Objects of Portable Art from a Bronze Age Cemetery at Tourist-2

Author(s):  
N. V. Basova ◽  
◽  
A. V. Postnov ◽  
A. L. Zaika ◽  
V. I. Molodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
В.А. Трифонов ◽  
Н.И. Шишлина ◽  
А.Ю. Лобода ◽  
В.А. Хвостиков

В статье приведены результаты всестороннего анализа уникального бронзового крюка с антропоморфными фигурками из дольмена эпохи ранней бронзы (прибл. 3200–2900 до н. э.) у ст. Царская (совр. Новосвободная) на Северо-Западном Кавказе. Установлено, что предмет отлит из мышьяковой бронзы по технологии утрачиваемой восковой модели, является крюком для вынимания мяса из котла и входит в набор церемониальной посуды для общественной трапезы. Изображения пары обнаженных мужчин, стоящих в боксерской стойке, представляют сцену ритуального поединка в присутствии или в честь божества, чьим атрибутом являются бычьи рога, на которых соперники стоят. Предмет в целом ассоциируется с темой погребального пира и погребальных игр. Вероятно, что сюжет и иконография изображений восходят к канонам храмового шумерского искусства раннединастического, а возможно, и более раннего времени. Адаптация этой темы в майкопской культурной среде объясняется ее принадлежностью к кругу культур самой северной периферии переднеазиатской цивилизации. Пара фигур, изображенная на крюке из Царской, является самым ранним образцом антропоморфной металлической мелкой пластики на Кавказе и, видимо, самым ранним в мире скульптурным изображением кулачного поединка. The paper reports on the results of comprehensive analysis of a unique bronze flesh-hook featuring anthropomorphic figures from an Early Bronze Age dolmen (ca. 3200–2900 BC) near the village of Tsarskaya (contemporary Novosvobodnaya) in the Northwest Caucasus (fig. 1). It was established that the flesh-hook was cast from arsenical bronze with the use of the lost wax method and was used to take meat out of a cauldron and, therefore, it entered a ceremonial table-ware set used in public feasts. The depicted pair of naked men in boxing stand (fig. 2; 3) represents a scene of ritual fight in the presence of or in honor of a deity whose attribute are bull horns (fig. 4), on which fighters are standing. As a whole, the item is associated with the theme of a funeral feast and funeral games. The narrative scene and iconography of the images are likely to have its roots in the canons of Sumerian temple art of the Early Dynastic period and, probably, even of the earlier time (fig. 5). The adaptation of this narrative to the Maikop cultural milieu is explained by its attribution to the circle of cultures located in the northernmost periphery of the Western Asia civilization. Two figures depicted on the Tsarskaya fleshhook represent the earliest example of anthropomorphic portable art in the Caucasus and the earliest sculptural image of fist fighting in the world.


Author(s):  
A. V. Tetenkin ◽  
O. V. Zhmur ◽  
E. I. Demonterova ◽  
E. V. Kaneva ◽  
N. V. Salnaya

One of the most important recent discoveries made on the Vitim River (Baikal-Patom plateau, Eastern Siberia) is that of a Paleolithic dwelling at Kovrizhka IV, layer 6. It reveals markers of symbolic activity, such as two anthropomorphic ivory figurines. They were associated with a likewise non-utilitarian context: reiterating boulder and slab pavements, ocher on lithics, on a figurine, and around, evidence of manipulations with the central hearth in the dwelling. One of the figurines shows a triangle pointing downward and possibly rendering the pubes, as in female figurines. Stylistically it resembles Neolithic and Bronze Age anthropomorphic figurines from the Baikal area. Its head, painted with ocher, was directed eastwards. The second ivory figurine has a contour barely reminiscent of the human body. There is no engraving on it. Near its head, a cluster of ocher pieces was found. The radiocarbon date of the dwelling is ca 15.7 ka BP. The two figurines and a fragment of a graphite pendant are the first objects of portable art to be found in the area north of Lake Baikal. The first figurine is thus far the only unambiguously anthropomorphic Upper Paleolithic representation from northeastern Siberia.


Author(s):  
А.Л. Заика ◽  
Н.В. Басова ◽  
А.В. Постнов

Статья вводит в научный оборот уникальный предмет мобильного искусства с антропоморфными и зооморфными образами из могильника эпохи бронзы, обнаруженного на поселении Турист-2. Предмет имеет собственную стилистику, вобравшую в себя художественные мотивы, присутствующие в изображениях каракольской, самусьской, окуневской археологических культур, и получившую в дальнейшем свое развитие в кулайской культуре. Вместе с тем рассматриваемая пластика образов настолько самобытна, что представляет отдельное направление искусства, неизвестное до настоящего времени. В статье проанализирован археологический контекст находки, высказаны предположения об утилитарных и художественных функциях предмета, проведен структурно-семантический анализ образов. The paper introduces a unique object of portable art with anthropomorphous and zoomorphic images from the Bronze Age burial ground found at the Tourist-2 settlement. The object has its own specific style which includes features of art of the Karakol, Samus and Okunev archaeological cultures of the Bronze Age and those that were further developed in the later Kulaika culture. At the same time, the peculiarities of the images under consideration are so original that represent a specific direction of the art which was unknown so far. The archaeological context of the object is analyzed the assumptions about its utilitarian and art functions are given, the structural-semantic analysis of images is carried out.


2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy M. Jones ◽  
Graeme Kirkham

South-west Britain—Cornwall, Devon and west Somerset—has featured little in discussions of British rock art. However, although it lacks the complex motifs found in northern Britain or the rich ornamentation of the Irish passage graves, it has a growing number of sites with simple cup-marks and stands at a pivotal location in the wider distribution of this form of rock art within north-west Europe. This paper considers the cup-mark tradition in south-west Britain and its wider European context, drawing attention to comparable traditions in western France, Wales, and south-west Ireland where simple cup-marks occur in analogous contexts. We propose a chronology for cup-marks in the south-west, from suggested Neolithic origins associated with rock outcrops and chambered tombs through to their use in Bronze Age barrows and subsequently roundhouses in the second millennium BC.


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
N. V. Basova ◽  
A. V. Postnov ◽  
A. L. Zaika ◽  
V. I. Molodin
Keyword(s):  

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