Seismic energy generated by a sudden volume change

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (5A) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Recent Suggestion ◽  
Small Density ◽  
Concentrated Source

Abstract The recent suggestion that sudden phase transitions may provide a mechanism for earthquakes is examined mathematically for the simple case of sudden change of volume. Such a transition, even for a small density change, offers a much more concentrated source of seismic energy than does sudden faulting.

ChemInform Abstract: Giant Volume Change and Topological Gaps in Temperature- and Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions: Experimental and Computational Study of ThMo2O8.

ChemInform ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (15) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Bin Xiao ◽  
Philip Kegler ◽  
Thorsten M. Gesing ◽  
Lars Robben ◽  
Ariadna Blanca-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Fluid restitution and shift of blood volume in anesthetized rabbits subject to cyclic hemorrhage

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. H190-H199
Author(s):  
A. J. LaForte ◽  
L. P. Lee ◽  
G. F. Rich ◽  
T. C. Skalak ◽  
J. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Density ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Blood Density ◽  
Volume Shift

We investigated the effect of a 10% cyclic blood volume change with a period of 2 or 4 min to study the short-term control of blood volume. In experiments with pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits, the blood density variation over a 2-min cycle is 0.94 +/- 0.04 (SE) g/l, and the plasma density variation is 0.17 +/- 0.04 g/l. The plasma density variation could result from a fluid restitution from the extravascular space (with a density 1,005 g/l), with a volume equal to 14% of the withdrawn blood volume. This restitution cannot account, however, for the entire observed density change in arterial blood. Because of the Fahraeus effect in microvascular flow, a shift in blood volume from the microvasculature is another mechanism that could lead to a decrease in the density of arterial blood. An analysis of the blood and plasma density variations indicates that a blood volume (49% of the shed volume) is shifted from the micro- to macrocirculation. This volume compensation by fluid restitution and volume shift acts to minimize the effect of hemorrhage on the filling of the venous system. We found that the blood density waveform parallels the change in blood volume. When the blood volume change reverses its direction, the density change also reverses direction with a time delay less than 8 s. The blood density variations are not altered by bilateral vagotomy or its combination with hexamethonium (a sympathetic ganglionic blocker). These observations of anesthetized rabbits indicate that the short-term compensation is primarily due to the volume shift from the microcirculation and is not regulated by humoral or neural mechanisms but by local mechanisms such as autoregulation and the passive response due to changes in microvascular pressure.

scholarly journals Phase Transitions in the “Spinel-Layered” Li1+xNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1) Cathodes upon (De)lithiation Studied with Operando Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1368
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Drozhzhin ◽  
Anastasia M. Alekseeva ◽  
Vitalii A. Shevchenko ◽  
Dmitry Chernyshov ◽  
Artem M. Abakumov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Spinel Type ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Main Component ◽  
First Order Phase

“Spinel-layered” Li1+xNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1) materials are considered as a cobalt-free alternative to currently used positive electrode (cathode) materials for Li-ion batteries. In this work, their electrochemical properties and corresponding phase transitions were studied by means of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (SXPD) in operando regime. Within the potential limit of 2.2–4.9 V vs. Li/Li+ LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with cubic spinel type structure demonstrates the capacity of 230 mAh·g−1 associated with three first-order phase transitions with significant total volume change of 8.1%. The Li2Ni0.5Mn1.5O4 material exhibits similar capacity value and subsequence of the phase transitions of the spinel phase, although the fraction of the spinel-type phase in this material does not exceed 30 wt.%. The main component of Li2Ni0.5Mn1.5O4 is Li-rich layered oxide Li(Li0.28Mn0.64Ni0.08)O2, which provides nearly half of the capacity with very small unit cell volume change of 0.7%. Lower mechanical stress associated with Li (de)intercalation provides better cycling stability of the spinel-layered complex materials and makes them more perspective for practical applications compared to the single-phase LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 high-voltage cathode material.

scholarly journals A Random Model for Argumentation Framework: Phase Transitions, Empirical Hardness, and Heuristics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Random Model ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Argumentation Framework ◽  
New Model ◽  
Case Complexity ◽  
Practical Argumentation

We propose and study, theoretically and empirically, a new random model for the abstract argumentation framework (AF). Our model overcomes some intrinsic difficulties of the only random model of directed graphs in the literature that is relevant to AFs, and makes it possible to study the typical-case complexity of AF instances in terms of threshold behaviours and phase transitions. We proved that the probability for a random AF instance to have a stable/preferred extension goes through a sudden change (from 1 to 0) at the threshold of the parameters of the new model D(n, p, q), satisfying the equation 4q/((1 + q)(1+q)) = p. We showed, empirically, that in this new model, there is a clear easy-hard-easy pattern of hardness (for a typical backtracking-style exact solvers) associated with the phase transition. Our empirical studies indicated that instances from the new model at phase transitions are much harder than those from an Erdos-Renyi-style model with equal edge density. In addition to being an analytically tractable model for understanding the interplay between problems structures and effectiveness of (branching) heuristics used in practical argumentation solvers, the model can also be used to generate, in a systematic way, non-trivial AF instances with controlled features to evaluate the performance of other AF solvers.

Paradox in phase transitions with volume change

1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2192-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Onuki
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Volume Change

Giant Volume Change and Topological Gaps in Temperature- and Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions: Experimental and Computational Study of ThMo2 O8

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xiao ◽  
Philip Kegler ◽  
Thorsten M. Gesing ◽  
Lars Robben ◽  
Ariadna Blanca-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

Electron Microscopy of Graphite Intercalation Compounds

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Timp ◽  
L. Salamanca-Riba ◽  
L.W. Hobbs ◽  
G. Dresselhaus ◽  
M.S. Dresselhaus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Lattice Plane ◽  
Wall Model ◽  
Graphite Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Fundamental Symmetry ◽  
Graphite Intercalation

Electron microscopy can be used to study structures and phase transitions occurring in graphite intercalations compounds. The fundamental symmetry in graphite intercalation compounds is the staging periodicity whereby each intercalate layer is separated by n graphite layers, n denoting the stage index. The currently accepted model for intercalation proposed by Herold and Daumas assumes that the sample contains equal amounts of intercalant between any two graphite layers and staged regions are confined to domains. Specifically, in a stage 2 compound, the Herold-Daumas domain wall model predicts a pleated lattice plane structure.

Artifacts caused by dehydration and epoxy embedding in TEM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
Hilton H. Mollenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Beam Specimen ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Resin Impregnation ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Tissue Shrinkage

Various means have been devised to preserve biological specimens for electron microscopy, the most common being chemical fixation followed by dehydration and resin impregnation. It is intuitive, and has been amply demonstrated, that these manipulations lead to aberrations of many tissue elements. This report deals with three parts of this problem: specimen dehydration, epoxy embedding resins, and electron beam-specimen interactions. However, because of limited space, only a few points can be summarized.Dehydration: Tissue damage, or at least some molecular transitions within the tissue, must occur during passage of a cell or tissue to a nonaqueous state. Most obvious, perhaps, is a loss of lipid, both that which is in the form of storage vesicles and that associated with tissue elements, particularly membranes. Loss of water during dehydration may also lead to tissue shrinkage of 5-70% (volume change) depending on the tissue and dehydrating agent.

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