scholarly journals New data about the Orlovskaya culture household in the steppe Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Vybornov ◽  
Filat Faritovich Gilyazov ◽  
Natalia Sergeevna Doga ◽  
Aleksandr Ivanovich Yudin ◽  
Evheniia Yurievna Yanish
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Late Stone Age

Researchers suggest a hypothesis that one of the indicators of the Neolithic is settlements based on stable fishing using boats and nets. The northern part of the Lower Volga region is a steppe zone. The peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions (arid climate, a small number of rivers) predetermined a low population density in comparison with other regions. The location of long-term camps is traced on different rivers on particular distance from each other. This provided normal conditions for life of the Orlovskaya culture representatives. The culture stratification in loam leaded to good preservation of faunal remains. The big archeozoological material was accumulated for reconstruction of these societies household. Hunting was carried out mainly on large ungulates. In addition, waterfowl accounted for a significant proportion. A domestic dog provided assistance in hunting. Finds of bone harpoons and hooks, accumulations of scales and bones of pike and perch are speaking about individual fishing. Stone sinkers, axes and adzes, vertebrae may suggest fishing with a net from a boat or a raft. The absence of sturgeon remains give a thought that the Bolshoi Uzen River didnt flow into the Caspian Sea in the Late Stone Age.

Population density and total biomass of microbial communities in chestnut soils and solonetzes of the dry steppe zone in the Lower Volga region

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kashirskaya ◽  
T. E. Khomutova ◽  
E. V. Chernysheva ◽  
M. V. El’tsov ◽  
V. A. Demkin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Dry Steppe

scholarly journals Identification of the photosynthetic potential of spring oat varieties in the Lower Volga Re-gion

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Nina Alekseevna Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential

In 2017-2019, in the agro-climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region, the experience of studying spring oat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin from the world collection of VIR was laid, in order to determine their photosynthetic potential, and to identify varieties with high photosynthetic productivity. Over the years of research, the most adapted varieties of this crop were selected, their photosynthetic potential was determined, and the intensity of photosynthesis during the reproductive period of development (during the main growth phases) of spring oats in the conditions of the Lower Volga region was analyzed. On average, for 3 years of studying the collection varieties of spring oats in terms of the net productivity of photosynthesis, samples were noted: Myrtle, Athlete, Urs guara, Urs penca, p. 1. 3326 It was determined that with the growth of (FP) and (BPF), the yield of oats also increased. Since this indicator directly depends on the physiological and bioclimatic processes occurring in plants during ontogenesis. In the highest yield in 2017, it varied from 0.66 to 2.01 / ha. In 2018, the minimum yield values for all varieties were obtained from 0.51 t / ha of the Dookie 10 variety to 1.78 t / ha of the Mir variety. In the conditions of 2019, the yield variability by variety was from 0.60 t / ha to 1.94 t / ha. Thus, out of the 8 studied varieties, 5 were identified - p.1. 3326, Guara Urs, Urs foam, Athlete, Myrtle, as highly productive, and therefore the most resistant to abiotic stresses of the conditions of the Lower Volga region.

scholarly journals The role of variety and forecrop in the population dynamics of Rhizoctonia solani in soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
A. A. Malyuga ◽  
N. S. Chulikova
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Peaks

Long-term studies (2014–2019) of the population dynamics of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Küch. were carried out in the soil on the Purple Majesty, Vitelotte and Fioletovy potato varieties and preceding crops (potatoes, oats and tendergreen). The study was carried out in Novosibirsk region in the soil and climatic conditions typical of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. To study the peculiarities of R. solani fungus population dynamics in potato plantations, soil samples were taken from under the plants during the entire growing season. The accumulation of rhizoctonia propagules in the soil was determined using the method of multiple soil pellets. The difference in the amount and rate of accumulation of the fungus R. solani on different varieties, as well as the influence of previous crops on this process, was established. Two peaks of the fungus accumulation were observed on the Purple Majesty variety: the first (48.7 propagules/100 g of soil) – during the full germination period, the second (57.2 propagules/100 g of soil) – at the end of the crop maturation phase. One peak was observed in the population dynamics of the fungus on Vitelotte and Fioletovy varieties, at the end of the ripening period (59.0 and 49.1 propagules/100 g soil, respectively). The smallest amount of R. solani fungus in the soil on average during the growing season was noted on the Fioletovy variety – 33.3 propagules/100 g of soil. In the Purple Majesty and Vitelotte varieties, this figure was 41.5 and 40.4 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively. When potato variety Agata was cultivated as monoculture, there was a rapid and significant accumulation of the fungus R. solani in the soil (from 34.6 to 126.8 propagules/100 g of soil). When this variety was cultivated following tendergreen or oats, the amount of the pathogen varied to a lesser extent (25.1–52.2 and 19.8–41.0 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively). No sharp increases in the number of propagative structures of the phytopathogen in the soil were noted.

scholarly journals The Poa bulbosa L. Reproductive Strategy in the Steppe Phytocenoses of the Lower Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Elmira I. Kaybeleva ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina A. Arkhipova ◽  
Olga I. Yudakova ◽  
Maxim Yu. Voronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Mediterranean Flora ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Lower Volga

Poa bulbosa L. is a native cereal of the European and Mediterranean flora and an invasive species in North America. The study of its reproductive strategy in different environmental and climatic conditions is important for the development of effective methods of containment and prevention of invasions. Plants of two coenopopulations were investigated embryologically. In addition, the morphology of reproductive organs was analyzed in 175 herbarium specimens collected in the flora of the Lower Volga region from 1919 to 2017. It was found that in the steppe phytocenoses of the Lower Volga region P. bulbosa reproduce mainly vegetatively by basal bulbs and pseudoviviparous bulblets. Rarely, seed mode reproduction in the form of facultative apomixis is realized. There was no dependence of the mode of reproduction (pseudovivipary / seed reproduction) on the date of growing season beginning and on the average temperature in the period from the beginning of the growing season to flowering. The effectiveness of pseudovivipary is low due to the aridity of the Lower Volga region climate. Bulblets germinate in inflorescences and then dry. This holds back the P. bulbosa wider distribution in the studied region.

The microbial biomass in paleosols buried under kurgans and in recent soils in the steppe zone of the Lower Volga region

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kashirskaya ◽  
T. E. Khomutova ◽  
T. S. Demkina ◽  
V. A. Demkin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga

scholarly journals Productivity of the mother root and cutting garden of the pumiselect clone rootstock in the Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
V. Zamorskyi ◽  
◽  
T. Kamedzko ◽  
T. Manushkina ◽  
M. Samoilenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Management ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Aboveground Part ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Productivity of the mother root and cutting garden of the pumiselect clone rootstock in the Steppe of Ukraine The dynamics of productivity of the mother root & cutting garden of the Pumiselect clone rootstock was studied, taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine, as well as technological aspects of crop management. In the first three years of vegetation of mother plants, there was an intensive build-up of the aboveground part of the bushes, which gave rise to transfer them to the state of operational plantings. Taking into account the annual complete alienation of growth in the next 4-9 years, significant aging of plants occurred, which was manifested in a decrease in habitus indicators, the number of shoots and their length. As a result, the productivity of mother root plantings decreased (the number of cuttings from 570.2 thousand units)/ha up to 133.6 thousand units/ha), which limited the feasibility of long-term cultivation in order to obtain lignified cuttings. Keywords: Pumiselect, clone rootstock, mother root plantings, shoots, biometric characteristics, lignified cuttings.

scholarly journals Assessment of resistance of grape varieties to mildew in the steppe zone of the Lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Nikita Valeryevich Ryazantsev ◽  
Yuriy Borisovich Ryabushkin ◽  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Grape Varieties

In the article the results of studying the peculiarities of mildew development by the macroscopic diagnostics method on the examples of 33 varieties and hybrid grapes forms in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Lower Volga Area have been reported. Indicators of the maximum infection of leaves, inflorescences and medium infection of vegetative and reproductive organs were characterized by the greatest degree of susceptibility to mildew. The degree of mildew’s distribution and development changed from year to year depending on the current year weather conditions and the features of its development in the previous year. During the seven-year period of observations three years were characterized by epiphytoties mildew. As a result of studying of grapes resistance to mildew, groups of irresistant, tolerant and resistant varieties have been distinguished.

scholarly journals Influence of changes of climate on the productivity of pratal and steppe vegetation in the Forest-steppe area of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
A. M. Polevoy ◽  
L. E. Bozhko ◽  
E. A. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Steppe Vegetation ◽  
Yield Capacity

The influence of the climate change on the agro-climatic growth conditions, development and formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine for three periods has been studied: 2021–2030, 2031–2040, 2041–2050. The calculations of the expected conditions have been performed according to the climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The paper provides an assessment of the agro-climatic conditions for the formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the current global warming and further climate change conditions until 2050. The assessment has been performed by comparing the average long-term agro-climatic indicators (1980–2010) of the productivity of wild phytocenoses with the same indicators for the future over decades. The calculations of both average long-term productivity of grasses and productivity of grasses in the conditions of climate change are executed according to four types of productivity: potential productivity which in case of optimum maintenance of plants with heat, moisture and mineral food is defined by solar radiation; meteorologically possible yield, which is provided by the temperature regime and the regime of humidification of the territory; really possible yield capacity, which is provided by the natural fertility of the soil; actual yield capacity in the natural conditions. Key words: meadow, steppe vegetation, productivity, humus balance, photosynthetic potential, agroecological categories of yields, climate change.

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