scholarly journals How Repertoires Evolve: The Diffusion of Suicide Protest in the Twentieth Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
News Media ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Repertoire Of Contention ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Sacrifice

Although "repertoire of contention" is a ubiquitous term in the literature, the concept remains undertheorized and untested. The crucial implication, I argue, is that instances of a tactic belong to one or a few lineages, each radiating from a single invention and comprising a series of adoptions and repetitions. This implication is tested by examining suicide protest: killing oneself, without harming others, for a collective cause. The decline in cruel public punishment and the growth of news media increased the potential utility of this tactic. There were multiple inventions of suicide protest, but only in Japan was there a recognizable lineage in the early twentieth century. The sacrifice of a Vietnamese monk in 1963 created a model, which was adopted in many different countries for varied collective causes. Almost all subsequent acts can be traced—directly or indirectly—back to this origin.

scholarly journals Kavelin and Russian Liberalism

Slavic Review ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Field
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Almost All

Konstantin Dmitrievich Kavelin has long been regarded as both a leader and archetype of nineteenth-century Russian liberalism. It is not clear, however, what “liberal” and “liberalism” mean with reference to nineteenth-century Russia. Russian liberals of the early twentieth century, seeking to create a tradition for their movement, put the most diverse figures from the past in the liberal pantheon. Soviet historians, with somewhat more justice but the same kind of zeal, have sharply demarcated mid-century radicals, with, whom they sympathize, from the liberals. American historians of Russia tend to characterize as “liberal” almost anyone who tried to achieve social and political improvements by nonrevolutionary means. And almost all historians have resorted to the tautology whereby “liberalism” denotes the activities and doctrines of those public figures whom we know to be “liberals.”

Muslims in Ottoman Europe: Population from 1800 to 1912

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Population Numbers

Investigating the Muslim population of Ottoman Europe is the stuff of a demographer's nightmare. There is no lack of material to study; thousands of estimates of Balkan population were made throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Unfortunately, almost all of them were nonsense, the prejudiced guesses of nationalistic advocates or estimates made by travellers who felt a journey through a land provided enough information for accurate estimates of population numbers.

Queering Fashion in Hajji Baba: James Morier, Mirza Abul Hassan Khan, and the Crisis of Imperial Masculinity

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Humberto Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
News Media ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Celebrity Status ◽  
Gender Deviancy

James Justinian Morier’s The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan (1824) shaped orientalist stereotypes until the early twentieth century. Scholars have examined the novel’s racism separately from gender and class anxieties in the often-neglected sequel, The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan in England (1828). Reading these two novels jointly reveals a British imperial masculinity in crisis during a precarious period in Anglo-Persian relations: the embassy of Mirza Abul Hassan Khan Shirazi Ilchi from Qajar Iran to late Georgian Britain in 1809–10 and 1819–20. This essay argues that Abul Hassan’s celebrity status in the tabloid news media inspired Londoners to adopt Persian fashions queerly, their gender deviancy informing Morier’s fiction about a foppish cross-dressed upstart from Ispahan. I argue that Abul Hassan’s mediatized body drove Morier to satirize fashionable Englishmen as a foreign race, allowing him to claim British gentility. Less concerned with Persians than with their effeminate admirers in England, his satire suggests that the “Orient” was constituted by intersectional gender, class, and racial identities in flux.

An Historical Fable for Our Time: The Illicit Traffic in Morphine in the Early Twentieth Century

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Parssinen ◽  
Karen Kerner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
British Government ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Illicit Traffic ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

In the early twentieth century, British pharmaceutical manufacturers produced a massive amount of morphia, almost all of which ended up as a part of the illicit traffic in narcotic drugs between Europe and the Far East. This traffic became so immense that a reluctant British government was embarrassed into placing the manufacture and trade of narcotic drugs under regulation in the Dangerous Drugs Act (1920). The DDA reduced, but did not halt, the flow of drugs between Britain and the Far East. The trial and conviction of an international drug smuggler, H.M.F. Humphrey, in 1923, revealed some of the details of this illicit traffic, as well as the links between the smugglers and the drug manufacturers. The issues raised by this study have significance for a number of contemporary drug issues.

Some Polish Composers of To-Day

Tempo ◽  
1948 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Andrzej Panufnik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Group ◽  
Karol Szymanowski

It is ten years since KAROL SZYMANOWSKI died at fifty-four. He was the most prominent representative of the “radical progressive” group of early twentieth century composers, which we call “Young Poland.” In their manysided and pioneering efforts they prepared the fertile soil on which Poland's present day's music thrives.

V1214: Edward Loughborough Keyes: An Early Twentieth Century Leader In Urology

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 320-320
Author(s):  
Peter J. Stahl ◽  
E. Darracott Vaughan ◽  
Edward S. Belt ◽  
David A. Bloom ◽  
Ann Arbor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

New insights into the controversy surrounding marine biological laboratory (Marine Station) facilities in the Firth of Clyde in the early twentieth century

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
P. G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Marine Biological Laboratory ◽  
Biological Station ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Biological Laboratory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
Regius Professor ◽  
Adjacent Island

Three letters from the Sheina Marshall archive at the former University Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM) reveal the pivotal significance of Sheina Marshall's father, Dr John Nairn Marshall, behind the scheme planned by Glasgow University's Regius Professor of Zoology, John Graham Kerr. He proposed to build an alternative marine station facility on Cumbrae's adjacent island of Bute in the Firth of Clyde in the early years of the twentieth century to cater predominantly for marine researchers.

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