Distribution of cutworms in vegetable crops, their harm and the effectiveness of insecticides tested against them

In this article, from the tunnels that infect the underground part of vegetable crops: turnip moth (Agrotis segetum Den.et Schiff), cut worm (A. exclamationis. L.), turn black-C (Xestia c-nigrum L.), wild turn (Euxoa agricola V.), gamma turn (Mamestra suasa Schiff.), tobacco turn (Agrotis obesa B.) and epsolon turn (A. ipsilon Rotl) encounter was detected. Underground cutworms damage to tomatoes is estimated at 6-10% in Navoi, Bukhara and Khorezm regions, 12-20% in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Surkhandarya, Jizzakh and Syrdarya regions, and 20% in other regions such as Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Andijan, Fergana and Namangan. Up to 31% of underground tunnels were found to be damaged. The damage of the aboveground part cutworms was determined by 18% in Navoi, 15% in Jizzakh, 15-18% in Bukhara and Khorezm regions, 12-15% in Sirdarya, Surkhondarya, Karakalpakstan, 25-30% in the remaining regions. Against worms of months in tomatoes, Deltasis, 2,5% concentration of emulsion (deltametrin), 50% concentration of emulsion in Kurarfon (Profenofos) and Torpedo Jet, 14% soluble powder (Indoxicarb+emamectin benzoate), 2,5% concentration of emulsion in Defentox (deltametrin), when their preparations were tested, 87-93% efficiency was achieved. Contraindications: the drug Kapito 9,3% suspension concentrate (Chlorantraniliprol) is used on the account of 0,45 l/ha to 89,5%, the drug Emafos 42% soluble powder (emamectin benzoate +chlorpyrifos) to 0,6 l/ha. When used on account of 91, 3%, Koragen, 200 soluble powder (chlorantraniliprol) preparation, when applied to 0,2 l/H, 91,6% efficiency was achieved

The Effects of pH-Neutral Electrolysed Oxidising Water on Growth and Development of Chrysanthemums

The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of pH-neutral electrolysed oxidising water (pH-neutral EOW), prepared by using the Envirolyte® system, on the growth and development of chrysanthemums. The experiment included two varieties of potted ('Tonka Blanc', 'Jahou CoCo') and two cut flower varieties of chrysanthemums ('Annecy White', 'Ninja'). The test plants planted in pots were irrigated with three different solutions of pH-neutral EOW (0%, 0.1% and 0.2%). Based on the results of the study, we can confirm that pH-neutral EOW has a significant effect on the growth and development of the studied chrysanthemum varieties. In potted chrysanthemums, we found a significant effect on the increased number and diameter of inflorescences, as well as fresh and dried weight of the plant and inflorescences. Chrysanthemums for cut flowers were taller and more developed, with a greater weight of the aboveground part of the plant. Its effect on the growth and development of the studied varieties depended on the solution of the mixture. Best results were observed with the 0.2% solution of pH-neutral EOW.

Distribution of Growth-inhibitory Activity, Mineral Contents, and Functional Components in Different Tissue Parts of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) and Availability of Unusable Parts

Asparagus is a popular vegetable rich in healthy functional components. However, the process of its production leaves ferns from aboveground parts and roots from underground parts as unusable parts, and this is an issue to be resolved. In our previous studies, large amounts of rutin were noted in the cladophylls and storage roots (brown and epidermis), and the protodioscin content was high in buds, in the soil-covered section of spears, and in rhizomes. This study was conducted to examine the distribution of growth-inhibitory activity and mineral contents in different parts of asparagus. Correlations, including representative functional components (rutin and protodioscin), were examined. The results suggest there are differences in growth-inhibitory activity of different parts of asparagus. The growth-inhibitory activity was strong in the buds, rhizome, and absorptive and storage roots, and weak in the cladophylls and lateral branches. The percent N content of the aboveground part of asparagus was high compared with that in the aboveground part of other crops. Although the percent K content was similar to the mean of the aboveground part of other crops, it was higher than that in general green manure, suggesting the residual stems and leaves of the aboveground part of asparagus are effective green manure. In the aboveground part of asparagus, the rutin content and percent N and K content were higher, whereas growth-inhibitory activity tended to be low, suggesting that when no disease developed in the aboveground part, it can be used as an organic substance.

Определение устойчивости картофеля к бурой бактериальной гнили в лабораторных условиях

The resistance (sensibility) study of potato plant’s aboveground part to brown rot causative agent conducted in laboratory conditions. The used technique for infecting plants growing on artificial substrate allowed to standardize experiment conducting and to decrease the hazard of pathogen spread. The re-ceived data in such way may use in breeding for the search of resistant parents forms to disease.

Phytochemical characteristics of some plants of Northern Mongolia

The article presents the results of determining the content of pectin substances, organic acids and freesugars in 7 species (8 samples) of plants collected in the steppe regions of Northern Mongolia. These are: Armeniaca sibirica(L.) Lam. – siberian apricot, leaves; Artemisia adamsii Bess. – Adams wormwood, aboveground part; Betula fusca Pallasex Georgi - brown birch, leaves; Iris lactea Pallas, milky white iris, leaves; Polygonatum (Aconogonon) divaricatum L. –spreading knotweed (battering ram), leaves and flowers; Thermopsis dahurica Czefr. – Daurian thermopsis, abovegroundpart; Veronica incana L. – gray-haired Veronica, aboveground part. The studied species comprise a significant amountof pectin substances, citric, acetic, lactic and other organic acids, as well as free sugars: glucose, fructose, sucrose. Thequantitative content of these substances has been determined.

The influence of selective light on the growth reaction and antioxidant system of seedlings Pisum sativum L.

Aim. Study of the effect of red (660 nm), green (530 nm) and blue (450 nm) light on the growth processes and the state of the antioxidant system in the axial organs of seedlings of pea plants. Methods. Etiolated seedlings of pea Maecenat variety were irradiated with selective light with different spectrum of RL (660 nm), GL (530 nm), BL (450 nm) to activate photoreceptor systems of plants. In 10-day-old seedlings, growth response was determined – linear growth and biomass accumulation, as well as indicators of antioxidant system – hydrogen peroxide content and activity of oxidases – catalase and nonspecific peroxidase in axial organs of seedlings: in the aboveground part and roots. Results. Irradiation of the RL and the GL stimulates the accumulation of seedling biomass in the aboveground part and roots. BL inhibits the growth response of seedlings. The maximum stimulating effect is shown by the GL. The state of the antioxidant system in etiolated seedlings is characterized by organ specificity. Under the action of selective light, the content of the main form of ROS – hydrogen peroxide and shoots and in the roots, significantly stimulates the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in the aboveground part of the seedling and is inhibited in the roots. The maximum effect in the aboveground part is shown by the GL, in the roots of the RL and the BL. Conclusions. The established effects of selective light irradiation are manifested differently in the aboveground and underground parts of seedlings. Possible mechanisms of connection of a condition of antioxidant system with separate aspects of signaling in photomorphogenesis of plants are discussed. Keywords: Pisum sativum L., selective light, RL (660 nm), GL (530 nm), BL (450 nm), growth reaction, axial organs, H2O2, catalase, peroxidase.

Features of Trifolium rubens (Leguminosae) ontomorphogenesis in conditions of Ukraine

The necessary basis for studying the structure and dynamics of populations is an investigation of ontomophogenetic peculiarities and establishment of ontogenetic stages of individuals. Information about ontomorphogenesis is especially important for protected species of plants. The minimal amount of data on morphology of plants in the different periods of ontogenesis complicates plant identification and evaluation of population state conditions in nature and culture. Trifolium rubens L. is a perennial Central European plant listed in the Red Book of Ukraine as a rare species. The objective of this research is to analyze the peculiarities of ontomorphogenesis of T. rubens, to establish diagnostic signs of age stages and the sequence of their passage for identification of the multivariance of development. The results of the study on T. rubens ontomorphogeny at the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden оf the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and in the natural population in Zakarpattya are represented in this article. The terms “age stage” and “age period” are used to describe the degree of ontogenetic development of individuals. Diagnostic features of the age periods: latent, pregenerative, generative and senile are established. Detailed morphological descriptions of plants in different stages of ontogenesis are presented. The study shows a multivariate development that reveals different sequences of passing ontogenesis stages by individuals and, accordingly, the rate of their aging and life expectancy. It was found that during the first year of vegetation the plants undergo two periods (latent and pregenerative) and 5 stages of ontogeny (latent, seedlings, juvenile, immature and virginile). The first bloom in plants appears mainly in the second year of vegetation. The research showed the change of the leaf blade shape in ontogeny from simple to compound. There is a difference in the pubescence of leaf parts, and leaf shape indicates that these features are age-old. It was concluded that the aboveground part of the immature, virginile, generative individuals during the flowering period of plants differ from subsenile and senile in shape and number of leaves. In the generative period of ontogeny in dense plantings or in the natural population, it is difficult to reliably determine the boundaries of an individual by the aboveground part. The correlation between vegetative shoots of different type and generative shoots in the individual or group of plants can be used as an indicator to estimate the ontogenetic status of a particular locus or population. Successful growth of T. rubens in culture outside the natural range indicates good prospects for its ex situ protection and the implementation of measures for repatriation and restoration of populations in nature. The data of the research may be used for evaluation of the age structure of T. rubens populations.

Siliplant: impact on the intake and degradation of pesticides in potato protection

Представлены результаты исследований влияния кремниевого удобрения Силиплант на поступление и деградацию протравителя Престиж; фунгицидов Акробат МЦ, Пеннкоцеб и инсектицида Шарпей в посадках картофеля. Установлено, что Силиплант активизировал поступление действующих веществ имидаклоприд и пенцикурон в семенные клубни при обработке Престижем, увеличивая их содержание на 20,6 и 6% соответственно. В период бутонизации растений имидаклоприд в основном был обнаружен в ботве картофеля. Его наибольшее количество выявлено при обработке клубней смесью Престиж 0,6 л/т+Силиплант 60 мл/т, оно было на 45% выше, чем при обработке клубней только Престижем в норме 0,75 л/т. Содержание имидаклоприда в столонах было значительно ниже, меньше всего его поступило в молодые клубни. Престиж обеспечивал защиту растений от колорадского жука, тли и других вредителей до фазы бутонизации. Силиплант также активизировал поступление циперметрина при опрыскивании растений инсектицидом Шарпей. Содержание циперметрина в ботве было на 46% выше при опрыскивании смесью Шарпей 0,07 л/га+Силиплант 1 л/га, в сравнении с применением только Шарпея в дозе 0,1 л/га. На содержание действующих веществ фунгицидов (Акробат МЦ и Пеннкоцеб) Силиплант существенно не повлиял. Основное количество диметоморфа обнаружено в надземной части растений, в столоны его поступило меньше, и еще меньше во вновь сформировавшиеся клубни. Снижение нормы расхода препарата Акробат МЦ в два раза привело к значительному сокращению его содержания во всех частях растения. Совместное применение его меньшей дозы в сочетании с препаратом Силиплант не привело к заметному изменению его содержания в растении. Аналогичные результаты получены по содержанию манкоцеба при использовании фунгицидов как Акробат МЦ, так и Пеннкоцеб. На фоне снижения норм расхода препаратов Престиж, Акробат МЦ, Шарпей и Пеннкоцеб в смесях с препаратом Силиплант получен наибольший урожай картофеля. The article presents the results of research on the effect of Siliplant silicon fertilizer on the intake and degradation of Prestige mordant, Acrobat MC fungicides, Penncozeb, and Sharpey insecticide used in potato planting. It was found that Siliplant activated the intake of imidacloprid and pencycuron in seed tubers when treated with Prestige, increasing their content by 20.6 and 6% respectively. During the budding period of plants, imidacloprid is mainly found in the tops of potatoes. Its maximum amount was found when treating tubers with a mixture of Prestige 0.6 l/t+Siliplant 60 ml/t, it was 45 % higher than when treating tubers with Prestige alone in the norm of 0.75 l/t. The content of imidacloprid in stolons was significantly lower and less of it was received in new tubers. Prestige protected the plants from the Colorado potato beetle, aphids, and other pests until the budding phase. Siliplant also activated the intake of cypermethrin when spraying plants with the insecticide Sharpey. The cypermethrin content in the tops was 46% higher when sprayed with a Sharpey mixture of 0.07 l/ha+Siliplant 1 l/ha, in comparison with the use of one Sharpey at a dose of 0.1 l/ha. The content of the active substances of the fungicides: Acrobat MC and Pennkozeb, Sililant did not have a significant effect. The main amount of dimethomorph was found in the aboveground part of the plants, less of it was received in the stolons and even less in the newly formed tubers. Reducing the consumption rate of the MC Acrobat by 2 times led to a significant reduction in its content in all parts of the plant. When combined with a lower dose of the drug with Siliplant, it did not lead to a noticeable change in its content. Similar results were obtained for the content of mankoceb both when using the MC Acrobat and Pennkozeb. Against the background of a decrease in the consumption rates of Prestige, Acrobat MC, Sharpey and Penncozeb in mixtures with Siliplant, the greatest yield of potatoes was obtained.

GROWTH OF ANNUAL SEEDLINGS OF LARGE-FRUITED APPLE VARIETIES IN THE SUBURBAN AREA OF KRASNOYARSK

The article presents a study of the growth rates of annual seedlings of large-fruited varieties of domestic apple (Malus domestica Borkh), grown in the conditions of the upper terrace of the Botanical Garden named after M. Kru-tovsky, Krasnoyarsk. The seeds for cultivation were collected from mother trees growing on the lower and upper terrac-es of the garden. The height of the terraces differs by 28 m. It was revealed that the phenological form of apple varie-ties also affects the growth rates of seed progeny. Large size of aboveground part and weight of one leaf is noted in seedlings of winter varieties. The presence of intervarietal variability in indicators of apple seedlings was established. Fast-growing varieties (Anisik ordinary, Antipaskhalnoe, Papirovka, Pepin saffron) and individual half-sibs (Papirovka No. 44, Cinnamon striped No. 30, Grushovka Moskovskaya No. 34, White filling No. 8 and 27, Slavyanka No. 28, Aport Central Russian No. 1, Titovka No. 1, General Orlov No. 43, variety No. 22 No. 29, etc.), characterized by a greater height and diameter of the stem of annual seedlings, for further selection research