scholarly journals Determinants of households’ choice of energy for lighting in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheshwar Giri ◽  
Binoy Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Clean Energy ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Multinomial Logit Regression ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Energy Choice

The paper identifies the determinants of energy choice for lighting in Nepal by applying a multinomial logit regression to a nationally representative set of household level data.  It has been found that the richer households use better quality source of energy, confirming the energy ladder hypothesis. The other significant determinants of energy choice for lighting in Nepal are: gender and education level of the heads of households, family size and proportion of dependent population in families, distance from the market and location of households. The paper suggests the utilisation of the potential of micro hydropower plants for supplying clean energy in the remote areas of Nepal.  

scholarly journals Adoption of Solid Biomass Fuel for Cooking: Implication on Health Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Martey
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Clean Fuel ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Solid Biomass Fuel ◽  
Solid Biomass

Abstract BackgroundThe Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) seven highlights the need to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Improving access to reliable and affordable modern energy for cooking have far-reaching benefits on human health. This study examines the relationship between the adoption of solid biomass fuel (SBF) for cooking and health outcomes.MethodsThe study used a nationally representative household-level data from a survey of 14,009 households in Ghana. For the econometric analysis, a biprobit model was employed to estimate the effect of SBF adoption on health outcomes.ResultsThe results show that adoption of SBF increases the probability of a household reporting ill-health and reporting frequently to a health facility by 25% each, respectively.ConclusionsThe findings of the study imply that ensuring affordability of clean fuel will enable households in developing countries to transition from traditional biomass to clean cooking fuels. Government programs and policies that aim at encouraging the use of clean fuel for cooking must target private occupants and homeowners.

Hasty Pudding Versus Tasty Bread: Regional Variations in Diet and Nutrition during the Industrial Revolution

2012 ◽  
pp. 9-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Horrell ◽  
Deborah Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Nutritional Score

Using parish-level information from Sir F.M. Eden's The state of the poor (1797) we can identify typical diets for the counties of England. These diets varied considerably and afforded very different standards of nutrition. We compute a nutritional score for this diet, paying attention to the presence of vitamins, minerals and micronutrients shown to be essential for health and growth in constructing this measure. Other information in the reports allows us to relate county-level nutrition to factors in the local economy. In particular we find nutrition was positively related to the availability of common land in the area and to women's remunerated work if conducted from home. Lack of common land and little local supply of dairy products also pushed households into buying white wheaten bread rather than baking their own wholemeal loaf. Replicating some of this analysis with household-level data confirms these results. Diet also maps onto stature: male convicts to Australia were significantly taller if they originated in a county with a more nutritious diet. This verifies the important impact of nutrition on stature and demonstrates the sensitivity of height as a measure of key aspects of welfare.

Middle and Below Living Standards: What Can We Learn from Beyond Income Measures of Economic Well-being?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marii Paskov ◽  
Joan E. Madia ◽  
Tim Goedemé
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter complements the income-based measures of living standards on which earlier chapters have focused by incorporating non-income dimensions of economic well-being into its analysis, including indicators of material deprivation, economic burdens, and financial stress. It analyses how working-age households around and below the middle of the income distribution fared in European countries in the years before, during, and after the Great Recession. Harmonized household-level data across the members of the EU are analysed to see whether the evolution of these various non-income measures present a similar or different picture to household incomes over time. To probe what lies behind the patterns this reveals, four quite different countries are then examined in greater depth. Finally, the chapter also explores the relationship between material deprivation for households around and below the middle and overall income inequality.

Who Makes a Compromise? Adopting Pledges in Czech Coalition Agreements

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-743
Author(s):  
Petra Vodová
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logit Regression

Translating party pledges into coalition agreements is a crucial goal of after-election coalition negotiations. Full adoption is the best result for the bargaining party, while limited adoption is a kind of compromise forced by coalition partners, and non-adoption can be seen as a defeat. The question of what undermines the compromise and defeat in coalition agreements is, however, rarely answered. This article formulates hypotheses concerning the effect of consensual pledges among coalition parties, and party and voter-issue salience on parties’ ability to adopt their pledges and adopt them fully or partially. The effect of party level characteristics is considered. The analysis is provided on a new dataset of narrow Czech coalition party pledges in three governments established after elections in 2006, 2010 and 2013. Multinomial logit regression is used for the statistical analysis.

scholarly journals The Effect of Social Behavior on Residential Water Consumption

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Daniel Morales Martínez ◽  
Alexandre Gori Maia
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Peer Effect ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Water

We analyze how residential water consumption is influenced by the consumption of households belonging to the same social group (peer effect). Analyses are based on household-level data provided by the Brazilian Household Budget Survey and use an innovative strategy that estimates the spatial dependence of water consumption while simultaneously controlling for potential sources of sample selectivity and endogeneity. The estimates of our quantile regression models highlight that, conditional on household characteristics, the greater the household water consumption, the greater the peer effect. In other words, the overconsumption of residential water seems to be influenced mainly by the behavior of social peers.

Prevalence and clustering of diarrhoea within households in India: some evidence from NFHS-4, 2015–16

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevin Vijayan ◽  
Mala Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

AbstractDiarrhoeal disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children and is usually measured at individual level. Shared household attributes, such as improved water supply and sanitation, expose those living in the same household to these same risk factors for diarrhoea. The occurrence of diarrhoea in two or more children in the same household is termed ‘diarrhoea clustering’. The aim of this study was to examine the role of improved water supply and sanitation in the occurrence of diarrhoea, and the clustering of diarrhoea in households, among under-five children in India. Data were taken from the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4), a nationally representative survey which interviewed 699,686 women from 601,509 households in the country. If any child was reported to have diarrhoea in a household in the 2 weeks preceding the survey, the household was designated a diarrhoeal household. Household clustering of diarrhoea was defined the occurrence of diarrhoea in more than one child in households with two or more children. The analysis was done at the household level separately for diarrhoeal households and clustering of diarrhoea in households. The presence of clustering was tested using a chi-squared test. The overall prevalences of diarrhoea and clustering of diarrhoea were examined using exogenous variables. Odds ratios, standardized to allow comparison across categories, were computed. The household prevalence of diarrhoea was 12% and that of clustering of diarrhoea was 2.4%. About 6.5% of households contributed 12.6% of the total diarrhoeal cases. Access to safe water and sanitation was shown to have a great impact on reducing diarrhoeal prevalence and clustering across different household groups. Safe water alone had a greater impact on reducing the prevalence in the absence of improved sanitation when compared with the presence of improved sanitation. It may be possible to reduce the prevalence of diarrhoea in households by targeting those households with more than one child in the under-five age group with the provision of safe water and improved sanitation.

scholarly journals Meat Demand Monitor during COVID-19

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Glynn Tonsor ◽  
Jayson Lusk ◽  
Shauna Tonsor
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Meat Demand ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
Hoarding Behavior ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Demand Changes

Meat products represent a significant share of US consumer food expenditures. The COVID-19 pandemic directly impacted both demand and supply of US beef and pork products for a prolonged period, resulting in a myriad of economic impacts. The complex disruptions create significant challenges in isolating and inferring consumer-demand changes from lagged secondary data. Thus, we turn to novel household-level data from a continuous consumer tracking survey, the Meat Demand Monitor, launched in February 2020, just before the US pandemic. We find diverse impacts across US households related to “hoarding” behavior and financial confidence over the course of the pandemic. Combined, these insights extend our understanding of pandemic impacts on US consumers and provide a timely example of knowledge enabled by ongoing and targeted household-level data collection and analysis.

How Mothers and Fathers Share Childcare

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Craig ◽  
Killian Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
National Study ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

In most families today, childcare remains divided unequally between fathers and mothers. Scholars argue that persistence of the gendered division of childcare is due to multiple causes, including values about gender and family, disparities in paid work, class, and social context. It is likely that all of these factors interact, but to date researchers have not explored such interactions. To address this gap, we analyze nationally representative time-use data from Australia, Denmark, France, and Italy. These countries have different employment patterns, social and family policies, and cultural attitudes toward parenting and gender equality. Using data from matched married couples, we conduct a cross-national study of mothers’ and fathers’ relative time in childcare, divided along dimensions of task (i.e., routine versus non-routine activities) and co-presence (i.e., caring for children together as a couple versus caring solo). Results show that mothers’ and fathers’ work arrangements and education relate modestly to shares of childcare, and this relationship differs across countries. We find cross-national variation in whether more equal shares result from the behavior of mothers, fathers, or both spouses. Results illustrate the relevance of social context in accentuating or minimizing the impact of individual- and household-level characteristics.

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