Salivary Cortisol, Alpha-Amylase and Heart Rate Variation in Response to Dental Treatment in Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
NF Furlan ◽  
MBD Gaviäo ◽  
TS Barbosa ◽  
J Nicolau ◽  
PM Castelo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Treatment Situation ◽  
Dental Prophylaxis ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Minor

Anxiety and stress are usually related to the dental treatment situation. The objective was to investigate salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase levels (salivary biomarkers) and heart rate in children undergoing a minor dental procedure (dental prophylaxis). Study design. In total, 31 children (range 84-95 months) of both genders without caries or history of dental treatment/pain/trauma were selected. Three saliva samples were gathered: one prior to dental prophylaxis, one immediately after, and one ten minutes later. Weight and height were assessed, and heart rate was evaluated prior to and during the procedure. Data were analyzed by correlation tests and t-test/Wilcoxon (α = 0.05). Results. Higher cortisol and amylase levels were observed before prophylaxis compared to afterward. Cortisol and amylase levels did not show a significant correlation, nor did salivary biomarkers and body mass index. However, heart rate and amylase levels showed a significant positive correlation. Conclusions. In the studied sample, certain anticipation of the dental treatment was observed because higher cortisol and amylase levels were observed before, rather than after, the event; moreover, a significant correlation between amylase levels and heart rate was observed. Thus, salivary biomarkers may be a valuable tool for evaluating anxiety-producing events, such as dental treatment, in children.

scholarly journals Influence of a Suggestive Placebo Intervention on Psychobiological Responses to Social Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Zimmermann-Viehoff ◽  
Nico Steckhan ◽  
Karin Meissner ◽  
Hans-Christian Deter ◽  
Clemens Kirschbaum
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Subjective Stress ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Placebo Intervention

We tested the hypothesis that a suggestive placebo intervention can reduce the subjective and neurobiological stress response to psychosocial stress. Fifty-four healthy male subjects with elevated levels of trait anxiety were randomly assigned in a 4:4:1 fashion to receive either no treatment (n = 24), a placebo pill (n = 24), or a herbal drug (n = 6) before undergoing a stress test. We repeatedly measured psychological variables as well as salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and heart rate variability prior to and following the stress test. The stressor increased subjective stress and anxiety, salivary cortisol, and alpha-amylase, and decreased heart rate variability (all P < .001). However, no significant differences between subjects receiving placebo or no treatment were found. Subjects receiving placebo showed increased wakefulness during the stress test compared with no-treatment controls ( P < .001). Thus, the suggestive placebo intervention increased alertness, but modulated neither subjective stress and anxiety nor the physiological response to psychosocial stress.

scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers and Training Load During Training and Competition in Paralympic Swimmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Sinnott-O’Connor ◽  
Thomas M. Comyns ◽  
Alan M. Nevill ◽  
Giles D. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Paralympic Games

Context: Stress responses in athletes can be attributed to training and competition, where increased physiological and psychological stress may negatively affect performance and recovery. Purpose: To examine the relationship between training load (TL) and salivary biomarkers immunoglobulin A (IgA), alpha-amylase (AA), and cortisol across a 16-wk preparation phase and 10-d competition phase in Paralympic swimmers. Methods: Four Paralympic swimmers provided biweekly saliva samples during 3 training phases—(1) normal training, (2) intensified training, and (3) taper—as well as daily saliva samples in the 10-d Paralympic competition (2016 Paralympic Games). TL was measured using session rating of perceived exertion. Results: Multilevel analysis identified a significant increase in salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA: 94.98 [27.69] μg·mL−1), salivary alpha-amylase (sAA: 45.78 [19.07] μg·mL−1), and salivary cortisol (7.92 [2.17] nM) during intensified training concurrent with a 38.3% increase in TL. During the taper phase, a 49.5% decrease in TL from the intensified training phase resulted in a decrease in sIgA, sAA, and salivary cortisol; however, all 3 remained higher than baseline levels. A further significant increase was observed during competition in sIgA (168.69 [24.19] μg·mL−1), sAA (35.86 [16.67] μg·mL−1), and salivary cortisol (10.49 [1.89] nM) despite a continued decrease (77.8%) in TL from the taper phase. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that performance in major competition such as Paralympic games, despite a noticeable reduction in TL, induces a stress response in athletes. Because of the elevated stress response observed, modifications to individual postrace recovery protocols may be required to enable athletes to maximize performance across all 10 d of competition.

scholarly journals Salivary Cortisol, Salivary Alpha Amylase, and the Dental Anxiety Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Sadi ◽  
Matthew Finkelman ◽  
Morton Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between dental anxiety, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) levels. Furthermore, the aim was to look into individual differences such as age, race, gender, any existing pain, or traumatic dental experience and their effect on dental anxiety. This study followed a cross-sectional design and included a convenience sample of 46. Every patient was asked to complete the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and a basic demographic/dental history questionnaire. A saliva sample, utilizing the method of passive drooling, was then collected in 2-mL cryovials. Samples were analyzed for salivary cortisol and sAA levels by Salimetrics. Significant associations were observed between DAS scores and presence of pain and history of traumatic dental experience. However, no significant correlations were observed between DAS, cortisol, and sAA levels. Our study reconfirms that dental anxiety is associated with presence of pain and a history of traumatic dental experience. On the other hand, our study was the first to our knowledge to test the correlation between the DAS and sAA; nevertheless, our results failed to show any significant correlation between dental anxiety, cortisol, and sAA levels.

Comparing Dental Stress in New Child Patients and Returning Patients Using Salivary Cortisol, Immunoglobulin-A and Alpha- Amylase

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumer M Alaki ◽  
Ayman Safi ◽  
Soliman Ouda ◽  
Alaa Nadhreen
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Dental Chair ◽  
Child Patients ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
Waiting Area

Objectives: this study was aimed at comparing dental stress in children having their first dental visit to those returning for dental treatment using salivary biomarkers of stress including salivary cortisol (s-cortisol), Immunoglobulin-A (s-IgA) and alpha-amylase (s-α-amylase). Additionally, the study was aimed at monitoring the change in stress in new patients as they progressed from the waiting to the clinical areas. Study design: salivary samples were collected from 40 children who had not been to a dentist before and similar samples were collected from 40 children who were returning for completion of dental treatment. Salivary cortisol, s-IgA and s-α-amylase concentrations were obtained by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: salivary cortisol levels were higher for new patients at the waiting area compared to that at the dental chair (p=0.05). Salivary alpha-amylase significantly increased in new patients while being seated in the dental chair. Returning patients had higher s-α-amylase (p=0.001) and s-IgA (p=0.016) compared to new patients. Returning patients had the lowest level of s-cortisol when providers were faculty pediatric dentists than with students and interns (p=0.035). Conclusions: children coming in for their first dental visit may experience dental stress at the waiting area before being seated for dental examination. Returning children may experience higher levels of stress compared to new child patients possibly due to previous dental exposure.

scholarly journals Differential responses of salivary cortisol, amylase, and chromogranin A to academic stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256172
Author(s):  
Manita Tammayan ◽  
Nattinee Jantaratnotai ◽  
Praewpat Pachimsawat
Keyword(s):  
Oral Presentation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers

Salivary biomarkers have been widely used to help diagnose stress, anxiety, and/or depression. This study aimed to compare the responses of three commonly investigated salivary stress biomarkers that represent the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity (cortisol; sCort) and the sympathetic activity (alpha-amylase; sAA and chromogranin A; sCgA), using academic oral presentation as a model of stress. Twenty postgraduate dental students attended the seminar class as presenter and audience. The presenters’ performances were evaluated by the instructors suggesting more stress than the audience. The saliva was collected two times: before attending class and after an academic presentation (for presenters) or during the class (for audience). The pulse rates (PR) were also recorded. The results showed that the levels of all three biomarkers, as well as PR, were significantly higher in the presenter group compared with the audience group; however, the changes were most prominent with sCort and sAA (99.56 ± 12.76% for sCort, 93.48 ± 41.29% for sAA, 16.86 ± 6.42% for sCgA, and 15.06 ± 3.41% for PR). When compared between pre-post presentation, the levels of sCgA were not different, while those of sCort and sAA were significantly increased. These results suggest more sensitive reactivity to academic stress of sCort and sAA compared with sCgA and that the response of sCgA did not necessarily follow sAA pattern even though both are claimed to reflect the sympathetic activity. More studies are needed to elucidate the roles of sCgA in stress.

Calculation of Heart Rate Variation Owing to the Effect of Electromagnetic Fields Waves (EMF)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yahya H. ◽  
◽  
Ali Adil Turki ◽  
Ali H. F. Alnasraui ◽  
Qasim shaker K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Heart Rate Variation
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