scholarly journals Thermodynamics of a gas of pedestrians: theory and experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. A97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Feliciani ◽  
Francesco Zanlungo ◽  
Katsuhiro Nishinari ◽  
Takayuki Kanda
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes

In this paper, we perform an experiment on the interaction of pedestrians in a chaotic environment and investigate the possibility to study its results using a thermodynamic model. In contrast to simple single-file unidirectional scenarios, where only distance and time are relevant to adjust walking speed, bidirectional cases are much more complex since pedestrians can perform evading manoeuvres to avoid collisions. To better understand collision avoidance in a bidimensional environment we designed a set of experiments where people need to move chaotically for the whole time. Trajectories of moving pedestrians were obtained by tracking their head position, but a method to obtain body orientation failed, thus limiting reliable information on average quantities, i.e. average density and speed. By analysing those data, we showed that equations for thermodynamic processes can be used to describe pedestrian dynamics from medium densities or a state where interaction distances are very small. To allow combining low density cognitive aspects of collision avoidance with semi-random motion at medium densities we also developed a microscopic simulation model inspired by physics. Results show that, after calibrations, the simulation model allows to reproduce the fundamental diagram of different studies despite the very simple rules implemented. This shows that describing the statistical nature of specific crowds requires a relatively small set of rules and research should focus on cognitive/psychological aspects which are essential for understanding crowds of people.

scholarly journals ACCESS TIME OF EMERGENCY VEHICLES UNDER THE CONDITION OF STREET BLOCKAGES AFTER A LARGE EARTHQUAKE

2016 ◽  
Vol III-4/W1 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
N. Hirokawa ◽  
T. Osaragi
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Emergency Vehicles ◽  
Fire Stations ◽  
Average Access Time ◽  
Alternative Routes

The previous studies have been carried out on accessibility in daily life. However it is an important issue to improve the accessibility of emergency vehicles after a large earthquake. In this paper, we analyzed the accessibility of firefighters by using a microscopic simulation model immediately after a large earthquake. More specifically, we constructed the simulation model, which describes the property damage, such as collapsed buildings, street blockages, outbreaks of fires, and fire spreading, and the movement of firefighters from fire stations to the locations of fires in a large-scale earthquake. Using this model, we analyzed the influence of the street-blockage on the access time of firefighters. In case streets are blocked according to property damage simulation, the result showed the average access time is more than 10 minutes in the outskirts of the 23 wards of Tokyo, and there are some firefighters arrive over 20 minutes at most. Additionally, we focused on the alternative routes and proposed that volunteers collect information on street blockages to improve the accessibility of firefighters. Finally we demonstrated that access time of firefighters can be reduced to the same level as the case no streets were blocked if 0.3% of residents collected information in 10 minutes.

A new collision avoidance model for pedestrian dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 038901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Ling Wang ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Hai-Rong Dong ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Bin Ning
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics

scholarly journals An Investigation Capability Model for Bidirectional Pedestrian Flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahmod Shuaib ◽  
Zarita Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Average Density ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Tactical Decision ◽  
Dynamics Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bidirectional Flow

<p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">The pedestrian traffic flow in bidirectional walkways is very crucial aspect influenced by the level of pedestrians’ decisions.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> In this article, the authors show that the simulated pedestrians walking based on crowd dynamics models of low level mechanism of navigation (operational level) are short-sighted in avoiding counter flow. Such limitation resulted in unrealistic formation of motion in bidirectional flow, that the movement is less systematic and the lanes are less coherent than what in real situation. To obtain a more representative model, the authors improve the investigation capability model as a tactical decision model to be incorporated into a crowd dynamics model to reproduce better formation of motion. This is accomplished by granting the pedestrians the ability to investigate the macroscopic behaviors in their investigation areas and make decisions for convenience flow. The new model considers the average density and flow inside such areas and models their effect on the pedestrians' decisions. Simulations are performed to validate the work qualitatively by tracing the behavior of the simulated pedestrians and studying the impact of this behavior on the self-organized phenomenon: lane formation. Furthermore, the fundamental diagram of bidirectional flow is reproduced and compared with experimental fundamental diagrams.</span></p>

Generating Driver Population for the Microscopic Simulation Model (CORSIM)

SIMULATION ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven I.-Jy Chien ◽  
Kyriacos C. Mouskos ◽  
Shoaib M. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Microscopic Simulation

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PEDESTRIAN FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAM ACROSS CULTURES

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
UJJAL CHATTARAJ ◽  
ARMIN SEYFRIED ◽  
PARTHA CHAKROBORTY
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Fundamental Relation ◽  
Statistical Measure ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Organization Behavior ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics

The relation between speed and density is connected with every self-organization phenomenon of pedestrian dynamics and offers the opportunity to analyze them quantitatively. But even for the simplest systems, like pedestrian streams in corridors, this fundamental relation is not completely understood. A comparison of data from literature shows that specifications in text books as well as measurements under various experimental conditions differ significantly. In this contribution it is studied whether cultural influences and length of the corridor can be the causes for these deviations. To reduce as much as possible unintentional effects, a system is chosen with reduced degrees of freedom and thus the most simple system, namely the movement of pedestrians along a line under closed boundary conditions. It is found that the speed of Indian test persons is less dependent on density than the speed of German test persons. Surprisingly the more unordered behavior of the Indians is more effective than the ordered behavior of the Germans. This may be due to differences in their self-organization behavior. Without any statistical measure one cannot conclude about whether there are differences or not. By hypothesis test it is found quantitatively that these differences exist, suggesting cultural differences in the fundamental diagram of pedestrians.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM WITH MICROSCOPIC SIMULATION MODEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu ERRAMPALLI ◽  
Masashi OKUSHIMA ◽  
Takamasa AKIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Bus Priority ◽  
Priority System

Validation of Generalized Delay Model for Oversaturated Conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 1572 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roelof J. Engelbrecht ◽  
Daniel B. Fambro ◽  
Nagui M. Rouphail ◽  
Aladdin A. Barkawi
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
Traffic Operations ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
The U.S

With today’s ever-increasing traffic demand, more and more signalized intersections are experiencing congestion for longer periods of time. To better quantify oversaturated conditions, it is necessary to accurately estimate oversaturation delay. The generalized delay model, proposed for inclusion in the next update of the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), is introduced here. The generalized delay model differs from the model in the 1994 edition of the HCM as it is sensitive to the duration of the analysis period and is not restricted to degrees of saturation less than 1.2. The TRAF-NETSIM microscopic simulation model was used to verify the generalized delay equation for oversaturated conditions. A simulation model was used, because it is extremely difficult to measure oversaturated delay in the field. The study was designed to cover as much of the domain of oversaturated traffic operations as possible. The variability in simulated delays was investigated, and an equation was developed to predict the standard deviation of oversaturated delay estimates. It was found that delays estimated by the proposed generalized delay model are in close agreement with those simulated by TRAF-NETSIM. On average, simulated delays are overestimated slightly, but the error is small compared with actual delays. The proposed generalized delay model is expected to provide a good estimate of actual oversaturation delays that occur in the field.

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