SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY UNDER THE ROME STATUTE AND ITS APPLICABILITY TO CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY: AN APPRAISAL

The doctrine of superior responsibility has been embedded in Article 28 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which enunciates the responsibility of both military commanders and civilian superiors. Although constitutional monarchs are civilians entrusted with the position of commanders in chief, there are States that opposed accession to the Rome Statute on the simple ground that their respective monarchs could be indicted and punished under the Rome Statute. The main objective of this paper, therefore, is to examine whether constitutional monarchs could be responsible under the doctrine of superior responsibility. The paper focuses on the analysis of the elements of superior responsibility by referring to the authoritative commentaries of Article 28 and constitutional practices of three selected constitutional monarchies: the United Kingdom, Japan, and Malaysia. The paper finds that constitutional monarchs could not be held responsible because they have to act on the advice of the government and do not possess the effective and operational control over the armed forces as required under the Rome statute.

Automation of ac electric-traction NetWare digital protective relay operational control

The widespread use of microprocessor-based digital protective relay from various manufacturers, the expansion of the programmable protective relay terminals’ functional composition, the lack of hardware, software and algorithmic support unification, problems of electromagnetic protection necessitate consideration of the issues of digital protective relay operational control automation [1-3]. The authors believe that the attention paid by operating services to the means and methods of the AC electric-traction netware protective relay Functional check is insufficient. Monitoring the correct protection functioning in real time when it is triggered by a short circuit makes it possible to identify all types of incorrect actions of the instrument units until the failure of the entire protection as a whole. The most common failures, such as “false response” and “unnecessary operation”, are detected with a probability close to unity [4-6]. The article discusses the principles of building a system of protective relay Functional check, applicable for all types of electric-traction netware protection that are currently in operation. Logical equations are given to identify incorrect actions of protective relay.

System of operational control of psychophysiological indicators of operators of hierarchical systems in making management decisions

A system of operational control of psychophysiological indicators of operators is presented. It includes a set of test methods for selecting psychologically compatible operators of high-responsibility systems. The selection of operators on a PC is carried out. The results of electronic protocols in narrative and graphical form are given. After that, the method of selecting psychologically compatible operators of highresponsibility systems is applied. It uses a mathematical model selection of PC-based operators using regression analysis. The coefficients of this model are taken as a selection criterion. The maximum permissible maximum criterion corresponds to the coefficient of the mathematical model of the work of operators with a relatively high level of professionally important qualities. And the maximum permissible minimum criterion corresponds to the coefficient of the mathematical model of the work of operators with a relatively average level of professionally important qualities. In future, the calculation is completed according to the developed algorithm for the selection of psychologically compatible operators. Operational control of the psychophysiological state (PFS) of operators is performed with the control support of marks from the target in optimal conditions using a hierarchical system of group tracking on the example of links of the automatic control system. As a criterion for assessing the stability of the PFS operators at the time of the control, the range of changes in the value of the RMS error when accompanying the control mark is taken.

Computational methods based on fuzzy control algorithms for operational control and identification of control systems in smart production

The problem of the functioning of complex technical systems is studied in this article. The authors consider the problem of structural and functional redundancy (the complexity of formalizing computational methods for dynamic and nonlinear systems used in modern industrial production). On the example of considering the structure of the climate control subsystem for a closed loop of an industrial unit, a fuzzy configurator model for controlling the operation of a refrigerator is formalized. It is reduced to: linearization of the reading of instantaneous temperatures from various loops of the considered control system, followed by fuzzification and antecedent analysis. Eventually this allows to implement a complex method of fuzzy control and calculation of structural redundancy in any configuration with a different probability ratio. The authors also raise the question of the comparability of the obtained data and application of the developed method as a tool for predictive analytics in technological processes of production management.

Operational control of the strength of safety parts limiting ultimate loads

A non-destructive method for determining the shear strength of parts based on the laws of elastoplastic penetration of an indenter into a test material is considered. Experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the method in practice. Keywords: non-destructive method, shear strength, elastoplastic contact, plastic hardness. [email protected]

Control of technological processes using a fuzzy controller of the system for management of cargo delivery by railway

Motives: One of the final indicators of service reliability of the transport system is the cargo delivery time, compliance of which is not yet controlled due to the lack of appropriate methods and tools of operational management. The concept of quality of assessment of cargo delivery, namely the reliability of compliance with the time obligations by transportation participants, is associated with the process modeling and the accuracy of determination of the estimated time of completion of each stage of the technological process of cargo delivery. Aim: The purpose of the study is to present the model of a fuzzy controller as a principle of forming of a railway process management system, which is based on the possibility to operate with linguistic representations of elements. Results: A new solution to an important problem is obtained – the formation of managerial influence using a fuzzy controller for management of technological processes of cargo delivery by rail at the current level of requirements for the efficiency of transportation organization. The usage of the offered method provides a solution to the problems of operational control practice in the formation of tools for operational control of technological processes for the railway dispatcher unit.