scholarly journals Clinical functional results of the continuous electromagnetic stimulation in patients with optic nerve partial atrophy

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Dmitry V Davydov ◽  
Alexander E Yakovlev ◽  
Tamara R Vybornaya
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Electrode Implantation ◽  
Electromagnetic Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
Stimulation Regimen ◽  
Partial Atrophy

In this article, a treatment analysis is given of 81 patients (98 eyes) with optic nerve pathologic conditions using author-developed method of continuous optic nerve electromagnetic stimulation (neuromodulation), in comparison to traditional in-patient therapy. Authors present an original method of electrode implantation; show a dynamics of visual function changes in groups as a result of treatment: those of visual acuity, of electrophysiology testing results, and of visual fields. It is demonstrated that neuromodulation method allows performing stimulation therapy in out-patients; continuous stimulation regimen use causes an important and longstanding therapeutic effect without any negative impact on surrounding tissues.

scholarly journals Evidence of Post Trabeculectomy Optic Nerve Reperfusion by OCT Angiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Jigyasa Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Oct Angiography ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer

Aim: To describe a case of glaucoma which showed increase in optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiographic vessel densities after intraocular pressure reduction suggesting reperfusion of optic nerve. Presentation of Case: A 55 year old female with primary open angle glaucoma was taken up for trabeculectomy in view of inadequate control of intraocular pressure (IOP) despite maximal medical therapy. In addition to routine glaucoma assessment by visual fields and nerve fiber layer assessment by OCT, OCT angiographic evaluation of peripapillary vessel density was done preoperatively. Three months after trabeculectomy, her intraocular pressure decreased from 35mmHg to 14mmHg. Compared with the preoperative baseline value, the vessel density increased significantly in all quadrants after three months from surgery as demonstrated by OCT angiography. Discussion: This case report suggests that decreased optic nerve head perfusion due to high IOP can be reversed by reduction of IOP. Conclusion: Vascular parameters like angiographic vessel density can show reversible changes as decreased blood flow reinstates and thus can be better prognostic indicators than structural parameters like OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in glaucoma patients.

scholarly journals Minocycline reduces inflammatory response and cell death in a S100B retina degeneration model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Grotegut ◽  
Natarajan Perumal ◽  
Sandra Kuehn ◽  
Andreas Smit ◽  
H. Burkhard Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Minocycline Treatment

Abstract Background Previous studies noted that intravitreal injection of S100B triggered a glaucoma-like degeneration of retina and optic nerve as well as microglia activation after 14 days. The precise role of microglia in our intravitreal S100B model is still unclear. Hence, microglia were inhibited through minocycline. The aim is to investigate whether microglia have a significant influence on the degeneration process or whether they are only a side effect in the model studied here. Methods Minocycline was applied daily in rats by intraperitoneal injection using two different concentrations (13.5 mg/kg body weight, 25 mg/kg body weight). One day after treatment start, S100B or PBS was intravitreally injected in one eye per rat. The naïve groups received no injections. This resulted in a total of five groups (naïve n = 14, PBS n = 14, S100B n = 13, 13.5 mg/kg mino n = 15, 25 mg/kg mino n = 15). At day 14, electroretinogram measurements were performed, followed by immunofluorescence and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. The focus of these investigations was on the survival of RGCs as well as their axons, the response of the microglia, and the identification of further pathological modes of action of S100B. Results The best signal transmission was detected via ERG in the 13.5 mg/kg mino group. The inhibition of the microglia protected optic nerve neurofilaments and decreased the negative impact of S100B on RGCs. However, the minocycline treatment could not trigger complete protection of RGCs. Furthermore, in retina and optic nerve, the minocycline treatment reduced the number and activity of S100B-triggered microglia in a concentration-dependent manner. Proteomics analysis showed that S100B application led to numerous metabolic functions and cellular stress, mainly an increased inflammatory response, glycolysis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which caused oxidative stress in the retina. Importantly, the protective capability of lower dose of minocycline was unraveled by suppressing the apoptotic, inflammatory, and the altered metabolic processes caused by S100B insult in the retina. Conclusion Intravitreally injected S100B not only led to a pro-inflammatory microglial reaction, but also a mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction. Also, these results suggest that an excessive microglial response may be a significant degenerative factor, but not the only trigger for increased cell death.

Is a virtual clinic model a safe and effective way for assessing patients referred with suspiciously blurred optic discs? The blurred disc clinic

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097604
Author(s):  
Joanna M Jefferis ◽  
Nigel Griffith ◽  
Daniel Blackwell ◽  
Ruth Batty ◽  
Simon J Hickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Referral Letter ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Optic Discs ◽  
Eye Clinic ◽  
Virtual Clinic

Background: There are increasing numbers of referrals to ophthalmology departments due to blurred optic disc margins. In light of this and the COVID-19 pandemic we aimed to assess whether these patients could be safely assessed without direct contact between the clinician and patient. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive patients seen in our ‘blurred disc clinic’ between August 2018 and October 2019. We then presented anonymous information from their referral letter, their visual fields and optic nerve images to two consultant neuro-ophthalmologists blinded to the outcome of the face-to-face consultation. In the simulated virtual clinic, the two consultants were asked to choose an outcome for each patient from discharge, investigate or bring in for a face-to-face assessment. Results: Out of 133 patients seen in the blurred disc clinic, six (4.5%) were found to have papilloedema. All six were identified by both neuro-ophthalmologists as needing a face-to-face clinic consultation from the simulated virtual clinic. One hundred and twenty (90%) patients were discharged from the face-to-face clinic at the first consultation. The two neuro-ophthalmologists chose to discharge 114 (95%) and 99 (83%) of these respectively from the simulated virtual clinic. The virtual clinic would have potentially missed serious pathology in only one patient who had normal optic discs but reported diplopia at the previous face-to-face consultation. Conclusions: A virtual clinic model is an effective way of screening for papilloedema in patients referred to the eye clinic with suspicious optic discs. Unrelated or incidental pathology may be missed in a virtual clinic.

scholarly journals Visual Dysfunction with Basal Skull Tumours

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (S4) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect ◽  
Kinetic Perimetry ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Unexplained Symptoms ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Field Defect

ABSTRACT:Early detection of visual loss caused by tumours of the base of the skull is accomplished by systematic tests of the pregeniculate optic pathway. Even when central acuity is relatively preserved, a relative afferent pupillary defect and reduced color perception yield evidence of impaired optic nerve conduction. Although confrontation tests of the visual fields are useful screening techniques, unexplained symptoms should be pursued with static and kinetic perimetry. Patterns of optic nerve and chiasmal field loss and atrophy of the disc or retinal nerve fibers are imprecise guides to the location of basal skull tumours. Regardless of the pattern of visual field defect, unexplained progressive loss of vision demands intensive neuroradiologic study of the basal cisterns and skull.

Influence of Nifedipine on the Visual Fields of Patients with Optic-Nerve-Head Diseases

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Z. Gaspar ◽  
J. Flammer ◽  
PH. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blocker ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Glaucoma Patient ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Channel Blockers

Calcium-channel blockers have long been employed in coronary disease, and recent investigations have indicated their efficacy in improving the visual field in low-tension glaucoma or presumed vasospasm, possibly by enhancing ocular circulation. We evaluated the short-term influence of a typical calcium-channel blocker, nifedipine, on 59 patients with visual-field defects, some with optic-nerve-head pathology (n = 38) and some with normal-appearing optic nerve heads (n = 21). On the average, a statistically significant improvement of 1.2 dB was observed. Different types of patients, however, behaved quite differently. The younger the patient, the greater the improvement. Patients with normal optic nerve heads improved by 1.54 dB, whereas patients with optic-nerve-head excavation improved by only 0.66 dB. No response was observed in patients with anterior ischemic neuropathy. Marked deterioration was noted in one glaucoma patient with low systemic blood pressure. The visual-field changes were observed in the scotomatous and non-scotomatous areas. Thus, the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine can be effective in some selected diseases whose pathogenesis probably involves vascular dysregulation though it may even be contraindicated in others

Negative impact of AQP-4 channel inhibition on survival of retinal ganglion cells and glutamate metabolism after crushing optic nerve

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Nishikawa ◽  
Hidehiro Oku ◽  
Seita Morishita ◽  
Taeko Horie ◽  
Teruyo Kida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
Channel Inhibition

Development of the nucleus isthmi in Xenopus, II: Branching patterns of contralaterally projecting isthmotectal axons during maturation of binocular maps

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Udin
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Nucleus Isthmi ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Contralateral Eye

AbstractThe tectum of Xenopus frogs receives input from both eyes. The contralateral eye's projection reaches the tectum directly, via the optic nerve, and the ipsilateral eye's projection reaches the tectum indirectly, via the nucleus isthmi. Under normal conditions, the topography of the ipsilateral map relayed from the nucleus isthmi is in register with the topography of the retinotectal map from the contralateral eye. During development, the process of aligning the two maps is complicated by the dramatic changes in binocular overlap of the two eyes' visual fields which take place during late tadpole and juvenile stages. The goal of this study is to determine the branching patterns of contralaterally projecting isthmotectal axons before, during, and after the period of rapid eye migration.Isthmotectal axons were filled by anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from the nucleus isthmi. The results show that crossed isthmotectal axons enter the entire extent of the tectum before binocular overlap begins to increase. Therefore, binocular overlap is not necessary for the initial isthmotectal projection to span the tectum. The density of isthmotectal branches rises dramatically at the same time that the eyes begin to shift. During the period when eye migration is most rapid, many isthmotectal axons form arbors which resemble adult arbors but which extend over greater proportions of the tectal surface.The axons appear to be directed toward appropriate mediolateral positions as they enter the tectum. Their trajectories are roughly rostocaudal, with relatively little change along the mediolateral dimension. These data, when combined with available physiological data, suggest that mediolateral order is initially established by vision-independent mechanisms but can be altered by vision-dependent mechanisms. Rostrocaudal order becomes discernable only at the time when binocular visual cues become available and appears to be established primarily on the basis of the activity of the retinotectal and isthmotectal axons.

The Association between Glaucomatous Visual Fields and Optic Nerve Head Features in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study

Ophthalmology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1603-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
J KELTNER ◽  
C JOHNSON ◽  
D ANDERSON ◽  
R LEVINE ◽  
J FAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Hypertension Treatment

scholarly journals Assessment of Glaucomatous Damage After Boston Keratoprosthesis Implantation Based on Digital Planimetric Quantification of Visual Fields and Optic Nerve Head Imaging

Cornea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin H. Ali ◽  
Mark S. Dikopf ◽  
Anthony G. Finder ◽  
Ahmad A. Aref ◽  
Thasarat Vajaranant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Glaucomatous Damage ◽  
Boston Keratoprosthesis

scholarly journals Direct visualization of improved optic nerve pial vascular supply following tuberculum meningioma resection: case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunggu J. Han ◽  
Stephen T. Magill ◽  
Phiroz E. Tarapore ◽  
Jonathan C. Horton ◽  
Michael W. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Falciform Ligament ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Vascular Flow ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Icg Angiography

Tuberculum sellae meningiomas frequently produce visual loss by direct compression from tumor, constriction of the optic nerve (ON) under the falciform ligament, and/or ON ischemia. The authors hypothesized that changes in visual function after tumor removal may be related to changes in blood supply to the ON that might be seen in the pial circulation at surgery. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography was used to attempt to document these changes at surgery. The first patient in whom the technique was used had a left-sided, 1.4-cm, tuberculum meningioma. Time-lapse comparison of images was done postsurgery, and the comparison of video images revealed both faster initial filling and earlier complete filling of the ON pial circulation, suggesting improved pial blood flow after surgical decompression. In follow-up the patient had significant improvements in both visual acuity and visual fields function. Intraoperative ICG angiography of the ON can demonstrate measurable changes in pial vascular flow that may be predictive of postoperative visual outcome. The predictive value of this technique during neurosurgical procedures around the optic apparatus warrants further investigation in a larger cohort.

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