Above-average working conditions among older workers in the United States but far from reaching job quality levels in top OECD countries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Job Quality

Post-Retirement Paid Work and Inequalities at Older Ages

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 416-416
Author(s):  
Benjamin Shaw ◽  
Kevin Cahill ◽  
Michael Giandrea
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Career Stage ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Employment Transitions ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Participation in paid work frequently extends beyond pensionable age, with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development observing, in “Pensions at a Glance” (2017, pp. 126–7), that effective retirement ages in high-income countries exceed normal full-pension-eligibility ages by 10 months for men and two months for women. While working after pensionable age is becoming ever more common, not all workers on the cusp of retirement are able to continue in their current position or find a new job. Remarkably, little is known about the implications of unequal access to post-retirement work for social and income inequalities in later life, nor how job quality might change as people work into the years normally set aside for retirement. The four papers in this symposium address the following questions: 1) do bridge employment transitions exacerbate or mitigate income inequality later in life? 2) how does job quality (job satisfaction, physical and psychosocial working conditions) compare before and after pensionable age? 3) which processes lead to changes in working conditions in the late career? and 4) might empirical and theoretical gains be made by considering post-pensionable-age paid work as a specific career stage? The presenters use longitudinal data from the United States (the Health and Retirement Study, HRS), Sweden (Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, SLOSH), and Japan (Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement, JSTAR) complemented by interviews with older workers in Sweden. This symposium will provide insights into the nature and consequences of working after pensionable age in contrasting institutional settings.

scholarly journals Income Tax Complexity Faced by Multinational Corporations: A Comparative Study of Canada, the United States, and Other Selected OECD Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-790
Author(s):  
Susann Sturm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tax Complexity ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Foreign Corporations

This study examines the complexity of Canada's corporate income tax system from the perspective of multinational corporations and compares it with the complexity of the US system, also taking into account measures of complexity for 19 other member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The author finds that with regard to the Canadian tax code, the most complex laws are those on corporate reorganization, transfer pricing, and controlled foreign corporations, and with regard to the Canadian tax framework, the most complex areas are tax audits, tax-law enactment, and tax guidance. In comparison with other OECD countries, Canada is remarkably similar to the United States. Both countries have a medium level of overall complexity, and both have a more complex tax code but a less complex tax framework than other countries. However, a closer examination of the Canadian and US tax codes and tax frameworks reveals some significant differences in complexity levels, particularly in respect of certain tax laws.

scholarly journals La construcción social del sueño americano en la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos. Formación y proyectos migratorios de los estudiantes de enfermería

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Patrick Pérez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
The Real ◽  
Conditions De Travail ◽  
Personnel De Santé ◽  
The Individual

En México, el “sueño americano” no deja de ser reciente, las expectativas del personal de cuidado de la salud en materia de movilidad dependen de la iniciativa individual. Los factores que determinan tanto la migración, como la admisión de los candidatos, son numerosos y difíciles de objetivar, debido a que se encuentran sedimentados por la historia y las complejas relaciones con Estados Unidos, que simbolizan la promesa de un “horizonte de movilidad abierto”, con referencia al cual se desprecian profundamente las condiciones de trabajo en el país de origen. Sin embargo, las condiciones reales de trabajo en Estados Unidos no son tan idílicas como los estudiantes gustan creerlo.Abstract: In Mexico, the “American dream” is still a topical issue. The expectations of the healthcare workers in terms of mobility depends on the individual initiative. The factors which determine migration, as well as the admission of candidates are numerous and uneasy to specify, given that they are frozen by history and complex relations with the United States, which symbolizes the promise of an “open mobility horizon”, in reference to the disregard of working conditions in their home country. However, the real working conditions in the United-States are not as idyllic as the students want to believe.Résumé : Au Mexique, le « rêve américain » n’en finit pas d’être d’actualité. Les perspectives du personnel de santé en matière de mobilité dépendent de l’initiative individuelle. Les facteurs déterminants de la migration, ainsi que de l’admission des candidats sont nombreux et difficiles à spécifier, puisqu’ils sont figés par l’histoire et les relations complexes avec les États-Unis, lesquels symbolisent la promesse d’un « horizon de mobilité ouvert », et font référence au mépris des conditions de travail dans le pays d’origine. Cependant, les conditions réelles de travail aux États-Unis ne sont pas aussi idylliques que les étudiants veulent le croire.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1974 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Economic Position

The world economic position and prospects have worsened further in the last three months. In the United States and Japan, in particular, recessionary conditions are proving to be more marked and more prolonged than we had expected, and it looks as though by the end of the year all the major industrial countries, with the possible exception of France, will have experienced at least one quarter in which output has fallen or at best shown no appreciable rise. The other developed countries have fared better, but we no longer expect there to be any growth of output in the OECD area either in the second half of the year or in the year as a whole. In 1975 the position should be rather better, at least by the second half. We expect OECD countries' aggregate GNP to grow by about 2 per cent year-on-year and nearly 3 per cent between the fourth quarters of 1974 and 1975.

Remembering RIC Pfeffer, Celebrating His Work

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Vicente Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Working People

This speech was given in a homage celebration to Ric Pfeffer on the occasion of his retirement. The article pays tribute to Ric's life and work, showing how his commitment to improve the life and working conditions of the population of the United States led him to stand up to many powerful forces that determined the nature of awards and visibility in this country. The article concludes that it is because of people like Ric Pfeffer that the quality of life improves for working people, even though the Establishment of this country, responsible for most of what is wrong, marginalizes and ignores them.

A Method for Forecasting Hailstone Size at the Earth's Surface*

1953 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest J. Fawbush ◽  
Robert C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Freezing Level ◽  
Air Column ◽  
Real Test

All upper-air soundings in the United States have been evaluated since January 1, 1950 and 274 selected as representative of air in which hailstones of known size formed. These soundings are summarized and several parameters which are or may be useful in forecasting are discussed. A graph is presented, which permits the translation of a forecast of air structure into one of hailstone size and two groups of forecasts are summarized to show the validity of this forecasting tool. The forecasts discussed were prepared in practical situations by meteorologists on regular forecasting duty and issued before the storms occurred. They therefore constitute a real test of the method under working conditions. Evidence is presented to show a very striking relation between the incidence of surface hail and the height of the wet bulb freezing level above the terrain. It was found that in 91.6% of the 274 representative soundings, the wet bulb freezing levels were between 5000 and 12,000 feet above the surface and the larger the reported surface hail, the greater the concentration of these levels near 8000 feet. It is emphasized that the method of hail forecasting discussed is not susceptible to machine methods, but depends on accurate prognostication of the thermodynamic structure of the air column as it changes in time and space.

Changing Occupational Characteristics of U.S. Immigrants

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. De Jong ◽  
Marilou C. Legazpi Blair
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Immigrant Worker ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
United States Immigration ◽  
States Immigration ◽  
America South ◽  
Skilled Immigrant

Although the proportion of legal immigrants to the United States reporting an occupation remained nearly stable from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s, there was a decline in the proportion of immigrant workers admitted with professional and technical occupations — a trend that the 1990 Immigration Act seeks to address in this decade. Using 1972 and 1986 United States Immigration and Naturalization Service public use data, this analysis shows that a major explanation for the decline is the recomposition of immigrant worker streams; notably large increases in admissions from Mexico and Central America, South America and the Caribbean vs. Asian workers; and increases in immediate family numerically exempt and sixth preference new arrivals and older workers — all categories with a low proportion of professional and technical workers. Contrary to expectations, immigrants admitted with family preference visas recorded an increase in professional and technical workers, even though the proportion of highly skilled immigrant workers in this admission category is still quite low.

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