scholarly journals Development of Alginate-Montmorillonite-Starch with Encapsulated Trichoderma harzianum and Evaluation of Conidia Shelf Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Fariz Adzmi
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Field Application ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Encapsulation Method ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Biological control agents, such as Trichoderma harzianum, are widely used in sustainable agriculture. However, commercialisation and mass production of biocontrol products have remained a challenge, especially in viability and efficiency in field application. The encapsulation method has emerged as a sophisticated technique to develop the formulation of T. harzianum. Hence, encapsulation through extrusion was used to prepare T. harzianum beads. The physical characteristics comprising weight, diameter, and swelling ability of the beads were significantly improved when the starch percentage was increased. Alginate-montmorillonite-starch (10%) revealed the lowest shrinkage and the highest swelling ability. The interaction within the functional groups of alginate, montmorillonite, and starch was confirmed by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) study. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopic analysis exposed compatible scattering of montmorillonite particles and starch granules over the alginate linkages. Meanwhile, the X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the exfoliation between starch and montmorillonite. Storage of T. harzianum beads at 5°C was more suitable than storage at 28°C. At low temperature, the encapsulated T. harzianum beads maintained their viability at 6.59 ± 0.12 log CFU g−1 for an effective threshold value for up to seven months. The current findings indicated that the combination of alginate, montmorillonite, and starch is the best formulation of encapsulated T. harzianum with improved conidia shelf life. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Transition Hausmannite Nanoparticles Embedded on Uniform Carbon Micro Spheres Synthesis for Electrochemical Examination

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Maghemite Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Spheres ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Charge Discharge

Carbon spheres wrapped by maghemite nanoparticles were synthesized through facile hydrothermal method. The structural parameters were analyzed through powder x-ray diffraction analysis. Functional groups were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. The prepared carbon spheres wrapped by maghemite nanoparticles morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopic analysis. The elemental composition and distribution of elements were examined by energy dispersive spectroscopic technique with mapping. Redox property, charge discharge mechanism was done through cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge studies.

scholarly journals Effective Temperature of ZnO Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
San San Htwe ◽  
Sanda Win ◽  
Myint Myint Swe ◽  
Sandar Win
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Uv Visible

In modern science Nanotechnology is the field for the researchers. Nanoparticles have a size of 1-100 nm with a surrounding interfacial layer. Many researchers characterize significantly concerning medical chemistry, atomic physics, and all other known fields. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized with precipitation method after annealing the precursor at different temperatures. The effects of annealing temperatures for the precursors on the particle size of ZnO NPs were investigated. The structure and composition of the precursor and prepared ZnO NPs will study using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis (SEM), and the optical properties of the ZnO NPs will characterize using UV-visible spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Effects of Boron and Carbon Added Titanium Filler on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-15-3 Alloy Weldments

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Izzul Adli Bin Mohd Arif ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Talari ◽  
N Kishore Babu ◽  
Ahmad Lutfi Bin Anis ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Gas Tungsten Arc ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis

Microstructural and mechanical properties beta Titanium (β-Ti) weldments can be improved by grain refinement and formation of insoluble precipitates in the weld. This paper reports the effect of Boron (B) and Carbon (C) addition to Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al (Ti-15-3) fillers on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti-15-3 gas tungsten arc weldments. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed the presence of β-Ti phase in the weldments prepared without the filler modification, while additional TiB and TiC phases are observed in the weldments prepared with fillers modified with B and C, respectively. B and C addition to the fillers has resulted in the grain refinement of the weldments and the grain size reduction is seen to be higher with the increasing B and C addition. The formation of TiB, TiC and growth restriction effect due to the presence of B and C in the filler resulted in the decreased grain size of the β-Ti weldments. Mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength improved as the amount of B and C addition increased. The improvement of mechanical properties is contributed by the grain refinement and the formation of TiB and TiC precipitates in weldments. 

scholarly journals Mechanistic Study on Gold-Like Luster Development of Solution-Cast Oligo(3-methoxythiophene) Film

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Minako Kubo ◽  
Minako Tachiki ◽  
Terumasa Mitogawa ◽  
Kota Saito ◽  
Ryota Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Regular Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Solution-cast coating films of perchlorate-doped oligo(3-methoxythiophene) exhibited a gold-like luster similar to that of metallic gold despite the involvement of no metals. However, the development mechanism of the luster remains ambiguous. To understand the mechanism, we performed scanning electron microscopic analysis, variable-angle spectral reflectance measurements, and ellipsometry measurements on ClO4−-doped oligo(3-methoxythiophene) cast film with a gold-like luster. The results revealed that the lustrous color of the film was not induced by the submicron-sized regular structures (structural color), nor by the high-density free electrons (reflective response based on Drude model), but by the large optical constants (refractive index and extinction coefficient) of the film, as speculated previously.

Wear and microwear on the teeth of a moose (Alces alces) population in Manitoba, Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2467-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Young ◽  
Therese M. Marty
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Microwear Analysis ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis

A group of wild moose from Manitoba, Canada, were documented as having excessive tooth wear. Replicas of one incisor tooth were collected from 16 individuals and from 19 controls for comparison by volumetric and scanning electron microscopic analysis. All animals were aged from tooth cementum lines. Tooth replicas were cast from silicone rubber impressions in epoxy resin and sputter coated with gold. Tooth wear with age was compared statistically by measuring crown height, percent tooth loss, interfacet distance, and facet area on the incisors. The unique pattern of wear on the anterior teeth of affected moose was described. In affected animals, crown heights were significantly reduced and percent tooth loss was excessive. Microwear analysis found that an abrasive agent, acting predominantly in a lingual to labial direction, had been responsible for loss of enamel and dentine incisally and interproximally, and on the facial and lingual surfaces to a lesser extent. Interdental facets became involved by vertical abrasion. Control teeth showed fewer but coarser scratches and only approached the pattern of wear found in affected moose in a few individuals in old age. The loss of tooth structure would lead to diminished cropping efficiency and damage to the periodontium.

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