scholarly journals Determination of Veld Fire Hazard Zones in Multiple Tenure Systems in Zimbabwe: Implications for Intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Maponga ◽  
Fethi Ahmed ◽  
Desmond Manatsa
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard

scholarly journals THERMAL DEGRADATION ANALYSIS OF WOOD TREATED WITH FIRERETARDANTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Igors Urbanovičs ◽  
Pēteris Mekšs ◽  
Gaļina Dobele
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Wood Pyrolysis ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
Degradation Analysis ◽  
Volatile Products

Fire hazard control in wooden constructions is very important. For this purpose, fire retardants are used, which change the thermodestruction of wood and reduce combustion. The aim of the present research project was to study and compare the fire–protective properties of fire-retardants and to explain the chemical process of pyrolysis, namely, degradation in treated and untreated wood. The influence of fire-retardants on the wood thermal stability and the amount of volatile products was estimated on the basis of thermal analysis results. The volatile products (above 50%) of the pyrolysis process were identified, and the mechanism of the influence of fire-retardants on wood thermodestruction was studied.The presence of toxic compounds, formed by pyrolysis, was evaluated. The results of the study have shown that analytical pyrolysis is a modern, precise method for identifying the toxic compounds of volatile products in processes of both wood pyrolysis and combustion. The application of analytical pyrolysis enables a prompt determination of the fire protection degree of building wood constructions.

The Distance Determination of Fire Hazard In Forests

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Troitsky ◽  
V.N. Ambarnikov ◽  
A.N. Elagim ◽  
N.F. Podkovko ◽  
Yu.K. Shestopalov
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Distance Determination

scholarly journals NUMERICAL SIMULATION MODELLING OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN THE PROCESS OF COAL SELF-HEATING IN THE MINED-OUT SPACES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (446) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
N. M. Suleimenov ◽  
Sh. K. Shapalov ◽  
G. S. Sattarova ◽  
В. О. Sapargaliyeva ◽  
S. B. Imanbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Arbitrary Point ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Individual Indicator ◽  
Underground Method ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes

Researches of thermodynamic processes of oxidation, self-heating and self-ignition of coal are necessary for studying of dependence of terminal parameters on a set of the influencing factors. In practice of coal mining by the underground method cases of coal self-ignition in the mined-out spaces of production units (lavas) are frequent. In this case one of the tasks consists in determination of temperature in arbitrary point of the nubbly-porous medium of the mined-out space. Need of the solution of this difficult task is caused by the probability of emergency situations in places with the explosive concentration of methane. It is possible that for each seam and grade of coal it is necessary to develop, substantiate and accept an individual indicator for assessing the state of fire hazard. It is proposed to systematize and methodically process the results of field measurements and observations on the analyzed and investigated cases of endogenous fires in problem areas of mines in order to create basin databases for subse- quent operational decisions in emergency situations.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTITY OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL IN CABLE PRODUCTS IN THE PROCESS OF FIRE SAFETY TESTING

Fire Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Rudyk ◽  
V. M. Shunkin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Combustible Material ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Normative Documents

Introduction. In order to protect objects from dangerous manifestations of fire of cable products, electrical lines are designed and projected in accordance with the fire-protection requirements and the normative documents. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze this problem in several areas concerning the situation with a systematic approach to the technical regulation in Ukraine of such a sector of fire safety as the requirements for cable-wiring lines. Methods. Methods of research: calculations using a mathematical model; comparison of the results of the calculation, forecasting of the boundary parameters of the technical condition and monitoring of the cable material properties; examination, qualification, definition of indicators of fire safety of cables and wires in the composition of the electrical grids of buildings, structures, foundations and metal structures, taking into account laying conditions. Different methods for volume and mass calculating, fire tests of electrical and fiber optic cables were applicated. Tests of vertically arranged wires or cables laid in beams on the vertical propagation of the flame (Category A F / R, Category A, Category B) were conducted. Results. The experimental study of the installation parameters test and indicators of fire safety for cable-wiring products in their vertical laying that reduce the overall fire safety level of facility electric power operation were conducted. Critical analysis of the current state of development was done. The basis of the fire safety requirements for standardization of cable lines were formulated. The measures for testing methods implementation with description of these methods were proposed. Conclusion. Determination of the combustible material quantity by volume and by mass is not regulated in the current normative documents on fire safety, although this criterion is often used precisely when establishing requirements for fire safety: to buildings, cable installations, to the installation of fire automatics systems and to others. A method for calculating the volume of combustible material for determining the fire risk of cable-conductive products is proposed. The method can be used during designing of wiring lines and during their exploitation. Experimental researches of fire hazard indicators of cable-wiring products were conducted; their group of flame distribution was installed. The method of determining the quantity of combustible material by volume, by mass and with testing of mass loss of combustible material was applied.

FEATURES OF THE COPPER(II) CARBONATE INFLUENCE ON AN INFLAMMABILITY OF EPOXY-AMINE COMPOSITES

Fire Safety ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
P. Pastuhov ◽  
O. Lavrenyuk ◽  
B. Mykhalitchko ◽  
V. Petrovskii
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Ignition Point ◽  
Chemical Binding ◽  
Epoxy Amine ◽  
Coordination Bonds

Introduction. Inflammation susceptibility and the nature of combustion are one of the most important characteristics for the parametrization of the fire hazard of polymer materials. Because ignition is the occurrence process of the persistent flame near the surface of the material, which is preceded by the process of propagation of the flame front on its surface, the predisposition to ignition of the polymer materials plays an important role in the aspect of initiation of fires. A comparative evaluation of inflammation susceptibility of substances of different nature was carried out basing the determination of the ignition point and self-ignition point. Purpose. The work aims to determine the peculiarities of the influence of copper(II) carbonate on the increase of ignition point and self-ignition point of epoxy-amine composites. Metods. The experimental determination of the ignition point and self-ignition point was carried out according to all-Union State Standard 12.1.044-89 (4.7, 4.9 items). Toward this end, three samples of the test material were prepared with a weight of 3 g. Before testing, samples were conditioned in air. Results. Data on the effect of copper(II) carbonate on the value of ignition point and self-ignition point of the epoxy-amine composites indicate that the epoxy-amine-based composite, cured by the traditional amine hardener (PEPA), has lowest temperature of the ignition  and self-ignition. The temperture values of ignition and self-ignition increase as the content of copper(II) carbonate increases in the composite, measuring up a maximum value at 80 g of CuCO3 per 100 g of binder. It is proved that the reason for the increase of the ignition temperature and self-ignition temperature of the modified epoxy-amine composites is the appearance of strong coordination bonds that are formed due to the chemical binding of the combustible polyethylenepolyamine with the non-combustible inorganic salt (with copper(II) carbonate). The measured values of the ignition point and self-ignition point of the amine hardener (PEPA) of the epoxy-diane oligomer indicate that it is able to ignite at temperature 136ºC, and self-ignite at temperature 393ºС. After forming the chelate complex, the coordinated PEPA turns into a practically non-combustible substance. Conclusion. Consequently, the main factor that affects to make difficulty of ignition of organic nitrogen-containing substances is the efficient chemical binding N atoms of the combustible amine molecules with d-metal atom of the non-combustible inorganic salt, which is accompanied by the formation of sufficiently strong coordination bonds of the Cu(ІІ)¬N type. The resistance to ignition of the modified polymeric composites will depend on the binding strength of the copper(II) salt with an amine hardener. The mechanism of the fire retardant influence of the d-metal salts on combustion of the epoxy-amine-based composites consists in this. So, copper(II) compounds, in particular copper(II) carbonate, can successfully be used as the fire retardant additives enabling of efficiently lowering the fire hazard of synthetic polymers based on epoxy-amine composites.

scholarly journals Restrictions on the Use of Specimens Based on Magnesium and Titanium Nanocrystalline Oxides in Incidents Involving Uncontrolled Release of Hazardous Substances

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Tomasz Węsierski ◽  
Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka ◽  
Agata Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Nanocrystalline Metal ◽  
Prompt Action ◽  
Nanocrystalline Oxides ◽  
Chemical Events ◽  
Very High

Undertaking effective and prompt action during chemical events is an important measure in preventing the spread of contamination. Studies have shown that despite very high surface activity of nanocrystalline metal oxides, their use does not reduce the fire hazard for hydrocarbon spills and alcohols more effectively than commonly used sorbents during fire rescue operations. Other limitations of specimens containing nanocrystalline oxides have also been proven, such as the maximum absorption similar to commonly used specimens, as well as high costs of conducting the acid neutralization process without increasing the level of safety of operations. Results obtained allowed the determination of proposed principles of effective and economically appropriate application of nanocrystalline metal oxides in rescue units.

scholarly journals Gas Chromatographic Determination of Fatty Acids in Oils with Regard to the Assessment of Fire Hazard

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alica Bartošová ◽  
Tomáš Štefko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Self Heating

Abstract The aim of the paper was to study and research the application of processing gas chromatographic method for the rapid and accurate determination of the composition of different types of oils, such as substances with the possibility of an adverse event spontaneous combustion or self-heating. Tendency to spontaneous combustion is chemically characterized mainly by the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which have one or more double bonds in their molecule. Vegetable oils essentially consist of the following fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linoleic. For the needs of assessment, the fire hazard must be known, in which the double bond is present, as well as their number in a molecule. As an analytical method, GCMS was used for determination of oils content. Three types of oil were used - rapeseed, sunflower, and coconut oil. Owing to the occurrence of linoleic acid C18:2 (49.8 wt.%) and oleic acid C18:1 (43.3 wt.%) with double bonds, sunflower oil is the most prone to self-heating. The coconut and rapeseed oils contain double bond FAME in lesser amount, and their propensity to self-heating is relatively low.

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