scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PEDESTRIAN FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAM ACROSS CULTURES

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
UJJAL CHATTARAJ ◽  
ARMIN SEYFRIED ◽  
PARTHA CHAKROBORTY
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Fundamental Relation ◽  
Statistical Measure ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Organization Behavior ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics

The relation between speed and density is connected with every self-organization phenomenon of pedestrian dynamics and offers the opportunity to analyze them quantitatively. But even for the simplest systems, like pedestrian streams in corridors, this fundamental relation is not completely understood. A comparison of data from literature shows that specifications in text books as well as measurements under various experimental conditions differ significantly. In this contribution it is studied whether cultural influences and length of the corridor can be the causes for these deviations. To reduce as much as possible unintentional effects, a system is chosen with reduced degrees of freedom and thus the most simple system, namely the movement of pedestrians along a line under closed boundary conditions. It is found that the speed of Indian test persons is less dependent on density than the speed of German test persons. Surprisingly the more unordered behavior of the Indians is more effective than the ordered behavior of the Germans. This may be due to differences in their self-organization behavior. Without any statistical measure one cannot conclude about whether there are differences or not. By hypothesis test it is found quantitatively that these differences exist, suggesting cultural differences in the fundamental diagram of pedestrians.

Self-Organization Behavior of Sub-Micron CdO Grains Grown during Vapour-Solid Transition

2008 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhong Zhang ◽  
Wei Qiang Wang ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Defects ◽  
Silicon Crystal ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Organization Behavior ◽  
Silicon Crystals ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
The Relationship

Various deposits of CdO grains were observed on the surface of N 100 silicon crystals heated at 580 °C and 620 °C for 1 hour in an evaporation-deposition device, respectively. The ball-shaped crystals, and regular-prism-shaped crystals were found on top of bush-like long crystals. Two types of CdO self-organization aggregates were also observed, that is, regular circular-shaped dense aggregate and long-chainshaped aggregate. The self-organization aggregates were composed of numerous submicron CdO grains. The relationship between self-organization aggregates and surface defects of virgin N 100 silicon crystal was investigated. The results showed that the CdO self-organization aggregates were related to surface defects of the virgin N 100 silicon crystal, and a defect induced aggregation (DIA) model is suggested.

scholarly journals Systematic investigation of self-organization behavior in supramolecular π-conjugated polymer for multi-color electroluminescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1535-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Yi Lin ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Meng-Na Yu ◽  
Xu-Hua Wang ◽  
Lu-Bing Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Aggregation Behavior ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Organization Behavior

Understanding the chain behavior and conformational/aggregation behavior of supramolecular π-conjugated polymer for multi-color electroluminescence.

scholarly journals Robotic Assessment of Wrist Proprioception During Kinaesthetic Perturbations: A Neuroergonomic Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika D'Antonio ◽  
Elisa Galofaro ◽  
Jacopo Zenzeri ◽  
Fabrizio Patané ◽  
Jürgen Konczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Presentation Sequence

Position sense refers to an aspect of proprioception crucial for motor control and learning. The onset of neurological diseases can damage such sensory afference, with consequent motor disorders dramatically reducing the associated recovery process. In regular clinical practice, assessment of proprioceptive deficits is run by means of clinical scales which do not provide quantitative measurements. However, existing robotic solutions usually do not involve multi-joint movements but are mostly applied to a single proximal or distal joint. The present work provides a testing paradigm for assessing proprioception during coordinated multi-joint distal movements and in presence of kinaesthetic perturbations: we evaluated healthy subjects' ability to match proprioceptive targets along two of the three wrist's degrees of freedom, flexion/extension and abduction/adduction. By introducing rotations along the pronation/supination axis not involved in the matching task, we tested two experimental conditions, which differed in terms of the temporal imposition of the external perturbation: in the first one, the disturbance was provided after the presentation of the proprioceptive target, while in the second one, the rotation of the pronation/ supination axis was imposed during the proprioceptive target presentation. We investigated if (i) the amplitude of the perturbation along the pronation/supination would lead to proprioceptive miscalibration; (ii) the encoding of proprioceptive target, would be influenced by the presentation sequence between the target itself and the rotational disturbance. Eighteen participants were tested by means of a haptic neuroergonomic wrist device: our findings provided evidence that the order of disturbance presentation does not alter proprioceptive acuity. Yet, a further effect has been noticed: proprioception is highly anisotropic and dependent on perturbation amplitude. Unexpectedly, the configuration of the forearm highly influences sensory feedbacks, and significantly alters subjects' performance in matching the proprioceptive targets, defining portions of the wrist workspace where kinaesthetic and proprioceptive acuity are more sensitive. This finding may suggest solutions and applications in multiple fields: from general haptics where, knowing how wrist configuration influences proprioception, might suggest new neuroergonomic solutions in device design, to clinical evaluation after neurological damage, where accurately assessing proprioceptive deficits can dramatically complement regular therapy for a better prediction of the recovery path.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN MACROMEDIA FLASH PADA MATERI LARUTAN PENYANGGA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI MAN DARUSSALAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Teuku Badlisyah ◽  
Munira Maghfirah
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Improve Student Learning

In some cases, students face some difficulties to understand the topic of chemistry that delivered by teachers. Currently, there is no proper media that can be applied on learning process in order to enhance students’ capabilities in gaining the goal. Therefore, the study is conducted in using macromedia flash to describe buffer solution topic at Class XI Islamic Senior High School (MAN) Darussalam. This study aims to determine students' learning outcomes through the use of macromedia flash on buffer solution at class XI MAN Darussalam. The research question: is macromedia flash can be used on buffer solution material to improve student learning result of class XI MAN Darussalam?. The population of this study was the students of the second year of MAN 1 Darussalam. Meanwhile, the sample was taken from two classes; XI IPA 1 as experimental class and XI IPA 2 as control class. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling technique. The research adopted quantitative approach in using numeric data which is analyzed by statistical method. Data was collected by using multiple choice instruments. The results showed that the average score of the experimental class =79.7 and the average score of the control class = 67.5. Furthermore, the test results are analyzed by processing hypothesis test (t-test) at α = 0,95 with degrees of freedom (dk) 60, obtained tcount = 3.67 and for ttable obtained 1.67. Which is tcount ≥ t table, then H0 rejected Ha accepted. It short, the result shows the improvement of students’ learning outcome between experimental class and control class after applying macromedia flash on buffer solution material at MAN Darussalam Aceh Besar.

scholarly journals Self-organization Behavior of Surfactants in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Oleoscience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Masanobu SAGISAKA ◽  
Atsushi YOSHIZAWA ◽  
Katsuto OTAKE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Organization Behavior ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

scholarly journals Hand Pose Selection in a Bimanual Fine-Manipulation Task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunpeng Yao ◽  
Dagmar Sternad ◽  
Aude Billard
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sensorimotor Processing ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Manipulation Task ◽  
Fine Manipulation ◽  
Virtual Fingers ◽  
Hand Pose

Many daily tasks involve the collaboration of both hands. Humans dexterously adjust hand poses and modulate the forces exerted by fingers in response to task demands. Hand pose selection has been intensively studied in unimanual tasks, but little work has investigated bimanual tasks. This work examines hand poses selection in a bimanual high-precision screwing task taken from watchmaking. Twenty right-handed subjects dismounted a screw on the watchface with a screwdriver in two conditions. Results showed that although subjects employed similar hand poses across steps within the same experimental conditions, the hand poses differed significantly in the two conditions. In the free-base condition, subjects needed to stabilize the watchface on the table. The role-distribution across hands was strongly influenced by hand dominance: the dominant hand manipulated the tool, whereas the non-dominant hand controlled the additional degrees of freedom that might impair performance. In contrast, in the fixed-base condition, the watchface was stationary. Subjects employed both hands even though single hand would have been sufficient. Importantly, hand poses decoupled the control of task-demanded force and torque across hands through virtual fingers that grouped multiple fingers into functional units. This preference for bimanual over unimanual control strategy could be an effort to reduce variability caused by mechanical couplings and to alleviate intrinsic sensorimotor processing burdens. To afford analysis of this variety of observations, a novel graphical matrix-based representation of the distribution of hand pose combinations was developed. Atypical hand poses that are not documented in extant hand taxonomies are also included.

Colloidal PbS quantum dot stacking kinetics during deposition via printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Haodong Tang ◽  
Nian Li ◽  
Manuel A. Scheel ◽  
Yue Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Organization Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Pbs Quantum Dot

The particle self-organization behavior of small-sized quantum dots is studied in situ with grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and during the drying process two phase transitions are found.

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