scholarly journals Grassflies of genus Meromyza (Diptera, Chloropidae) and grasses: the evolution of host plant preference

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
Andrey F. Safonkin ◽  
Svetlana V. Goryunova ◽  
Denis V. Goryunov ◽  
Tatiana A. Triseleva
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Ancestral Haplotypes ◽  
Western Palaearctic ◽  
Cereal Cultivars

The present and literature data showed that Meromyza flies developed on grasses from 5 tribes: Poeae, Triticeae, Bromeae, Nardeae, Arundinarieae. The preference of host plants for 25, mainly Western Palaearctic species of Meromyza flies was analyzed: 11 species developed on grasses of the tribe Poeae, 4 on Triticeae, 9 on grasses from different tribes, 1 species developed on bamboo. A phylogenetic tree based on the mtDNA CO1 gene locus was constructed in the BEAST for 28 species of Meromyza flies, for 8 species of Drosophila and Campiglossa pygmaea. The host plants were known for 19 species Meromyza flies out of 28 studied species. An overview of the evolution of grasses is given. By the possible time of the genus Meromyza origin (not earlier than the middle of the Miocene), based on the known evolutionary scale of Drosophila, the Pooideae grasses had already been isolated and division into tribes occured. The features of non-specialized phytophage-oligophage (except M. acuminata) confirmed by the wide spectrum of host plants have been supposed for species close to ancestral haplotypes (M. nigriseta, M. pratorum, M. saltatrix, M. variegata) or representing independent branches in their clusters (M. acuminata, M. mosquensis, M. nigriventris). The differentiation of Meromyza genus with formation of new species with narrow oligophagy or monophagy was associated with adaptation to other wild grasses following the formation and increase in the abundance of core pooids (Triticodae + Poodae) grasses and the spread of herbal biomes in the Miocene. Oligophages M. nigriventris, M. nigriseta, M. variegata and monophages M. acuminata, M. grandifemoris damage cereal cultivars.

A review of the status of some Ptinomorphus species (Coleoptera: Ptinidae, Eucradinae) described by M. Pic, with the description of a new species

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN LEVEY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Full Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Western Palaearctic ◽  
A New Species

The Western Palaearctic species of Ptinomorphus Mulsant & Rey, 1868 (Coleoptera: Ptinidae, Eucradinae) described by M. Pic and synonymized under P.imperialis (Linnaeus, 1767) and P. magnificus (Reitter, 1880) are reviewed. A new species P. janae sp. nov. is described. P. tauricolus (Pic, 1906) and P. caucasicus (Pic, 1901) are removed from synonymy with P. magnificus; the status of P. perpulchrus (Obenberger, 1917) is clarified and P. angustior (Pic, 1896) is reinstated as a full species. P. angustior var. maculatus (Pic, 1922), which is currently treated as a synonym of P. imperialis is synonymised with P. magnificus. A key is provided to the Western Palaearctic species of Ptinomorphus.

scholarly journals Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Das Neves Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Isabel Protti de Andrade Balbi ◽  
Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Herein, we studied the occurrence of insect galls from natural vegetation around the Itambé Cave, Altinópolis, SP, Brazil. A sampling effort of 7.5 hours resulted in 41 gall morphotypes on 21 host plant species from 14 families. The richest families of host plants in morphotypes were Fabaceae (N = 11), Euphorbiaceae (N = 7), and Malpighiaceae (N = 5). Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (N = 8), Croton floribundus Spreng. (N = 7), Diplopterys pubipetala (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson & C.C. Davis (N = 5), and Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud. (N = 4) were the super host plant species. Among the gall makers obtained, cecidomyiids were reared in 81% of cases and Hemiptera (Diaspididae), Hymenoptera (Eurytomidae), Coleoptera (Apion sp./Apionidae), and Lepidoptera in 4.5% of cases, each. The parasitoids belong to the Chalcidoidea superfamily (Hymenoptera). One new species of Camptoneuromyiia (Cecidomyiidae) was found in Smilax oblongifolia Pohl ex Griseb. (Smilacaceae) as inquiline and a new species of Lestodiplosis in Diplopterys pubipetala (Malpighiaceae) was a predator. We also present the first register of Bauhinia holophylla as host plants of Cecidomyiidae, and we expand the occurrence of Rochadiplosis tibouchinae Tavares and Couridiplosis vena to São Paulo State. The results of this paper are a continuation of the description of gall morphotypes from the vegetation in Northeastern São Paulo State, and they also increase knowledge about the diversity of host plant and gall-maker associations in the Neotropical region.

Four new species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) from China and Japan, and description of the pupal morphology of the genera Corythoxestis, Eumetriochroa, Guttigera, and Metriochroa

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3619 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIGEKI KOBAYASHI ◽  
GUO-HUA HUANG ◽  
AKIHIRO NAKAMURA ◽  
TOSHIYA HIROWATARI
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
New Host ◽  
Leaf Mining ◽  
Fatsia Japonica ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
First Time

Four new leaf mining Oecophyllembiinae (Gracillariidae) species are described from Chinaand Japan: Metriochroa sym-plocosella sp. nov. (host plants: Symplocos anomala, S. sumuntia, Symplocaceae) from China, Guttigera schefflerella sp. nov. (host plant: Schefflera octophylla, Araliaceae), Eumetriochroa araliella sp. nov. (host plants: Dendropanax trifidus, Evodiopanax innovans, Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides and Fatsia japonica, Araliaceae) and Corythoxestis tricalysiel-la sp. nov. (host plant: Tricalysia dubia, Rubiaceae) from Japan. Corythoxestis sunosei (Kumata, 1998) is recorded from new host plants: Adina pilulifera and Mussaenda parviflora, Rubiaceae, from Japan. The female adult and pupal morphol-ogies, life history and host plant of the genus Guttigera are described for the first time. Pupae of seven species of four genera: Corythoxestis, Eumetriochroa, Guttigera, and Metriochroa, are described for the first time. We provide morpho-logical diagnostic differences between species and genera of Oecophyllembiinae and Phyllocnistis. Our preliminary data suggest that Oecophyllembiinae species have three valuable pupal diagnostic characters: 1) cocoon cutter with unique lat-eral processes or setae on the clypeus, 2) tergal spines with only a pair of dorsal setae, and 3) cremaster with more than two pairs of caudal processes, while Phyllocnistis species possess 1) cocoon cutter without lateral processes or setae on clypeus, 2) tergal spines with a pair of dorsal setae and dorsal hooks, and 3) cremaster with only a pair of caudal processes.

scholarly journals North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 1-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Prous ◽  
Katja Kramp ◽  
Veli Vikberg ◽  
Andrew Liston
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Western Palaearctic ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Western

North-Western Palaearctic species ofPristiphoraLatreille, 1810 are revised. Altogether, 90 species are treated, two of which are described as new:P.caraganaeVikberg & Prous,sp. n.from Finland andP.dedearaListon & Prous,sp. n.from Germany. Host plant ofP.caraganaeisCaraganaarborescensLam.Pristiphoradasiphorae(Zinovjev, 1993) (previously known from East Palaearctic) andP.cadmaWong & Ross, 1960 (previously known from North America) are recorded for the first time from Europe.NematusnigricansEversmann, 1847 [=Pristiphoranigricans(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.],N.breviusculusEversmann, 1847 [=Euuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837)], andN.caudalisEversmann, 1847 [=E.caudalis(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.] are removed from synonymy withP.pallidiventris(Fallén, 1808),N.paralellusHartig, 1840 [=P.paralella(Hartig, 1840),comb. n.] is removed from synonymy withP.bufo(Brischke, 1883), andP.mesatlanticaLacourt, 1976 is removed from synonymy withP.insularisRohwer, 1910. The following 29 new synonymies are proposed:P.nigropuncticepsHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.albitibia(Costa, 1859);LygaeonematuskarvoneniLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.alpestris(Konow, 1903); P. (P.) anivskiensis Haris, 2006,syn. n.withP.appendiculata(Hartig, 1837);NematuscanaliculatusHartig, 1840,syn. nwithP.carinata(Hartig, 1837);P.nigrogroenblomiHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.cinctaNewman, 1837;TenthredoflavipesZetterstedt, 1838,syn. n.,NematuscongenerW.F. Kirby, 1882,syn. n., andP.thomsoniLindqvist, 1953,syn. n.withP.dochmocera(Thomson, 1871);P.atrataLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.friesei(Konow, 1904);P.gelidaWong, 1968,syn. n.withP.frigida(Boheman, 1865);PachynematusnigricorpusTakagi, 1931,syn. n.withP.laricis(Hartig, 1837); Nematus (Pikonema) piceae Zhelochovtsev in Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev, 1988,syn. n.and P. (P.) hoverlaensis Haris, 2001,syn. n.withP.leucopodia(Hartig, 1837);MesoneuraarcticaLindqvist, 1959,syn. n.,PachynematusincisusLindqvist, 1970,syn. n.,PachynematusintermediusVerzhutskii, 1974,syn. n., andP.mongololaricisHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.malaisei(Lindqvist, 1952);NematusanderschiZaddach, 1876,syn. n.,P.inocreataKonow, 1902,syn. n., andP.discolorLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.nigricans(Eversmann, 1847);LygaeonematustenuicornisLindqvist, 1955,syn. n.withP.paralella(Hartig, 1840);LygaeonematusconcolorLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.pseudocoactula(Lindqvist, 1952);P.flavipictaLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.,P.flavopleuraHaris, 2002,syn. n.,P.mongoloexiguaHaris, 2002,syn. n., andP.mongolofaustaHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.punctifrons(Thomson, 1871);P.listoniLacourt, 1998,syn. n.withP.sootryeniLindqvist, 1955;P.gaunitziLindqvist, 1968,syn. n.withP.testacea(Jurine, 1807); andNematusbreviusculusEversmann, 1847,syn. n.withEuuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837). The valid name of Pachynematus (Pikonema) carpathiensis Haris, 2001 isNematinuscarpathiensis(Haris, 2001)comb. n.Lectotypes are designated for 43 taxa. An illustrated electronic key made with Lucid and a traditional dichotomous key are provided to facilitate identification of the species. Species belonging to thecarinata(previouslyLygaeotus),micronematica(previouslyLygaeophora), andrufipes(also known asthalictrioraquilegiae) groups are not keyed to the species level, because additional research is needed to delimit the species more reliably in these groups. Phylogeny ofPristiphorais reconstructed based on one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (NaK and TPI) genes. Remarkably, around 50–60% (depending on the exclusion or inclusion of thecarinata,micronematica, andrufipesgroups) of the species cannot be reliably identified based on COI barcodes. Limited data from nuclear genes indicate a better identification potential (about 20% remain problematic).

scholarly journals TEMELUCHA FLAVIA SP. N. FROM THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE: CREMASTINAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Zoltán Vas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
Western Palaearctic ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Temelucha flavia sp. n., of the ichneumon wasp subfamily Cremastinae is described from Tunisia and Jordan. An affix to the recently published identification key to the Western Palaearctic species of the genus is given.

Four new Palaearctic, Australian and Oriental species of Paraneseuthia Franz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4858 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Western Palaearctic ◽  
Far Eastern

Four new species of the eutheiine genus Paraneseuthia Franz are described: P. libanica sp. n. (Lebanon), P. rugosa sp. n. (Papua New Guinea), P. olszanowskii sp. n. (Indonesia: Sumatra), and P. acehiana sp. n. (Indonesia: Sumatra). Paraneseuthia libanica is the second known Mediterranean (and western Palaearctic) species of this predominantly Australo-Oriental and Far Eastern genus. In order to verify whether this species with unusually slender and small adults truly belongs in Paraneseuthia, the male cephalic and thoracic morphological structures were studied and illustrated. No taxonomically important differences were found among west Palaearctic and previously studied sub-Himalayan, east Palaeartic and SE Asian species. 

Distribution patterns and taxonomy of some legume-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) and their hosts from the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and Macaronesia

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana M. Percy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Macaronesian Islands ◽  
Incomplete Sampling

AbstractDistribution patterns between continental and continental-island sister taxa are compared for some legume-feeding psyllids (Arytaininae, Psylloidea) and their host plants (Genisteae, Leguminosae). The host plant genera Adenocarpus, Chamaecytisus, Retama and Teline are characterized by distribution disjunctions, which sometimes match the disjunctions in the associated psyllids. Sister taxa pairs of Retama- and Teline-feeding psyllids from the continent and Macaronesian islands exhibit a similar geographic disjunction as their host plants, but this pattern is not found in Adenocarpus- or Chamaecytisus-feeding psyllids and their hosts. In addition, three closely related continental psyllids reflect the distribution of their Adenocarpus hosts in the montane regions of Morocco and Andalusia, but are not related to other Adenocarpus-feeding species. These examples suggest that among the Genisteae-feeding psyllids, shared distribution patterns with their hosts are localized rather than characteristic of the group as a whole. Six new species of psyllid, which feed on legume shrubs in the Genisteae, and are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, are described and illustrated. These species are in two taxonomically complex arytainine genera, Arytainilla and Livilla. Immature stages provide additional morphological characters useful for resolving taxonomic relationships within the Arytaininae, and the 5th instar nymphs of several species are described and illustrated. Genistoid-feeding psyllids are not known from all genera in the Genisteae but this may be due to incomplete sampling of rarer genistoid legumes. The majority of psyllids newly described here are narrow range endemics in either Andalusia or Morocco; one species occurs in both Andalusia and Morocco, and one species is more widespread in the Iberian Peninsula.

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