Macroprudential Policy and Household Leverage: Evidence from Administrative Household-Level Data

Using parish-level information from Sir F.M. Eden's The state of the poor (1797) we can identify typical diets for the counties of England. These diets varied considerably and afforded very different standards of nutrition. We compute a nutritional score for this diet, paying attention to the presence of vitamins, minerals and micronutrients shown to be essential for health and growth in constructing this measure. Other information in the reports allows us to relate county-level nutrition to factors in the local economy. In particular we find nutrition was positively related to the availability of common land in the area and to women's remunerated work if conducted from home. Lack of common land and little local supply of dairy products also pushed households into buying white wheaten bread rather than baking their own wholemeal loaf. Replicating some of this analysis with household-level data confirms these results. Diet also maps onto stature: male convicts to Australia were significantly taller if they originated in a county with a more nutritious diet. This verifies the important impact of nutrition on stature and demonstrates the sensitivity of height as a measure of key aspects of welfare.

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Middle and Below Living Standards: What Can We Learn from Beyond Income Measures of Economic Well-being?

10.1093/oso/9780198807056.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Marii Paskov ◽

Joan E. Madia ◽

Tim Goedemé

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Material Deprivation ◽

Living Standards ◽

Household Level ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Level Data ◽

Working Age ◽

Household Incomes ◽

The Relationship ◽

Economic Well Being

This chapter complements the income-based measures of living standards on which earlier chapters have focused by incorporating non-income dimensions of economic well-being into its analysis, including indicators of material deprivation, economic burdens, and financial stress. It analyses how working-age households around and below the middle of the income distribution fared in European countries in the years before, during, and after the Great Recession. Harmonized household-level data across the members of the EU are analysed to see whether the evolution of these various non-income measures present a similar or different picture to household incomes over time. To probe what lies behind the patterns this reveals, four quite different countries are then examined in greater depth. Finally, the chapter also explores the relationship between material deprivation for households around and below the middle and overall income inequality.

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The Effect of Social Behavior on Residential Water Consumption

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1184

Author(s):

Daniel Morales Martínez ◽

Alexandre Gori Maia

Keyword(s):

Water Consumption ◽

Spatial Dependence ◽

Regression Models ◽

Innovative Strategy ◽

Peer Effect ◽

Household Level ◽

Level Data ◽

Household Water ◽

Residential Water Consumption ◽

Residential Water

We analyze how residential water consumption is influenced by the consumption of households belonging to the same social group (peer effect). Analyses are based on household-level data provided by the Brazilian Household Budget Survey and use an innovative strategy that estimates the spatial dependence of water consumption while simultaneously controlling for potential sources of sample selectivity and endogeneity. The estimates of our quantile regression models highlight that, conditional on household characteristics, the greater the household water consumption, the greater the peer effect. In other words, the overconsumption of residential water seems to be influenced mainly by the behavior of social peers.

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Meat Demand Monitor during COVID-19

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11041040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1040

Author(s):

Glynn Tonsor ◽

Jayson Lusk ◽

Shauna Tonsor

Keyword(s):

Meat Products ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Household Level ◽

Meat Demand ◽

Pork Products ◽

Food Expenditures ◽

Hoarding Behavior ◽

Level Data ◽

The Us ◽

Demand Changes

Meat products represent a significant share of US consumer food expenditures. The COVID-19 pandemic directly impacted both demand and supply of US beef and pork products for a prolonged period, resulting in a myriad of economic impacts. The complex disruptions create significant challenges in isolating and inferring consumer-demand changes from lagged secondary data. Thus, we turn to novel household-level data from a continuous consumer tracking survey, the Meat Demand Monitor, launched in February 2020, just before the US pandemic. We find diverse impacts across US households related to “hoarding” behavior and financial confidence over the course of the pandemic. Combined, these insights extend our understanding of pandemic impacts on US consumers and provide a timely example of knowledge enabled by ongoing and targeted household-level data collection and analysis.

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Rural Households' Allocation of Remittance Income in Agriculture in Nepal

Global Journal of Agricultural and Allied Sciences ◽

10.35251/gjaas.2019.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Prem Bhandari

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Business Investment ◽

Household Level ◽

The Past ◽

Rural Migrant ◽

Level Data ◽

Fixed Assets ◽

Chitwan Valley ◽

Household Activities ◽

Rural Nepal

This paper examines the uses of remittances in various household activities by remittance-receiving households in rural Nepal. Specifically, this paper focuses on the allocation of (a) remittances in agriculture and other dimensions of household activities, and (b) whether there is any association between the amount of remittances received and the amount allocated by households to agriculture and other dimensions. This study utilizes the detailed household level data (n=139 remittance-receiving households) collected from the Chitwan Valley in 2014, a rural migrant-sending setting of southern Nepal that collected remittances received by households and remittance used in various household activities with monthly precision in the past 12 months. Using the multilevel multivariate OLS regression, the results showed that of the total amount of remittances used, farming (e.g. purchase of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides) received only about 3.1 percent. In contrast, a large proportion of remittance was used in buying fixed assets such as land, houses, and jewelry (27.1%), followed by food and vegetables (15.3%), savings and business investment (12.3%), loan payment (11.0%), education, (11.2%), and health (4.1%). Adjusted results from multivariate analysis (multilevel OLS) showed that the amount of remittances received by households was not significantly associated with its use in farming. However, the amount of remittances received was positively associated with the amount used in buying fixed assets, media (electronic) items, clothing, covering cultural expenses, paying utilities, and repaying debt. Implications from the findings are presented.

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Power to Choose? An Analysis of Consumer Inertia in the Residential Electricity Market

American Economic Journal Economic Policy ◽

10.1257/pol.20150235 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 192-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Ali Hortaçsu ◽

Seyed Ali Madanizadeh ◽

Steven L. Puller

Keyword(s):

Electricity Market ◽

Low Cost ◽

Consumer Surplus ◽

Retail Competition ◽

Search Frictions ◽

Cost Information ◽

Household Level ◽

Consumer Benefits ◽

Level Data ◽

Residential Electricity

Many jurisdictions around the world have deregulated utilities and opened retail markets to competition. However, inertial decision making can diminish consumer benefits of retail competition. Using household-level data from the Texas residential electricity market, we document evidence of consumer inertia. We estimate an econometric model of retail choice to measure two sources of inertia: search frictions/inattention and a brand advantage that consumers afford the incumbent. We find that households rarely search for alternative retailers, and when they do search, households attach a brand advantage to the incumbent. Counterfactual experiments show that low-cost information interventions can notably increase consumer surplus. (JEL D12, D83, L81, L94, L98, M31)

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Remittances and Income Smoothing

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.101.3.582 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 582-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes ◽

Susan Pozo

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Household Income ◽

Borrowing Constraints ◽

Income Smoothing ◽

Reverse Causality ◽

Income Volatility ◽

Household Level ◽

Level Data ◽

Main Motive

Due to inadequate savings and binding borrowing constraints, income volatility can make households in developing countries particularly susceptible to economic hardship. We examine the role of remittances in either alleviating or increasing household income volatility using Mexican household level data over the 2000 through 2008 period. We correct for reverse causality and endogeneity and find that while income smoothing does not appear to be the main motive for sending remittances in a non-negligible share of households, remittances do indeed smooth household income on average. Other variables surrounding income volatility are also considered and evaluated.

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The role of symptomatic presentation in influenza A transmission risk

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268816002740 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 145 (4) ◽

pp. 723-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. WARDELL ◽

K. PREM ◽

B. J. COWLING ◽

A. R. COOK

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Transmission Model ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Household Level ◽

Level Data ◽

Discrete Generation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Relative Infectivity

SUMMARYComputer models can be useful in planning interventions against novel strains of influenza. However such models sometimes make unsubstantiated assumptions about the relative infectivity of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, or conversely assume there is no impact at all. Using household-level data from known-index studies of virologically confirmed influenza A infection, the relationship between an individual's infectiousness and their symptoms was quantified using a discrete-generation transmission model and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. It was found that the presence of particular respiratory symptoms in an index case does not influence transmission probabilities, with the exception of child-to-child transmission where the donor has phlegm or a phlegmy cough.

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The smart, sustainable neighborhood

The Case For Women ◽

10.1108/cfw.2020.000023 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Robert Myers

Keyword(s):

Business Models ◽

New Technology ◽

Electric Utility ◽

Subject Area ◽

Graduate Courses ◽

Household Level ◽

Sustainable Technologies ◽

Level Data ◽

New Business ◽

Micro Grids

Study level/applicability Applicable to both undergraduate and graduate courses in managing technology or sustainability. Subject area Technology strategy. Business Model evaluation. Sustainable technologies. Case overview In this case study, gas and electric utility holding company Southern Company has embarked on an ambitious experiment to learn more about energy usage at a household level, as well as community scale microgrids. Every minute, 62 homes in Reynolds Landing upload appliance and electrical outlet level data to Southern Company. How can Southern Company use this vast amount of data to promote energy efficiency? Are microgrids a key to creating a more sustainable and resilient energy future? At a higher level, how can microgrids impact or change traditional power generation business models like those used by Southern Company? Expected learning outcomes 1. To explore why companies develop technologies that are counter to current business models. 2. To understand how new technology can lead to new business models for existing businesses. 3. To understand the drivers of company led R&D. 4. To discuss “technology push” applications. Where technology is developed and then a market or markets are sought. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Social implications Two parts here. The first is looking at sustainable energy solutions such as solar farms and micro-grids. The second is this case challenges students to ask how this research helps the 45% of consumers making less than $40,000/yr. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

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Economic Impact of Crop Diversification in North-East India: Evidence from Household-level Survey

10.48165/ijee.2021.57423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 104-109

Author(s):

Laishram Priscilla ◽

Priyajoy Kar ◽

Oinam Krishnadas ◽

Laitonjam Nivetina ◽

Ph Romen Sharma

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Crop Diversification ◽

Agricultural Growth ◽

Household Level ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Logit Estimation ◽

Level Data ◽

Working Age

The study used a large farm household level data to assess the economic impact of crop diversification and also identifies the factors influencing the extent of diversification in the north east region of India. The crop sector was found to be skewed towards specialization. The result of instrumental variable technique showed that crop diversification has a positively significant impact on the income among the households. Further, fractional logit estimation found that variables like family members in the working age group, landholding size, crop loss experience, extension contact, participation in training positively affected diversification. Irrigated area, access to institutional credit, etc negatively affected the same. Diversification towards high value crops may accelerate the agricultural growth of the region and improve the wellbeing of the farmers. Measures for improvement of basic infrastructural facilities and extension services for improving backward and forward linkages are required.

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