scholarly journals A Study on Changes & Implications of Classical Chinese and Evaluation consequent on Educational Curriculum Revision -With the 2007 Revised Educational Curriculum (Revision) as a Starting Point-

2015 ◽  
Vol null (44) ◽  
pp. 113-146
Author(s):  
Heo, Yeoun-Gu
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Revision ◽  
Educational Curriculum ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Classical Chinese

Simulated Lumbar Minimally Invasive Surgery Educational Model With Didactic and Technical Components

Neurosurgery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S107-S110
Author(s):  
Rohan Chitale ◽  
George M. Ghobrial ◽  
Darlene Lobel ◽  
James Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Screw Placement ◽  
Pedicle Screw Placement ◽  
Educational Curriculum ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Percutaneous Pedicle Screw ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Abstract BACKGROUND: The learning and development of technical skills are paramount for neurosurgical trainees. External influences and a need for maximizing efficiency and proficiency have encouraged advancements in simulator-based learning models. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the importance of establishing an educational curriculum for teaching minimally invasive techniques of pedicle screw placement using a computer-enhanced physical model of percutaneous pedicle screw placement with simultaneous didactic and technical components. METHODS: A 2-hour educational curriculum was created to educate neurosurgical residents on anatomy, pathophysiology, and technical aspects associated with image-guided pedicle screw placement. Predidactic and postdidactic practical and written scores were analyzed and compared. Scores were calculated for each participant on the basis of the optimal pedicle screw starting point and trajectory for both fluoroscopy and computed tomographic navigation. RESULTS: Eight trainees participated in this module. Average mean scores on the written didactic test improved from 78% to 100%. The technical component scores for fluoroscopic guidance improved from 58.8 to 52.9. Technical score for computed tomography—navigated guidance also improved from 28.3 to 26.6. CONCLUSION: Didactic and technical quantitative scores with a simulator-based educational curriculum improved objectively measured resident performance. A minimally invasive spine simulation model and curriculum may serve a valuable function in the education of neurosurgical residents and outcomes for patients.

scholarly journals Ge Hong’s Zhuang zi

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Peter Bumbacher
Keyword(s):  
German Text ◽  
Chinese Text ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Zhuang Zi ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
Chinese Texts

Abstract Sinology, as far as textual criticism is concerned, is still in its infancy compared with, e. g., New Testament, classical Greek or European medieval studies. Whereas virtually every ancient Greek, old English, or early German text – to name but a few – has been the subject of text critical scrutiny, in many cases even since Renaissance times, the same does not hold true for Chinese works. In the absence of early manuscripts they could themselves base upon, modern editions of classical Chinese texts usually take as their starting point the earliest extant printed versions which quite often date from Song times and are thus separated by many centuries from the no longer available originals. However, quite often testimonies of ancient texts exist as quotations in works that considerably predate the first printed versions of the texts in question. In view of this fact, virtually every classical Chinese text needs to be systematically re-examined and critically edited by taking into account every available explicit as well as implicit quotation. As the received version of the Zhuang zi 莊子 (Master Zhuang), a text whose origins may lie in the third century BCE, ultimately goes back to Guo Xiang’s 郭象 (ob. 312) editorial activities and as Ge Hong 葛洪 (283–343) was an author active at about the same time, there is a chance that a pre-Guo Xiang version may have been available to him. Therefore, as a case study, this paper examines the explicit as well as implicit Zhuang zi quotations to be found within Ge Hong’s works, in order to examine this possibility.

scholarly journals Kormányzástan a Laozi-ben

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2018/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Ladjánszky
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
Textual Cohesion

The power-technical aspects and the methods of governance of Laozi’s workare the less widely discussed topics of sinological literature on classical Chinese philosophy. The tension caused by the duality in the paradoxes in connection with the textual cohesion problems in the Daodejing’s reading isthe starting point for our analysis. An inherent way to resolve the tension wasmade possible by an original text-critical distinction, in which we can examinethe divergent and convergent aspects of the shengren-teaching that constitutesthe Daoist concept of governance. With the help of an analytical techniquebased on a close reading of the texts, in addition to the systematic discussionof the chapter relevance, Laozi’s first man, the sage shengren can be recognized and portrayed in four different roles: as a wise hermit, as a kind ofrulers’ helper, as a ruler who becomes a shengren and as a shengren whobecomes a ruler. These descriptions make it easier for us to understand thecomplex-heterogeneous system of the Daodejing’s governance.

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