Middle and Below Living Standards: What Can We Learn from Beyond Income Measures of Economic Well-being?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marii Paskov ◽  
Joan E. Madia ◽  
Tim Goedemé
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter complements the income-based measures of living standards on which earlier chapters have focused by incorporating non-income dimensions of economic well-being into its analysis, including indicators of material deprivation, economic burdens, and financial stress. It analyses how working-age households around and below the middle of the income distribution fared in European countries in the years before, during, and after the Great Recession. Harmonized household-level data across the members of the EU are analysed to see whether the evolution of these various non-income measures present a similar or different picture to household incomes over time. To probe what lies behind the patterns this reveals, four quite different countries are then examined in greater depth. Finally, the chapter also explores the relationship between material deprivation for households around and below the middle and overall income inequality.

scholarly journals Does Gender Equality work for Sustainable Development in Central Africa Countries? Some Empirical Lessons

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Tchouassi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

It is commonly argued that Central Africa countries need economic growth andgender equality to ensure economic well-being and improve the living standards ofthe population. This paper, based on the Kuznets curve associated toenvironmental analysis, aims to analyze the relationship between gender equalityand sustainable development. The cross-sectional analysis, with data from 11countries in Central Africa in 2010, was used. Results find a positive correlationbetween gender equality and sustainable development. When the Multidimensionalpoverty index increases, environmental problems reduce, translating the role ofgender in sustainable development in all Central Africa countries.

Institutional Favoritism, Income, and Political Trust: Evidence from Jordan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Shamaileh ◽  
Yousra Chaábane
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Origin ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

What is the relationship between institutional favoritism, economic well-being, and political trust? Due to the role that East Bank tribes played in supporting the monarchy during the state’s formative years, Jordan has institutionalized a type of political discrimination that privileges East Bank Jordanians over Palestinian Jordanians. An empirical examination of the political institutions of the state reveals that such discrimination remains pervasive. It was subsequently theorized that institutional favoritism’s impact on political trust is conditional on income due to the greater salience of group identity among individuals with lower incomes. Regression analyses of survey data reveal a consistent negative correlation between political trust and income among East Bank Jordanians. There is little evidence of a substantively meaningful unconditional relationship between national origin and political trust.

Analysing SST 2.0 Tax Burden through the Element of Principle of Good Tax Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
Nur Erma Mohamed Jamel ◽  
Nadiah Abd Hamid ◽  
Sarini Azizan ◽  
Roshayani Arshad ◽  
Rani Diana Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Regressive Tax ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

Since the 70s, the focus of the Malaysian government on sustainable development is to improve the economic well-being of its society. In September 2015, Malaysia reaffirmed this commitment with the other United Nations countries by implementing the 2030 Agenda for 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on the bottom 40% of households (B40). Unfortunately, the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 1st April 2015, followed by Sales and Services Tax (SST) 2.0 on 1st September 2018 impacted all income groups especially B40. The public especially B40 claimed that indirect tax is regressive and burdensome (MIER, 2018). Hence, the present study aims to identify the existence of SST 2.0's tax burden assessing through the relationship between elements of guiding principles of good tax policy. Keywords: Sales and Service Tax, enforcement, regressive, tax burden, fairness.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Participation in Agritourism: Does It Affect the Bottom Line?

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjeong Joo ◽  
Aditya R. Khanal ◽  
Ashok K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Well Being

Agritourism is an alternative source of farm income. We examine farmers’ participation in agritourism activities to assess the impact of participation on farm household income and return to assets using a large farm-level survey. The results reveal that older, educated, and female operators are more likely to participate in agritourism. However, government subsidies and the population of the county are negatively correlated with agritourism. Of the types of farm operations examined, small-scale farms that involved agritourism generated the greatest household incomes and returns to assets. For operators of small farms, agritourism can boost the economic well-being of farm households.

scholarly journals The role of symptomatic presentation in influenza A transmission risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. WARDELL ◽  
K. PREM ◽  
B. J. COWLING ◽  
A. R. COOK
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Discrete Generation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relative Infectivity

SUMMARYComputer models can be useful in planning interventions against novel strains of influenza. However such models sometimes make unsubstantiated assumptions about the relative infectivity of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, or conversely assume there is no impact at all. Using household-level data from known-index studies of virologically confirmed influenza A infection, the relationship between an individual's infectiousness and their symptoms was quantified using a discrete-generation transmission model and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. It was found that the presence of particular respiratory symptoms in an index case does not influence transmission probabilities, with the exception of child-to-child transmission where the donor has phlegm or a phlegmy cough.

Economic Impact of Crop Diversification in North-East India: Evidence from Household-level Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Laishram Priscilla ◽  
Priyajoy Kar ◽  
Oinam Krishnadas ◽  
Laitonjam Nivetina ◽  
Ph Romen Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Household Level ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Logit Estimation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Working Age

The study used a large farm household level data to assess the economic impact of crop diversification and also identifies the factors influencing the extent of diversification in the north east region of India. The crop sector was found to be skewed towards specialization. The result of instrumental variable technique showed that crop diversification has a positively significant impact on the income among the households. Further, fractional logit estimation found that variables like family members in the working age group, landholding size, crop loss experience, extension contact, participation in training positively affected diversification. Irrigated area, access to institutional credit, etc negatively affected the same. Diversification towards high value crops may accelerate the agricultural growth of the region and improve the wellbeing of the farmers. Measures for improvement of basic infrastructural facilities and extension services for improving backward and forward linkages are required.

Technology Policy, Task Uncertainty and Organisational Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Dunk ◽  
Saeed J. Roohani
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Task Uncertainty ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Task Variability ◽  
Economic Well Being

AbstractFactors influencing organisational performance have attracted attention, both in the literature and in practice, as a means of responding to increasing market competition. One factor that may enhance performance is a technology policy and a number of organisations have implemented such policies. Technology policy proponents argue that a society's capacity for sustained technological innovation is crucial to its economic well being. The primary purpose of the present paper is to investigate the extent to which organisational performance is influenced by the use of a technology policy. Since the literature suggests that task difficulty and task variability may influence this relationship, the paper also examines these relationships. The results suggest there is an association between technology policy and performance and that this relation is influenced by task difficulty, but not task variability. The relationship between technology policy and performance seems to greater when task difficulty is high than it is when task difficulty is low.

Grandparent Coresidence and Family Well-Being

2014 ◽  
Vol 654 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Dunifon ◽  
Kathleen M. Ziol-Guest ◽  
Kimberly Kopko
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Research ◽  
Economic Well Being

U.S. children today have increasingly diverse living arrangements. In 2012, 10 percent of children lived with at least one grandparent; 8 percent lived in three-generational households, consisting of a parent and a grandparent; while 2 percent lived with a grandparent and no parent in the household. This article reviews the literature on grandparent coresidence and presents new research on children coresiding with grandparents in modern families. Findings suggest that grandparent coresidence is quite common and that its prevalence increased during the Great Recession. Additionally, these living arrangements are diverse themselves, varying by the marital status of the parent, the home in which the family lives, and the economic well-being of the family. Suggestions for future research are also proposed.

Impacts of off-farm employment on groundwater irrigation in North China

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yin ◽  
Qiuqiong Huang ◽  
Yumeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between groundwater irrigation and off-farm employment with a set of household level data collected in North China. The results provide evidence that off-farm employment reduces both time spent on irrigation in terms of total hours of irrigation and the amount of groundwater pumped. However, these effects have not resulted in losses of crop production. In fact, water productivity measured as output value produced per m3of groundwater pumped is higher among households with off-farm employment. These seemingly contradictory findings are explained by the increased use of water-saving technologies such as furrow irrigation, underground pipes and/or lined canals. These technologies reduce seepage losses during the conveyance of groundwater as well as during irrigation of the fields. As a result, less groundwater needs to be pumped to achieve the same level of groundwater irrigation application rate in the field.

The Relationship Between Credit Card Use Behavior and Household Well-Being During the Great Recession: Implications for the Ethics of Credit Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hunter ◽  
Claudia J. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Credit Card Use

This article uses a random digit dial probability sample (N = 328) to examine the relationship between credit card use behaviors and household well-being during a period of severe economic recession: The Great Recession. The ability to measure the role of credit card use during a period of recession provides unique insights to the study of credit behavior because of the knowledge that all respondents have the same macroeconomic constraint. Framed by the assumptions of the permanent income hypothesis and the life-cycle savings hypothesis, multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between credit card use behaviors and three measures of household well-being: emotional well-being, financial well-being, and general household financial condition.

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