The therapeutic effect of remantadine in acute respiratory viral infections

During the epidemic of influenza AI in 1977-1978. in three outpatient clinics in Leningrad, clinical and immunological observations were carried out during the early treatment of patients with influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) with remantadine or antigrippin. The drugs were prescribed to outpatients with a pronounced clinical picture of the disease from the first day of their seeking medical help. 317 ARVI patients received 50 mg remantadine three times a day, and 117 took antigrayppin one powder three times a day for 3-5 days.

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Consensus ‘Interferon therapy for patients with influenza, SARS and COVID19’

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2021-7-51-58 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

N. D. Yushchuk ◽

I. V. Maev ◽

A. L. Vertkin

Keyword(s):

General Practitioner ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Secondary Prevention ◽

Interferon Therapy ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Total Duration ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Primary Contact ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections

According to the who, the share of acute respiratory viral infections (амма? and influenza) accounts for about 90–95% of all infectious diseases; in russia, influenza and arvi take up to 40% of the total duration of official disability, which determines the significance of this pathology. At the same time, the primary contact of the overwhelming majority of patients with suspected arvi and influenza occurs with a therapist or general practitioner of polyclinics. The proposed consensus of experts is intended to systematize the known approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and secondary prevention of influenza, acute respiratory viral infections and community-acquired pneumonia for their use at outpatient clinics. The schemes of using interferon therapy for arvi and influenza are considered in detail.

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The pH Dependence of Niclosamide Solubility, Dissolution and Morphology Motivates a Potentially More Bioavailable Mucin-Penetrating Nasal and Throat Spray for COVID19, it's Contagious Variants, and Other Respiratory Viral Infections

10.1101/2021.08.16.456531 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Needham

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Early Treatment ◽

Low Dose ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Ph Dependence ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Supersaturated Solution ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Precipitation Ph ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections

Motivation: With the coronavirus pandemic still raging, prophylactic nasal and early treatment throat sprays that "puts the virus in lockdown", could help prevent infection and reduce viral load. Niclosamide has the potential to treat a broad range of viral infections if local bioavailability is optimized as mucin-penetrating solutions instead of microparticles that cannot penetrate the mucin. Experimental: pH-dependence of supernatant concentrations and dissolution rates of niclosamide were measured in buffered solutions by Nanodrop-UV/Vis-spectroscopy for niclosamide from different suppliers, as precipitated material and as cosolvates. Data was compared to predictions from Henderson Hasselbalch and precipitation pH models. Optimal microscopy was used to observe the morphologies of precipitated and converted niclosamide. Results: Supernatant-concentrations of niclosamide increased with increasing pH: from 1.77uM at pH 3.66 to 30uM at pH 8; more rapidly from 90uM at pH8.5 to 300uM at pH9.1, reaching 641uM at pH 9.5. Logarithmic rates for dissolution increased by ~3x for pHs 8.62 to 9.44. However, when precipitated from supersaturated solution, niclosamide equilibrated to much lower final supernatant concentrations, reflective of more stable polymorphs at each pH that were also apparent for niclosamide from other suppliers and cosolvates. Conclusions: Niclosamide is not niclosamide is not niclosamide. A low dose (20uM) prophylactic solution of niclosamide at a nasally safe pH of 7.9 and a (up to 300uM) throat spray at pH 9.1 would be one of the simplest and potentially most effective formulations from both an efficacy standpoint as well as manufacturing and distribution, with no cold chain. It now needs testing.

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