scholarly journals THERMAL DEGRADATION ANALYSIS OF WOOD TREATED WITH FIRERETARDANTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Igors Urbanovičs ◽  
Pēteris Mekšs ◽  
Gaļina Dobele
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Wood Pyrolysis ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
Degradation Analysis ◽  
Volatile Products

Fire hazard control in wooden constructions is very important. For this purpose, fire retardants are used, which change the thermodestruction of wood and reduce combustion. The aim of the present research project was to study and compare the fire–protective properties of fire-retardants and to explain the chemical process of pyrolysis, namely, degradation in treated and untreated wood. The influence of fire-retardants on the wood thermal stability and the amount of volatile products was estimated on the basis of thermal analysis results. The volatile products (above 50%) of the pyrolysis process were identified, and the mechanism of the influence of fire-retardants on wood thermodestruction was studied.The presence of toxic compounds, formed by pyrolysis, was evaluated. The results of the study have shown that analytical pyrolysis is a modern, precise method for identifying the toxic compounds of volatile products in processes of both wood pyrolysis and combustion. The application of analytical pyrolysis enables a prompt determination of the fire protection degree of building wood constructions.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF BTEX IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES: DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION OF TECHNOLOGIES AND ANALYTICAL METHODS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 431-439
Author(s):  
Helilma de Andréa PINHEIRO ◽  
Ana Paula Mota FERREIRA ◽  
Ismael Carlos Braga ALVES ◽  
Antônio Fernandes SANTOS JÚNIOR ◽  
Raquel Bezerra dos Santos SAWCZUK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
And Storage

The contamination of water and soil by petroleum hydrocarbons is reported quite frequently, mainly due to accidents involving transport and storage of fuels. Among the most toxic compounds the most volatile benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX). Residues of these compounds can cause serious environmental and public health troubles. Thus, more sensitive, selective and low-cost techniques, focused on the analysis and monitoring of these contaminants are being developed in order to establish operational control and to comply with local laws, but the intellectual property of such technologies is still unknown. The present study shows the panorama about patents, thesis and dissertations which have been already published on this theme. Together, the United States and China hold the largest number of patents, and most of thesis/dissertations describe methodologies for BTEX detection in water, although numerous environmental problems caused by oils in the soil had been reported. Also, the methods based on chromatographic techniques stand out in relation to the other techniques. It was possible to verify important advances in the field of sensors, especially the electrochemical ones, in order to solve the analytical gaps.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Heat Flux on the Fire Behavior of Engineered Wood Samples

Fire ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Denis Kasymov ◽  
Mikhail Agafontsev ◽  
Vladislav Perminov ◽  
Pavel Martynov ◽  
Vladimir Reyno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Charring Rate

This paper presents the experimental study results on the effect of heat flux emitted by a standard source on the charring and ignition characteristics of wood construction materials (plywood, chipboard, and oriented strand board) using infrared thermography (IRT) in the narrow spectral ranges of infrared wavelength. The time to ignition (TTI), charring rate and depth were obtained for the samples. In addition, the effect of several fire retardants on the charring rate and depth of the samples and TTI was analyzed. All fire retardants contribute to an increase in TTI, which confirms their main function—fire protection. However, the effect of fire retardants differs noticeably depending on the material. A new experimental technique is suggested, with the infrared imaging of the temperature distribution along the end of a sample under the heat flux effect on its frontal surface. The uniqueness of this approach consists in the registration of the entire process of ignition and combustion of the presented materials, which occurs in real time without contact with high spatial and temporal resolution. Using the infrared camera of the research class, it becomes possible to record the entire process from the occurrence of the temperature exposure region to the deep carbonized crater in the body of the material. The results can serve as additional recommendations in the development of fire hazard testing methods for construction materials and fire retardants.

Numerical modelling of a microreactor for thermocatalytic decomposition of toxic compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Jóźwik ◽  
Michał Karcz ◽  
Janusz Badur
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Knudsen Diffusion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Slip Boundary ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Thermocatalytic Decomposition

Numerical modelling of a microreactor for thermocatalytic decomposition of toxic compounds In this paper a three-dimensional model for determination of a microreactor's length is presented and discussed. The reaction of thermocatalytic decomposition has been implemented on the base of experimental data. Simplified Reynolds-Maxwell formula for the slip velocity boundary condition has been analysed and validated. The influence of the Knudsen diffusion on the microreactor's performance has also been verified. It was revealed that with a given operating conditions and a given geometry of the microreactor, there is no need for application of slip boundary conditions and the Knudsen diffusion in further analysis. It has also been shown that the microreactor's length could be practically estimated using standard models.

Analytical pyrolysis in the determination of the aging of polyethylene

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Schwarzinger ◽  
Ingrid Hintersteiner ◽  
Bettina Schwarzinger ◽  
Wolfgang Buchberger ◽  
Bernhard Moser
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Pyrolysis

scholarly journals Determination of Veld Fire Hazard Zones in Multiple Tenure Systems in Zimbabwe: Implications for Intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Maponga ◽  
Fethi Ahmed ◽  
Desmond Manatsa
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard

scholarly journals Conservation process of archaeological waterlogged wood studied by spectroscopy and gradient NMR methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kowalczuk ◽  
Adam Rachocki ◽  
Magdalena Broda ◽  
Bartłomiej Mazela ◽  
Graham A. Ormondroyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Nmr Methods

Abstract The properties of methyltrimethoxysilane-treated, waterlogged archeological elm wood were studied by magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. The spatially resolved proton density images, spin–spin relaxation profiles, proton NMR spectra, and self-diffusion coefficients of the preservative agents were measured during drying. The resolution of the data allowed for the differentiation between the early and late wood areas of the elm wood and determination of the shrinkage of the sample in the tangential and radial directions, and it showed the different dynamics of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) in the lumen cells of both early and late woods. The NMR spectra indicated that the MTMS, after rapid evaporation of ethanol, is bound to the wood. Identical measurements were also taken for the archeological elm wood treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and for an untreated wood sample. From the results, it can be concluded that MTMS showed significantly higher stability against shrinkage when compared to PEG. Therefore, it may be considered as an alternative preservative for archeological wood.

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