scholarly journals Deficits of Prospective Capacity as Possible Mechanism in Pathogenesis of Alcohol Dependence

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.D. Tuchina ◽  
D.I. Shustov ◽  
T.V. Agibalova ◽  
S.A. Shustova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Adult Children Of Alcoholics ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Children Of Alcoholics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Case Studies ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

The article presents a taxonomy of prospective capacity (PC) relying on the up-to-date understanding of its neurobiological and psychological mechanisms. The rationale for the existence of a dissociation between adaptive and maladaptive manifestations of explicit and implicit forms of PC rests on a study of clinical cases of alcohol-dependent patients (N=5) and adult children of alcoholics (N=1), who ap plied for outpatient psychotherapy of alcohol dependence or related issues. The patients underwent specific semi-structured interviews (Shustov et al., 2000; Johnsson, 2011); completed the Life Line method (Nurkova, 2000) and compiled genograms (McGoldrick et al, 2008). Based on the findings of clinical case studies, the authors have proposed that alcohol-dependent patients’ PC deficits that aggravate the course of alcohol dependence may relate to the existence of socially and culturally bound automatic prospective schemata, i.e. scripts that relate to specific states of self and actualize under uncertainty, stress and/or alcohol intoxication.

scholarly journals A Prospective Comparison of Bipolar I and II Subjects With and Without Comorbid Alcohol Dependence From the COGA Dataset

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich W. Preuss ◽  
M. N. Hesselbrock ◽  
V. M. Hesselbrock
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Prospective Comparison ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Objective: Comorbidity of alcohol use disorders in bipolar subjects is high as indicated by epidemiological and clinical studies. Though a more severe course of bipolar disorder in subjects with comorbid alcohol dependence has been reported, fewer studies considered the longitudinal course of alcohol dependence in bipolar subjects and the prospective course of comorbid bipolar II subjects. Beside baseline analysis, longitudinal data of the COGA (Collaborative Study on Genetics in Alcoholism) were used to evaluate the course of bipolar I and II disordered subjects with and without comorbid alcohol dependence over more than 5 years of follow-up.Methods: Characteristics of bipolar disorder, alcohol dependence and comorbid psychiatric disorders were assessed using semi-structured interviews (SSAGA) at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up. Two hundred twenty-eight bipolar I and II patients were subdivided into groups with and without comorbid alcohol dependence.Results: Of the 152 bipolar I and 76 bipolar II patients, 172 (75, 4%) had a comorbid diagnosis of alcohol dependence. Bipolar I patients with alcohol dependence, in particular women, had a more severe course of bipolar disorder, worse social functioning and more suicidal behavior than all other groups of subjects during the 5-year follow-up. In contrast, alcohol dependence improved significantly in both comorbid bipolar I and II individuals during this time.Conclusions: A 5-year prospective evaluation of bipolar patients with and without alcohol dependence confirmed previous investigations suggesting a more severe course of bipolar disorder in comorbid bipolar I individuals, whereas bipolar II individuals were less severely impaired by comorbid alcohol use disorder. While severity of alcohol dependence improved during this time in comorbid alcohol-dependent bipolar I patients, the unfavorable outcome for these individuals might be due to the higher comorbidity with personality and other substance use disorders which, together with alcohol dependence, eventually lead to poorer symptomatic and functional clinical outcomes.

Diagnosis of Depression in Alcohol Dependence: Changes in Prevalence with Drinking Status

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Antidepressant Treatments ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Abstinence From Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

BackgroundDepression and alcohol dependence are frequently found to co-exist but the relationship between these disorders requires further elucidation. This study tested several hypotheses related to the relevance of whether the diagnosis of depression was made before admission or after detoxification in the current episode for those with alcohol dependence.MethodThe Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) was administered to obtain Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) on 82 randomly selected alcohol dependent in-patients. Alcohol-related (Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ), alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems), socio-demographic variables and treatment for depression were assessed.ResultsFor the episode of drinking which led to admission, a diagnosis of major depression was found in the majority of patients (67%). Once detoxification from alcohol took place, only the minority (13%) met criteria for major depression.ConclusionsIt is suggested that depression is largely associated with the episode of drinking which led to admission in patients who are dependent on alcohol and may be due to the effect of chronic alcohol intoxication. Socio-demographic and alcohol-related characteristics appear to bear little relation to the presence of depression. Clinicians exercise appropriate judgement in not prescribing antidepressant treatments to patients whose depression may remit with abstinence from alcohol.

scholarly journals Influence of parental alcoholism on suicidal and personality-psychological characteristics of offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Baykova ◽  
Aleksey V. Merinov
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Adult Children Of Alcoholics ◽  
Children Of Alcoholics ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Parental Alcoholism ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Parental Figures

This article is a review of literature data, devoted to the influence of alcohol dependence of parents on the suicidal and personality-psychological characteristics of their offspring. Despite a decline of the incidence of alcohol dependence in the population, in Russia about 15-50% of families can say that they have encountered the problem of an alcoholized parent. Adult children of alcoholics (ACAs) are a fairly extensive, highly autoaggressive stratum of society. This group of people is the most dangerous in terms of the frequency of development in them of various kinds of addictions, as well as the likelihood of committing a suicidal attempt. The purpose of this review was to present modern ideas about the suicidality of adult children of alcoholics, their socio-cultural characteristics, personality and psychological characteristics; to demonstrate the degree of influence of addictive parental figures on the antivitality of offspring and its formation. The analysis of English and Russian literature is carried out. We have convincingly demonstrated that the ACAs represents a group with an elevated, relative to normative population, autoaggressiveness, inclination to parasuicidal patterns, with difficulties in building relationships with the society and finding a place in it. Conclusions were made about the inadequacy of the studies conducted, the lack of accurate data on the transgenerational mechanisms of autoaggressive transmission to offspring, the factors influencing the heterogeneity of the ACAs a population-species group, the need to take into account the gender of both parents and the ACAs themselves.

Alcohol Dependence in Adult Children of Alcoholics: Longitudinal Evidence of Early Risk

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Jennison ◽  
Kenneth A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Adult Children Of Alcoholics ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Children Of Alcoholics ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Comparative Probability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Familial Alcoholism

This study investigates familial alcoholism effects and the comparative probability of risk for alcohol dependence in adult children of alcoholics (ACAs) with a control group of non-ACAs. A cohort of 12,686 young adults from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) is examined over a five-year period and conventional and lineal intergenerational models of alcoholism transmission are assessed. The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses indicate that the risk is relatively greater for male ACAs; sons of alcoholics drink significantly more heavily, experience problems earlier, and develop alcohol dependence more extensively than female ACAs or non-ACAs of either gender. The extent of dependence found in subjects with a lineal history of alcoholism on the father's side of the family, as well as heavy drinking, cigarette smoking and drinking onset in adolescence should be considered as critical predisposing factors of high risk for dependence at later ages. These observations corroborate clinical studies and support a growing body of biopsychosocial research literature.

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