was crucial for Lauddin’s fate as that of his father and brothers. In terms of its content, Lauddin's work can certainly be considered innovative. At the same time, a truthful story about events in which he himself was a witness or participant is built according to the laws of the Malay epic narrative. The book traces parallels with such classics as the “Chronicle of the Kings of Pasai”, “Malay Annals”, and “The Tale of Hang Tuah”. Thus, Lauddin shows that he sticks to the canon and, willingly or unwillingly, includes his memoirs in the traditional literary context.

Figurações da solidão em Viver com os outros, de Isabel da Nóbrega e Os íntimos, de Inês Pedrosa / Figures of solitude in Living with others, by Isabel da Nóbrega and The Intimates, by Inês Pedrosa a

Resumo: O presente trabalho investiga os romances Viver com os outros (1964), de Isabel da Nóbrega e Os íntimos (2010), de Inês Pedrosa demonstrando como a solidão integra a figuração das personagens. Na introdução, aproxima as obras tendo em atenção a organicidade do romance português contemporâneo, conforme proposto por Miguel Real (2012), e enfatiza a presença da solidão no cotejo entre os dois livros. Após, analisa a configuração dos protagonistas Ana e Afonso com base na figuração dos sujeitos ficcionais segundo Carlos Reis (2018). Por fim, aponta a solidão como característica na composição das personagens em ambos os romances, consideradas as particularidades de cada obra e o contexto socioliterário no qual se inserem. Além disso, defere que a “solidão ontológica”, de acordo com Alexandre P. Torres (1967) é tema da literatura portuguesa que, por seu turno, se ressignifica para representar os individualismos do homem contemporâneo, conforme Benilde J. Caniato (2007). Palavras-chaves: Viver com os outros; Os íntimos; personagem; solidão; Ana; Afonso.Abstract: The present essay investigates the novels Living with Others (1964), by Isabel da Nóbrega and The Intimates (2010), by Inês Pedrosa, demonstrating how loneliness integrates the figuration of the characters. To this purpose, in the introduction, it approaches the books taking into account the organicity of the contemporary Portuguese novel, as proposed by Miguel Real (2012), and emphasizes the presence of loneliness in the comparison between the two books. Then, it analyzes the configuration of the protagonists Ana and Afonso based on the figuration of fictional subjects according to Carlos Reis (2018). Finally, it points to loneliness as a characteristic in the composition of the characters in both novels, considering the particularities of each one and the socio-literary context in which they are inserted. Furthermore, it defers that “ontological loneliness”, according to Alexandre P. Torres (1967) is a theme of Portuguese literature that, in turn, resignifies itself to represent the individualisms of contemporary man, according to Benilde J. Caniato (2007).Keywords: Living with others; The intimates; character; solitude; Ana; Afonso.

Dialogue of Cultures in the Early Lyrics of the Udmurt Poet Flor Vasiliev

The article is devoted to the analysis of lyrics by Flor Vasiliev (1934–1978) which is a new page in the history of Udmurt Soviet poetry. The young poet went beyond the generally accepted standards thanks to the rich literary context. This article is devoted to the study of the early lyrics of Flor Vasilyev in the aspect of the dialogue of cultures. The subject of analysis is poems written in the early 1960s. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe literary contacts with representatives of different cultures. The method of analysis is comparative studies. The result of the study is as follow: Flor Vasiliev introduces the names Remarque, Picasso, Grieg, Rembrandt into his poems to depict the general cultural atmosphere of Russia in the 1950s – 1960s, the poet follows the tradition of Russian pop lyrics. Interest in impressionism (Renoir and others) helps to hone style when portraying landscapes and the inner world of the hero. Irony begins to play a large role in the poems of early Flor Vasiliev, the poet learns in this direction from Heinrich Heine. Thus, thanks to the dialogue of cultures, there is a transition from «loud» to «quiet lyrics», humanistic traditions raise the poetry of Flor Vasiliev to a new qualitative level.

Syro-Uigurica III: Enochic Material in a Christian Text from Turfan

This article examines a fragmentary Christian text from Turfan written in Uyghur which contains an embedded Syriac magical text intended to be used for corralling a horse. Aft er giving a transcription and translation of the Syriac passage and setting it in its literary context, including the role of amulets and other magical texts in the history of Syriac Christianity, the article discusses the angelic name Saraqael found in the Syriac extract, in an effort to trace the origins of the text. Excurses are given on the book of I Enoch and the Book of Giants, the first because the angelic name is found in it, the second because of its connections with the Aramaic and Central Asian cultural zones. The article then examines another text where the angelic name occurs, the Pishra de-Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa, before discussing possible links to other Syriac amulets and incantation bowls.

Sharwīn of Dastabay: Reconstructing an early Persian Tale

The article discusses a little-known lost Persian tale, The Story of Sharwin of Dastabay, and traces references to it in Arabic, Persian, and Byzantine sources. The earliest references to the story come from the mid- to late eighth century, and it seems to have remained well known in Arabic and Persian literature until the early twelfth and possibly the early fourteenth century, while Byzantine literature shows that at least some of its elements circulated already in the mid-sixth century. The article also discusses how the story may have been transmitted both in Iran and, crossing the linguistic boundary, in an Arabic context. Though much of the story remains unknown, it is clear that it relates to later epics and reveals something of the literary context of Firdawsi and his Shahname.

MORAL IDEAL-BASED QUR`AN INTERPRETATION ACCORDING TO SHĀṬIBĪ’S CONCEPT OF MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ’AH

The interpretation of the Qur`an has been frequently subjected to exploring legal aspects of verses, regardless of their underlying ethical bases. The goals of Islamic doctrines called as maqāṣid al-sharī'ah provide ethical judgements that can be functioned for this sake. Unfortunately, they have been applied just for legal formulation. This article employs Fazlur Rahman’s theory of distinction between legal-specific and moral-ideal of Qur`anic doctrines. This perspective will be used to analyze moral dimensions of Shāṭibī’s maqāṣid. In this article, it will be argued that the moral principles extracted from these goals can be functioned as the paradigm for interpreting the Qur`an. There are two models of moral value-based interpretation that can be developed. The first is ethical-historical interpretation. This interpretation aims to understand the verses of the Qur'an in the light of a historical context as the starting point, not only based on background or reason behind the verse that respond the historical situation, but also based on the moral message extracted from these ends. The second is the ethic-contextual interpretation. It is an interpretation that is projected to respond current issues by applying three interacting sides; present situations, the literary context, and the ideal-moral paradigm drawn from these ends.

A Philological Study of the Reflexive-Possessive Use of Personal Pronouns in the Fourth Gospel

This study provides a philological analysis of all the occurrences of personal pronouns with reflexive-possessive meaning in the Gospel of John. Here, the author argues that the Gospel highly conforms to the rule of Classical Greek that the deictic force of the article suffices to identify the possessor when it is clear in the literary context who the possessor is. This high conformity enables the author to specify in which cases personal pronouns are strictly necessary to indicate the possessor and where they are redundant. Exegetical case studies (e.g., John 6:52) illustrate the implications of this study for the interpretation of the Gospel.

A brief overview of literary Darwinism and a Darwinian perspective on The Road by Cormac McCarthy

The first section of this paper presents in general terms the main ideas of literary Darwinism represented by Joseph Carroll, Jonathan Gottschall and other scholars concerning theory (literature as an adaptation) and interpretative practice. It also reviews the key arguments of this literary school’s critics focusing on the papers of Jonathan Kramnick and William Deresiewicz. The second section is an attempt at applying Darwinian methodology to the interpretation of The Road by Cormac McCarthy taking into account its reception, style, the behavioural systems (survival, parenting, and cognitive activity), the literary context and the author’s point of view.