scholarly journals Alteration of medical radiation exposure annual collective effective dose of the population of Tatarstan from 1998 to 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-816
Author(s):  
S A Ryzhkin ◽  
S I Ivanov ◽  
M A Patyashina ◽  
R K Ismagilov
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical Radiation ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Medical Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Radiological Examinations

Aim. To find out the contemporary principles of collective effective dose of medical radiation formation gained due to medical X-ray and radiological examinations. Methods. Data analysis of radiation and hygiene passports of Republic of Tatarstan territory for the period from 1998 to 2010 was fulfilled. Change of healthcare radiation sources number over time was defined. Number of performed medical X-ray and radiological examinations, average patient’s individual and total effective radiation doses were compared. Results. The number of medical X-ray and radiological examinations increased annually. The rate of different X-ray and radiological examinations as well as gained total effective radiation doses has changed significantly during the analyzed period of time. Use of digital technologies in radiology allowed to decrease average patient’s individual doses to 0.16 mSv for chest photofluorography and to 0.15 mSv for standard X-ray. In recent years, X-ray computed tomography is the largest contribution (40.6%) to the collective effective medical exposure dose of the population. Conclusion. Ionizing radiation use in medical practice remains one of the leading sources of the combined population radiation, primarily due to modern X-ray and radiological examinations; it requires attention and development of special arrangement, technical, prevention measures to decrease unfavorable influence of radiation to population.

Estimating Radiation Dose to Major Organs in Dental X-Ray Examinations: A Phantom Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Bingsheng Huang ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Tianqi Fang ◽  
Guoqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Level ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Effective Radiation

Abstract The radiation doses absorbed by major organs of males and females were studied from three types of dental X-ray devices. The absorbed doses from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), panoramic and intraoral X-ray machines were in the range of 0.23–1314.85 μGy, and were observed to be high in organs and tissues located in or adjacent to the irradiated area, there were discrepancies in organ doses between male and female. Thyroid, salivary gland, eye lens and brain were the organs that received higher absorbed doses. The organ absorbed doses were considerably lower than the diagnostic reference level for dental radiography in China. The calculated effective radiation doses for males and females were 56.63, 8.15, 2.56 μSv and 55.18, 8.99, 2.39 μSv, respectively, when using CBCT, the panoramic X-ray machine and intraoral X-ray machine. The effective radiation dose caused by CBCT was much higher than those of panoramic and intraoral X-ray machines.

SU-E-I-07: Proposal for a Novel Algorithm of Effective Dose Evaluation for Medical Radiation Exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6Part4) ◽  
pp. 3626-3626
Author(s):  
C Wang ◽  
M Dewhirst ◽  
X Jiang ◽  
Z Qian ◽  
S Boon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Evaluation ◽  
Medical Radiation ◽  
Medical Radiation Exposure ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Radiographers’ knowledge regarding patients’ ionizing radiation doses during common radiological procedures in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Aldhafeeri
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Radiological Procedures ◽  
Radiological Examinations

To evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness regarding radiation doses from common radiological examinations among 100 radiographers working in different hospitals across Saudi Arabia, a questionnaire comprising 21 multiple-choice questions was electronically distributed to 180 radiographers working in medical imaging departments in various hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Participants were instructed to estimate the radiation dose administrated to patients during common radiological procedures. I received 100 survey responses. Only 13% (n = 13) of the participants correctly identified the effective radiation dose from 1-view chest and abdominal X-ray, whereas 7% (n = 7) correctly identified the dose from 2-view chest X-ray. Approximately half of the participants underestimated the patient dose from head and abdominal computed tomography and 2-view unilateral mammogram. Moreover, 17–26% correctly estimated the patient’s risk of fatal cancer from common radiological procedures. These results revealed a remarkably low level of knowledge among radiographers regarding radiation dose and risks. The vast majority of radiographers underestimated radiation doses and associated risks from common radiological examinations. The number of bachelor’s programs in Saudi Arabia has been extremely limited in the past decade. Most radiographers hold a diploma degree, which does not include any courses on radiation dose or protection. Continuous professional development in radiation safety is required to practice radiography.

A Software for Estimating Cosmic Radiation Exposure of Aircraft Crew

2013 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Shi Feng Zhang ◽  
Ying Jin Feng ◽  
Wei Ru Chen
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Source ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ionization Radiation ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Basic Standard

To estimate Radiation doses received onboard aircraft to protect aircrew in accordance with the basic standard on ionization radiation protection and radiation source safety of China, we has developed a software called CARD used to calculate the effective radiation doses. A three dimension matrix is kernel part of the CARD, in the matrix preserves information about effective dose rates of cosmic radiation for retrieval is constructed. The data of matrix are based on results of simulation and measurements. The comparisons between the calculated effective dose using this tool and using CARI-6 respectively for various flights are carried out. The present analysis shows that for the cosmic radiation, this software is sufficient to ensure a precision on the dose estimate of flight.

scholarly journals Four-Year Cumulative Radiation Exposure in Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Angiography for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin A. Takahashi ◽  
Hyo-Chun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Suspected Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Medical Radiation ◽  
Medical Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Acute Pe

Purpose.The objective of this study was to determine the estimated effective radiation dose of pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) contributing to total medical radiation exposure over a 4-year period.Materials and Methods.This investigation retrospectively reviewed 300 patients who presented to the emergency department and received a pulmonary CTA scan for suspected PE. We evaluated these patients' electronic medical record to determine their estimated radiation exposure to CT scans during the following four years. Using DLP toEconversion coefficients, we calculated the cumulative effective radiation dose each subject received.Results.A total of 900 CT scans were reviewed in this study. Pulmonary CTA delivered an average effective radiation dose of 10.7 ± 2.5 mSv and accounted for approximately 65% of subjects' 4-year cumulative medical radiation dose. Only 6.3% of subjects had a positive acute PE according to their radiology report.Conclusion.Pulmonary CTA accounted for the majority of subjects’ medically related effective radiation dose over a 4-year period. With only a minority of subjects having positive findings for acute PE, increased efforts should be made to clinically assess pretest probability before the consideration of imaging.

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