A Method for Forecasting Hailstone Size at the Earth's Surface*

1953 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest J. Fawbush ◽  
Robert C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Freezing Level ◽  
Air Column ◽  
Real Test

All upper-air soundings in the United States have been evaluated since January 1, 1950 and 274 selected as representative of air in which hailstones of known size formed. These soundings are summarized and several parameters which are or may be useful in forecasting are discussed. A graph is presented, which permits the translation of a forecast of air structure into one of hailstone size and two groups of forecasts are summarized to show the validity of this forecasting tool. The forecasts discussed were prepared in practical situations by meteorologists on regular forecasting duty and issued before the storms occurred. They therefore constitute a real test of the method under working conditions. Evidence is presented to show a very striking relation between the incidence of surface hail and the height of the wet bulb freezing level above the terrain. It was found that in 91.6% of the 274 representative soundings, the wet bulb freezing levels were between 5000 and 12,000 feet above the surface and the larger the reported surface hail, the greater the concentration of these levels near 8000 feet. It is emphasized that the method of hail forecasting discussed is not susceptible to machine methods, but depends on accurate prognostication of the thermodynamic structure of the air column as it changes in time and space.

scholarly journals Revealing the spatial shifting pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhu ◽  
Xinyue Ye ◽  
Steven Manson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Standard Series ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe describe the use of network modeling to capture the shifting spatiotemporal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common approach to tracking COVID-19 cases over time and space is to examine a series of maps that provide snapshots of the pandemic. A series of snapshots can convey the spatial nature of cases but often rely on subjective interpretation to assess how the pandemic is shifting in severity through time and space. We present a novel application of network optimization to a standard series of snapshots to better reveal how the spatial centres of the pandemic shifted spatially over time in the mainland United States under a mix of interventions. We find a global spatial shifting pattern with stable pandemic centres and both local and long-range interactions. Metrics derived from the daily nature of spatial shifts are introduced to help evaluate the pandemic situation at regional scales. We also highlight the value of reviewing pandemics through local spatial shifts to uncover dynamic relationships among and within regions, such as spillover and concentration among states. This new way of examining the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of network-based spatial shifts offers new story lines in understanding how the pandemic spread in geography.

scholarly journals Nostalgia of Time and Return of Space: An Analysis of the Artistic Dimensions of Oates' Early Novels

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
A'na Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
The United States ◽  
Joyce Carol Oates ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Psychological Realism ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Early Novel

Joyce Carol Oates’ early novel art is represented by the tetralogy of Wonderland. As a representative writer of “psychological realism”, she dissolves the character consciousness with dialogue characteristics into time and space. Oates constructed a nostalgic time and homecoming space, which showing the cultural landscape of the 1960s’ in the United States.

scholarly journals La construcción social del sueño americano en la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos. Formación y proyectos migratorios de los estudiantes de enfermería

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Patrick Pérez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
The Real ◽  
Conditions De Travail ◽  
Personnel De Santé ◽  
The Individual

En México, el “sueño americano” no deja de ser reciente, las expectativas del personal de cuidado de la salud en materia de movilidad dependen de la iniciativa individual. Los factores que determinan tanto la migración, como la admisión de los candidatos, son numerosos y difíciles de objetivar, debido a que se encuentran sedimentados por la historia y las complejas relaciones con Estados Unidos, que simbolizan la promesa de un “horizonte de movilidad abierto”, con referencia al cual se desprecian profundamente las condiciones de trabajo en el país de origen. Sin embargo, las condiciones reales de trabajo en Estados Unidos no son tan idílicas como los estudiantes gustan creerlo.Abstract: In Mexico, the “American dream” is still a topical issue. The expectations of the healthcare workers in terms of mobility depends on the individual initiative. The factors which determine migration, as well as the admission of candidates are numerous and uneasy to specify, given that they are frozen by history and complex relations with the United States, which symbolizes the promise of an “open mobility horizon”, in reference to the disregard of working conditions in their home country. However, the real working conditions in the United-States are not as idyllic as the students want to believe.Résumé : Au Mexique, le « rêve américain » n’en finit pas d’être d’actualité. Les perspectives du personnel de santé en matière de mobilité dépendent de l’initiative individuelle. Les facteurs déterminants de la migration, ainsi que de l’admission des candidats sont nombreux et difficiles à spécifier, puisqu’ils sont figés par l’histoire et les relations complexes avec les États-Unis, lesquels symbolisent la promesse d’un « horizon de mobilité ouvert », et font référence au mépris des conditions de travail dans le pays d’origine. Cependant, les conditions réelles de travail aux États-Unis ne sont pas aussi idylliques que les étudiants veulent le croire.

Remembering RIC Pfeffer, Celebrating His Work

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Vicente Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Working People

This speech was given in a homage celebration to Ric Pfeffer on the occasion of his retirement. The article pays tribute to Ric's life and work, showing how his commitment to improve the life and working conditions of the population of the United States led him to stand up to many powerful forces that determined the nature of awards and visibility in this country. The article concludes that it is because of people like Ric Pfeffer that the quality of life improves for working people, even though the Establishment of this country, responsible for most of what is wrong, marginalizes and ignores them.

The Closing of the Constitution

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 861-866
Author(s):  
Kevin Arlyck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
American Constitution ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Federalist Papers ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth

Anyone who picks up a recent volume of the United States Reports or a prominent legal journal will be sure to find judges and lawyers debating, in agonizing detail, the meaning of a particular word or phrase in the Constitution. Marshaling late-eighteenth century dictionaries and legal treatises, records of debates from the drafting and ratifying conventions, and well-thumbed copies of the Federalist Papers, modern constitutional interlocutors will scrutinize text, structure, and history to discern an inherent logic. Above all, although disputants will endlessly contest what a particular provision means, they largely agree on what the Constitution itself is: as Jonathan Gienapp puts it in The Second Creation: Fixing the American Constitution in the Founding Era, “an artifact circumscribed in time and space,” the “fixed Constitution” that we have been collectively dissecting since the late 1780s (10).

History of Labor in the United States, 1896-1932, Vol. III: Working Conditions

1937 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Colston Warne ◽  
Don D. Lescohier ◽  
Elizabeth Brandeis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of

Psychosocial Stressors and the Short Life Spans of Legendary Jazz Musicians

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Patalano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
Classical Musicians

Mean age at death of 168 legendary jazz musicians and 100 renowned classical musicians were compared to examine whether psychosocial stressors such as severe substance abuse, haphazard working conditions, lack of acceptance of jazz as an art form in the United States, marital and family discord, and a vagabond life style may have contributed to shortened life spans for the jazz musicians. Analysis indicated that the jazz musicians died at an earlier age (57.2 yr.) than the classical musicians (73.3 yr.).

Adjuncts in Higher Education in the United States

Education ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Hecht ◽  
Isabel Balseiro ◽  
Daniel Maxey
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Tenure Track ◽  
Advanced Degrees ◽  
International Graduate ◽  
Tier System

Although teaching remains the province of tenured and tenure-track professors in some elite colleges and universities in the United States, this arrangement is increasingly anomalous in many other institutions of higher learning. “Contingent professors” (here used interchangeably with the term “adjuncts”) refers to anyone teaching at the tertiary level who is not in the tenure stream. This entry refers principally to those with higher degrees who are paid by the course. The shift away from the tenure system may not have been as rapid as is often thought (it dates back at least some decades), but it is a sweeping change. Contingents now constitute a significant majority of academics. In 1969, over 78 percent of faculty were tenured or tenure-track; by 2009, that figure had declined to about 33 percent. Research faculty, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows are not included in those figures; if they were, the overall representation of adjunct or contingent faculty in higher education would be considerably higher. Most contingent professors teach for a living; some may hope to land a tenure-track position. Others have full-time jobs and teach out of pleasure; yet others, having reached the end of their careers, prefer to teach at a more leisurely pace. Some do it for a short time, whereas others make a lifelong career of it. A considerable portion of non-tenured teachers in the United States are international graduate students or postdoctoral scholars, many of whom have financial, immigration, and communication challenges. What these educators have in common is that their jobs are insecure and can be terminated without review or explanation. The pay is low, sometimes close to minimum wage if examined on an hourly basis; more often than not, those paid by the course receive no benefits. Once hailed as the road to equality, higher education is now imparted in a context of stark inequity—a two-tier system in which some have a job for life, and others can be dismissed at any time. When the policy of paying faculty by the course is defended by institutional leaders, it is often with reference to the purported goal of achieving a certain nimbleness in matching the workforce with changing enrollments, the need to balance budgets, and an alleged surplus of scholars with advanced degrees. However, the inequity in pay, benefits, and working conditions is so stark that discussion of adjuncts has moved beyond the mere denunciation of their working conditions to an increased interest in improving those conditions. Nevertheless, the status of adjuncts raises many questions. How does this policy affect student learning? What does it mean that most professors now lack traditional academic protections of freedom of speech? Is it acceptable that the majority of academics are excluded from institutional decisionmaking while also lacking any clear path toward advancement on the job? Are unions addressing the needs of adjunct professors?

Migrant Workers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wolff ◽  
Karen Dodge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Social Work Programs

This entry discusses migrant workers in the United States and the unique circumstances and conditions they face. Included in the discussion are social problems faced by migrants with respect to health, housing, working conditions, child labor, and education. Policy issues are addressed, including relevant national, international, and corporate laws. Migrant patterns, demographics, and definitions are presented. Finally, social work programs, responses, and interventions are identified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document