scholarly journals Fitonematoides e Estratégias Adotadas em seu Controle

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Débora Perdigão Tejo ◽  
Carlos Henrique Dos Santos Fernandes ◽  
Juliana Sawada Buratto
Keyword(s):  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus

Os fitonematoides são organismos parasitas que habitam o substrato do solo e acarretam inúmeros prejuízos na esfera agrícola mundial. O poder de devastação destes organismos se potencializa em função de dificuldade envolvida no manejo visando sua redução populacional em áreas de exploração agrícola. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar os nematoides que causam maiores danos em espécies vegetais cultivadas na agricultura e exibir metodologias de controle da população de nematoides em áreas de cultivo. Entre as espécies com maior destaque na agricultura estão Pratylenchus brachyurus e Heterodera glycines, que acarretam prejuízos na agricultura por ocasionarem lesões no sistema radicular de diversas espécies vegetais cultivadas de interesse econômico. Metodologias de controle vêm sendo adotadas na tentativa de reduzir os prejuízos, entre essas, o controle químico por meio de moléculas químicas que podem resultar em outros transtornos em determinadas situações, controle biológico ainda pouco utilizado, porém com inúmeras vantagens, resistência genética, rotação de culturas e cultivo de espécies antagônicas a proliferação de nematoides. Por meio do desenvolvimento deste trabalho ficou evidenciado que os fitonematoides ocasionam problemas na produção agrícola, podendo comprometer, em alguns casos, dependendo do nível de infestação da área e da espécie vegetal cultivada, a produção total de uma lavoura. O método mais aconselhado de controle é o cultivo de espécies nas quais o nematoide não parasite, quebrando desta forma seu ciclo e reduzindo a população na área inicialmente comprometida.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL NEMATICIDES ASSOCIATED WITH POULTRY LITTER IN THE CONTROL OF NEMATODES IN SOYBEAN AND SECOND CORN CROP

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-589
Author(s):  
TAYRLEN EDUARDO AMORIM ROSA ◽  
JEAN CRAMENAK DE SOUZA ◽  
WELLINGTON JOSÉ PEREIRA ◽  
JANAINA ALVES DE ALMEIDA MOREIRA ◽  
FERNANDO GODINHO DE ARAÚJO
Keyword(s):  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Soybean Plants

ABSTRACT Alternative management measures have been used to reduce nematode population levels in affected areas. In this perspective, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency of nematicides based on fungus and bacterium, associated with poultry litter applied via ground in the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus and Heterodera glycines in soybean and corn crops in succession. The experiment was conducted in the 2018/19 growing season in the municipality of Ipameri– GO (-17°34’55.58”S−48°12’02.35”O) in naturally infested field, arranged in a randomized block design, with 10 treatments and 4 replicates, being: T1- Witness/ control, T2- Poultry litter, T3- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum, T4- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis, T5- P. chlamydosporia, T6- Abamectina, T7- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + Poultry litter, T8- B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + Poultry litter, T9- P. chlamydosporia + Poultry litter, T10- Abamectina + Poultry litter. The poultry litter was added in the soil 10 days before planting. The plots were composed of 6 lines of 6 m, with a spacing of 0.5 m. In the soybean crop at 45 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), the fresh weight of the roots (MFR), nematological variables and productivity were evaluated. In corn, only nematological variables were evaluated at 60 DAS. The treatments using P. lilacinum + T. harzianum and B. subtillis + B. licheniformes increased the MFR and reduced the number of P. brachyurus and H. glycines at the root. P. chlamydosporia associated with poultry litter increased in productivity in soybean plants.

scholarly journals Uso de esterco bovino e cobertura de solo no manejo de nematoides na cultura da soja

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Mauro Junior Natalino da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus

As doenças causadas por nematoides são consideradas importantes devido ao hábito polífago desses patógenos, estratégias de sobrevivência e aos prejuízos econômicos causados. No Brasil, as espécies que provocam os maiores danos na cultura da soja são: Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, Heterodera glycines, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Rotylenchulus reniformis e Aphelenchoides sp. Recentemente, surgiram relatos de incidência, em algumas regiões, de Tubixaba spp., Scutellonema brachyurus e Helicotylenchus dihystera. Dessa forma, é necessária a utilização de estratégias de manejo que auxiliem na redução dos níveis populacionais desses fitoparasitas. O uso de esterco bovino, associado a espécies vegetais para cobertura de solo, apresentase como uma alternativa para manejo de nematoides na cultura da soja, devido a um conjunto de propriedades nematostáticas e nematicidas, ao efeito benéfico às plantas e ao estímulo do desenvolvimento de inimigos naturais. São indicadas espécies de plantas que produzam resíduos que cubram melhor o solo, deixem mais palhada, distribuam seus sistemas radiculares pivotantes e/ou fasciculados, mantenham ou aumentem os teores de carbono, e incrementem a densidade/ riqueza macro e microbiológica. Esta revisão tem o objetivo de apresentar e discutir os principais efeitos do uso de matéria orgânica e alternativas de manejo e controle de nematoides na cultura da soja com o emprego de esterco bovino e cobertura de solo com diferentes espécies de plantas.

scholarly journals Tagetes minuta Propagation and Interaction With Nematoide

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Camila T. Stroze ◽  
Fernando C. Baida ◽  
Maria I. Balbi-Peña ◽  
Cláudia R. Dias-Arieira ◽  
Débora C. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Plant Parasite ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Nematode Penetration ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Tagetes minuta is a plant presenting pest and disease control potential, although its activity on some plant parasite nematode species is poorly investigated. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the best T. minuta propagation way, as well as the plant reaction to nematodes such as Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus brachyurus, through nematode penetration and reproduction studies and root morphological assessments. Seedlings obtained from woody cuttings showed larger rooting and stem diameter. Heterodera glycines penetration was higher than that recorded for M. incognita. However, both species recorded reproduction factor (RF) lower than one, as well as maximum RF values 0.34 and 0.02 for H. glycines and M. incognita, respectively. The highest FR recorded for T. minuta were found in P. brachyurus (0.96 and 0.80) in the 60th and 80th day after inoculation (DAI). Root anatomy changes were observed in the 80th DAI in plants inoculated with P. brachyurus. Tagetes minuta was resistant to all nematodes; however, it did not prevent P. brachyurus activity in its roots.

scholarly journals Comparação entre Técnicas de Coloração de Raízes de Soja Infectadas por Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita e Pratylenchus brachyurus

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Fernando Godinho de Araújo ◽  
Kássia Aparecida Garcia Barbosa ◽  
Leonardo De Castro Santos ◽  
Renato Andrade Teixeira ◽  
Mara Rubia da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus

Conduziu-se experimento em casa de vegetação para avaliar a eficiência de duas técnicas de coloração de raízes de soja cultivar Emgopa 313, infectadas pelos três principais fitonematóides que afetam a cultura: Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita e Pratylenchus brachyurus. Foram realizadas três avaliações aos 10, 17 e 25 dias após o plantio da soja em solo naturalmente infestado, com os nematóides avaliados. A técnica empregando clareamento com NaOCl e fucsina ácida e a técnica que emprega lacto-glicerol e fucsina ácida foram eficientes na coloração dos nematóides, permitindo a sua visualização no interior do tecido radicular. Em função da duração do ciclo de vida do P. brachyurus não foi possível a visualização desses nematóides nos tecidos radiculares na primeira avaliação empregando a técnica do clareamento e coloração com fucsina ácida, e na segunda avaliação, em ambas as técnicas testadas. Para tecidos mais tenros a técnica que emprega o clareamento seria a mais indicada por facilitar a visualização dos nematóides, já que os tecidos sofrem certa descoloração, e por utilizar uma menor quantidade de corante, o que auxilia no processo de descoloração.

scholarly journals Weeds Hosting the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe): Management Implications in Agroecological Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. Rocha ◽  
Karla L. Gage ◽  
Mirian F. Pimentel ◽  
Jason P. Bond ◽  
Ahmad M. Fakhoury
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Sites Of Action

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major soybean-yield-limiting soil-borne pathogen, especially in the Midwestern US. Weed management is recommended for SCN integrated management, since some weed species have been reported to be hosts for SCN. The increase in the occurrence of resistance to herbicides complicates weed management and may further direct ecological–evolutionary (eco–evo) feedbacks in plant–pathogen complexes, including interactions between host plants and SCN. In this review, we summarize weed species reported to be hosts of SCN in the US and outline potential weed–SCN management interactions. Plants from 23 families have been reported to host SCN, with Fabaceae including most host species. Out of 116 weeds hosts, 14 species have known herbicide-resistant biotypes to 8 herbicide sites of action. Factors influencing the ability of weeds to host SCN are environmental and edaphic conditions, SCN initial inoculum, weed population levels, and variations in susceptibility of weed biotypes to SCN within a population. The association of SCN on weeds with relatively little fitness cost incurred by the latter may decrease the competitive ability of the crop and increase weed reproduction when SCN is present, feeding back into the probability of selecting for herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Therefore, proper management of weed hosts of SCN should be a focus of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to prevent further eco–evo feedbacks in the cropping system.

scholarly journals Pratylenchus brachyurus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) on macadamia in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Bonfim ◽  
A. C. Z. Machado ◽  
J. V. Araújo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus

Efficacy of the fungi Hirsutella minnesotensis and H. rhossiliensis from liquid culture for control of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufen Liu ◽  
Senyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Shoot Weight

AbstractHirsutella minnesotensis and H. rhossiliensis are endoparasites of nematodes, and their biological control potential against Heterodera glycines when cultured and applied on corn grits has been reported. In this study, the potential of liquid cultures of the two fungi was evaluated in two glasshouse experiments. Both liquid culture at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g of fresh mycelium/300 cm3 soil (per pot) and solid culture at 1% (corn grits: soil, w/w) reduced nematode egg population densities in both autoclaved and unheated soils as compared with soil-only control or corn-grits control. However, the liquid culture at 0.2–0.8 g of mycelium/pot appeared to be more effective in reducing the nematode population than the solid culture of 1%. Hirsutella rhossiliensis resulted in lower nematode population density than H. minnesotensis only in unheated soil in one experiment. The soil heat treatment generally increased the nematode population density but did not affect percentage reduction of the nematode population density as compared with respective controls, except that reduction by H. rhossiliensis was greater in unheated soil than heat-treated soil in one experiment. Percentage of second-stage juveniles (J2) parasitised by fungi at the end of the experiment (60 days after planting) was generally higher with H. minnesotensis than with H. rhossiliensis. The percentage parasitism was positively correlated with initial fungal inoculation level. The soil heat treatment increased fungal parasitism in one experiment but not in the other. Plant growth was unaffected by treatments except that the soil heat treatment increased plant shoot weight as compared with unheated soil in one experiment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document