scholarly journals Hydrologiczne i geomorfologiczne skutki ekstremalnego opadu w maju 2014 roku w zlewni Rybnego Potoku (Masyw Babiej Góry)

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Paweł Franczak
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Continuous Modeling ◽  
Transported Material

<p>Mountain streams are subject to continuous modeling of river beds during floods. The greatest changes occur within them, however, during the catastrophic floods caused by sudden rainfall. The increase in the intensity of transformation occurs in forest areas, where the wooden logs carried by the swollen streams create a dumping ground, around which there is a greater accumulation of transported material and the formation of an increased mosaic of geomorphological forms.</p><p>The study was conducted in the Rybny Potok catchment area (Babia Góra National Park). The flooding occurred on 15–16 May 2014 due to the heavy rainfall, which on 15 May amounted to 138 mm. Whereas 216.5 mm of rainfall fell in the catchment area in three days. This resulted in a sudden and full spate streams, contributing to a significant transformation in the bottoms of their geomorphological valleys. There were created many new forms, while the pre-existing increased their size.</p>

scholarly journals The role of catastrophic floods in shaping the morphology of river beds in small mountain catchment areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Paweł Franczak
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Mountain Catchment ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Transported Material

Abstract Mountain streams are subjected to the continuous reshaping of their river beds during floods, with the greatest changes occurring during extreme floods caused by sudden and heavy rainfall. River bed transformations during these flash floods are more severe in forested areas, where wooden logs carried by swollen streams are more likely to be deposited on the ground, which in turn leads to the greater accumulation of other transported material and debris. The study was conducted in the Rybny Potok catchment area (Babia Góra National Park). An extreme flash flood occurred on 15–16 May 2014 because of heavy rainfall, which, on 15 May amounted to 138 mm. The total amount of precipitation in the catchment area was 216.5 mm in three days. This resulted in sudden and full streams in spate, contributing to significant geomorphological transformations reaching all the way to the bottom of the river beds. During the flash flood, already established river beds and streams increased in size and many new river courses were formed.

Long-term changes in water quality and ecological status of lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone with special reference to effectiveness of the lakes’ protection

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka E. Ławniczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Protection Strategies

AbstractThis paper evaluates water quality and ecological status of lakes located in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone. Changes in water quality were analyzed from 1974 to 2012 in order to assess the effectiveness of the protection strategies implemented on the studied lakes since 1957, i.e. the date when the park was established. The ecological status of the lakes was assessed with the use of macrophytes as well as hydromorphological and physicochemical analyses performed in 2012. Changes in water quality of the studied lakes within the last 40 years were analyzed based on available published and unpublished data, as well as field studies. All water bodies are characterized by advanced eutrophication. However, evaluation of the ecological status showed good status of the charophyte-dominated lakes, i.e. Lake Wielkowiejskie and Lake Budzyńskie. Lack of significant differences in physicochemical water qualities between the park and its buffer zone indicated that measures implemented to protect the water, particularly in the park, are ineffective. This study shows that more radical conservation measures are necessary to protect and improve the water quality, not only in WPN and its buffer zone but also in the whole catchment area.

scholarly journals A Study of the Aquatic Insects of Two Rocky Mountain Streams in Grand Teton National Park

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Donald Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Systematic Collection ◽  
Rocky Mountain Streams

An investigation of the insect faunas of Pilgrim and Pacific Creeks was carried out for comparison and contrast of the two streams. The possibility of placer mining at Pacific Creek emphasized the need of the study at this point in time. Systematic collection of insects and physical data from the streams provide information on habitats which are essentially unaltered by man. It is hoped that this research will form the groundwork for future studies and provide data for reference in the event of ecological disturbance of either habitat.

Living with Fire

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hansen ◽  
Tom Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Human History ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shallow Basin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Yarra River

Within the Yarra River catchment area nestles the valley of Steels Creek, a small shallow basin in the lee of Kinglake plateau and the Great Dividing Range. The escarpment walls of the range drop in a series of ridges to the valley and form the south-eastern boundary of the Kinglake National Park. The gentle undulations that flow out from the valley stretch into the productive and picturesque landscape of Victoria’s famous wine growing district, the Yarra Valley. Late on the afternoon of 7 February 2009, the day that came to be known as Black Saturday, the Kinglake plateau carried a massive conflagration down the fringing ranges into the Steels Creek community. Ten people perished and 67 dwellings were razed in the firestorm. In the wake of the fires, the devastated residents of the valley began the long task of grieving, repairing, rebuilding or moving on while redefining themselves and their community. In Living with Fire, historians Tom Griffiths and Christine Hansen trace both the history of fire in the region and the human history of the Steels Creek valley in a series of essays which examine the relationship between people and place. These essays are interspersed with four interludes compiled from material produced by the community. In the immediate aftermath of the fire many people sought to express their grief, shock, sadness and relief in artwork. Some painted or wrote poetry, while others collected the burnt remains of past treasures from which they made new objects. These expressions, supplemented by historical archives and the essays they stand beside, offer a sensory and holistic window into the community’s contemporary and historical experiences. A deeply moving book, Living with Fire brings to life the stories of one community’s experience with fire, offering a way to understand the past, and in doing so, prepare for the future.

scholarly journals Macroinvertebrates as tadpole food: importance and body size relationships

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia L. Dutra ◽  
Marcos Callisto
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
National Park ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Lotic Ecosystems ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Minas Gerais State

Macroinvertebrates as food were recorded for three anurans tadpoles: Hyla saxicola (Bokermann, 1964) (Hylidae), Scinax machadoi (Bokermann & Sazima, 1973) (Hylidae), and Bufo rubescens (Lutz, 1925) (Bufonidae). These species are commonly found in the mountain streams at Serra do Cipó National Park, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Tadpoles were collected in pools of second-order reach in Mascates stream and third and fourth order reaches of Indaiá stream from March-October, 2003. Biometrical data were recorded before dissecting each individual and a feeding importance index was estimated. Eight taxa of chironomids and three taxa of mayfly exuviae were found in the guts, but no significantly differences were found between tadpole species (ANOVA, p > 0.05). The results support the drift transport hypothesis that predicts that tadpoles commonly ingest suspended matter in lotic ecosystems, are generalist feeders, and macroinvertebrates are probably incidental ingested.

scholarly journals The Ecology of Rawa Aopa, a Peat-swamp in Sulawesi, Indonesia

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zwahlen
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Primary Forests

Rawa Aopa is a large swamp in South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia — the only major peat-swamp in this mainly mountainous island. Its vegetation and fauna are still quite poorly known. The existing information is summarized here. With the creation of new villages as part of Indonesia's transmigration programme, the human population in this area has increased very rapidly. Pressure on natural resources — especially soils and forests — is increasing, and primary forests are dwindling rapidly. This in turn increases the threats to Rawa Aopa, as erosion in its catchment area inevitably leads to a rapid silting up of the swamp. The swamp has a potential as a source of food (fish and sago) and income (rattan and other products), and it might to some degree become a tourist attraction.From a scientific point of view, the gaps in the knowledge about water-regime, vegetation, and fauna, ought to be remedied. In order to attain sustainable utilization of this area, a thorough plan ought to be made for the whole catchment of Rawa Aopa. The most important measure to take is the protection of the forests covering the hills and the surroundings of the swamp. Also important very widely is the protection of soils. Furthermore, it is recommended to include the northern part of the swamp in the already-existing Rawa Aopa—Watumohai National Park.

Estimating the risk from sewage treatment plant effluent in the Sydney catchment area

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1707-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. van den Akker ◽  
V. Whiffin ◽  
P. Cox ◽  
P. Beatson ◽  
N. J. Ashbolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Tolerable Risk ◽  
Hazardous Event

This study employed Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) to estimate the gastrointestinal risks associated with Cryptosporidium and Giardia discharged from three STPs located within the Lake Burragorang catchment. The QMRA considered baseline and various hazardous event scenarios (e.g. plant failure and heavy rainfall). Under baseline conditions, the combined effect of constructed barriers, catchment barriers and dilution reduced pathogen numbers from the discharge of all three STPs by 10 to 14 orders of magnitude. This was sufficient for the risk to be well below currently mooted benchmarks of ‘tolerable risk’, even when relatively conservative assumptions were applied. For all hazardous event scenarios, the level of risk remained low, which illustrated the benefit of multiple barriers. Provisionally it appears that the STPs currently discharging into the waterways of the catchment do not pose an unacceptable or unmanageable risk to Sydney's drinking water consumers.

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