scholarly journals Somaclonal variability of conifers in culture in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Gulyaeva ◽  
Roman V. Ignatenko ◽  
Natalia A. Galibina
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Cell And Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variability

The use of somatic embryogenesis is one of the promising methods of conifer propagation on an industrial scale. However, this technology has a number of problems, which include the appearance of somaclonal variation in cell and tissue culture. The review considers the causes and methods for detecting somaclonal variability of conifer in culture in vitro. It is shown that it is necessary to use a complex of molecular, cytogenetic, morphological, physiological methods for the analysis of somaclonal changes in embryogenic plant cultures.

scholarly journals Barley somatic embryogenesis-an attempt to modify variation induced in tissue culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Orłowska
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Silver Ion ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
In Vitro Tissue Culture ◽  
Induced Variation

Abstract Background Somatic embryogenesis is a phenomenon carried out in an environment that generates abiotic stress. Thus, regenerants may differ from the source of explants at the morphological, genetic, and epigenetic levels. The DNA changes may be the outcome of induction media ingredients (i.e., copper and silver ions) and their concentrations and time of in vitro cultures. Results This study optimised the level of copper and silver ion concentration in culture media parallel with the induction medium longevity step towards obtaining barley regenerants via somatic embryogenesis with a minimum or maximum level of tissue culture-induced differences between the donor plant and its regenerants. The optimisation process is based on tissue culture-induced variation evaluated via the metAFLP approach for regenerants derived under varying in vitro tissue culture conditions and exploited by the Taguchi method. In the optimisation and verification experiments, various copper and silver ion concentrations and the different number of days differentiated the tested trials concerning the tissue culture-induced variation level, DNA demethylation, and de novo methylation, including symmetric (CG, CHG) and asymmetric (CHH) DNA sequence contexts. Verification of optimised conditions towards obtaining regenerants with minimum and maximum variability compared to donor plants proved useful. The main changes that discriminate optimised conditions belonged to DNA demethylation events with particular stress on CHG context. Conclusions The combination of tissue culture-induced variation evaluated for eight experimental trials and implementation of the Taguchi method allowed the optimisation of the in vitro tissue culture conditions towards the minimum and maximum differences between a source of tissue explants (donor plant) and its regenerants from somatic embryos. The tissue culture-induced variation characteristic is mostly affected by demethylation with preferences towards CHG sequence context.

scholarly journals Rejuvenation of chicory and lettuce plants following phase change in tissue culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Conner ◽  
Helen Searle ◽  
Jeanne M. E. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
In Vitro Flowering ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Cell And Tissue Culture

Abstract Background A frequent problem associated with the tissue culture of Compositae species such as chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the premature bolting to in vitro flowering of regenerated plants. Plants exhibiting such phase changes have poor survival and poor seed set upon transfer from tissue culture to greenhouse conditions. This can result in the loss of valuable plant lines following applications of cell and tissue culture for genetic manipulation. Results This study demonstrates that chicory and lettuce plants exhibiting stable in vitro flowering can be rejuvenated by a further cycle of adventitious shoot regeneration from cauline leaves. The resulting rejuvenated plants exhibit substantially improved performance following transfer to greenhouse conditions, with increased frequency of plant survival, a doubling of the frequency of plants that flowered, and substantially increased seed production. Conclusion As soon as in vitro flowering is observed in unique highly-valued chicory and lettuce lines, a further cycle of adventitious shoot regeneration from cauline leaves should be implemented to induce rejuvenation. This re-establishes a juvenile phase accompanied by in vitro rosette formation, resulting in substantially improved survival, flowering and seed set in a greenhouse, thereby ensuring the recovery of future generations from lines genetically manipulated in cell and tissue culture.

Patterns of pigmentation in experimentally produced mouse chimaerae

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-585
Author(s):  
Andrzej K. Tarkowski
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Present Report ◽  
General Description ◽  
Tissue Culture Association ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Pigment Synthesis

A General description of the development of mouse chimaerae and an account of the techniques for their production were given in previous reports (Tarkowski, 1961, 1963). The chimaeric character of the embryos and young obtained was tentatively claimed in the first of these publications because (1) the actual union of two eggs into one blastocyst was seen in culture in vitro, (2) of the occurrence of intersexes, (3) pigment synthesis of the types of the dark component occurred in the majority of individuals developed from pairs of eggs differing genetically in factors for pigmentation. The last criterion was met only by macroscopic search for pigment in the eyes. The present report gives a more detailed description of the distribution of pigment forming cells in these animals, based on histological analysis. Some remarks on the validity and applicability of such a criterion for estimating the degree of chimaerism were made at the 13th Annual Meeting of the Tissue Culture Association (Tarkowski 1963).

Small-scale cultivation of cells and tissues from gobiid teleosts

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-938
Author(s):  
C. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Cell And Tissue Culture

Although freshwater teleost cell and tissue culture is an established field, the in vitro maintenance and growth of marine or estuarine fish tissues and cells is less well reported (Wolf & Quimby, 1969). Small demersal gobiid teleosts of the genus Pomatoschistus Gill, 1864 are widely distributed and very abundant around the coast of Britain and play an extremely important role in estuarine and coastal ecosystems (Hartley, 1940; Miller, 1963, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Liverpool; Green, 1968). Excluding the in vitro maintenance of whole organs (e.g. Bonnin, 1971a, b and Doneen & Bern, 1974) the culture of cells or tissues from gobiids has not been reported.

Viroid Elimination by Thermotherapy, Cold Therapy, Tissue Culture, In Vitro Micrografting, or Cryotherapy

2017 ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Barba ◽  
Munetaka Hosakawa ◽  
Qiao-Chun Wang ◽  
Anna Taglienti ◽  
Zhibo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Cold Therapy ◽  
In Vitro Micrografting
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document