scholarly journals CONCEPTS OF CYBERDETERRENCE AND DIGITAL SECURITY DILEMMA IN THE US ACADEMIC LITERATURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3(58)) ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA ZINOVIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Hillary Clinton and the Media: From Expected Roles to the Critique of Feminism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Topic ◽  
Etajha Gilmer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Media Criticism ◽  
Liberal Feminism ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Media

In this paper, we analysed Hillary Clinton’s relationship with the media starting from her first appointment at a US First Lady to her being the Democratic nominee for the US presidential elections in 2016. Thus, we analysed academic literature demonstrating Clinton’s problems with the media bias, and then added our own discourse analysis of articles on Clinton and feminism in two main national newspapers that have consistently demonstrated the power of setting the agenda and forming public opinion in the U.S. – The Washington Post and The New York Times. Discourse analysis has been used to analyse 20 selected articles that discussed Clinton’s feminist views in a period from September 2015 until September 2016, which was also a campaign period for 2016 U.S. elections. The findings add to the current research on the topic and show that the media undermined liberal feminism and its goals to undermine Hillary Clinton, whereas in the past Hillary was a subject of media criticism because of her refusal to fit into expected roles and be a supportive wife only. The discourse of criticism of Hillary Clinton has changed over time but every time with the same results, undermining the image and career advancement.

The Sound of Constitutional Silences: Interpretive Holism and Free Speech under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghav Kohli
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Indian Constitution ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Us ◽  
Constitutional Adjudication ◽  
Speech Clause

Abstract Unlike the US First Amendment, Article 19 of the Indian Constitution expressly enumerates eight grounds on which free speech may be restricted. Despite being a fundamental issue of constitutional interpretation, the question of whether Article 19 provides for an exhaustive list of restrictions has largely been neglected in academic literature and Indian jurisprudence. The latest site of contestations on the scope of the free speech clause has been the case of Kaushal Kishor, where the Supreme Court is currently hearing arguments on whether speech can be restricted by invoking fundamental rights beyond Article 19. This Article seeks to develop a principled answer by excavating the meaning of constitutional silences on the relationships between fundamental rights under the Indian Constitution. It argues that a strict textualist approach leads to a distinct form of rights absolutism that is both doctrinally incoherent and inconsistent with Indian jurisprudence. Examining the shift in the Supreme Court’s interpretive outlook from strict textualism to interpretive holism, it finds that the Court’s rich fundamental rights jurisprudence allows importing restrictions on speech from beyond Article 19. Such an approach also provides a meaningful framework for resolving intra-right, inter-right, and right-interest conflicts in the constitutional adjudication of free speech issues.

Commercial Real Estate as an Asset Class

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra C. Ghent ◽  
Walter N. Torous ◽  
Rossen I. Valkanov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Asset Class ◽  
Asset Classes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ownership Patterns

We survey the properties of commercial real estate (CRE) as an asset class. We first illustrate its importance relative to the US economy and to other asset classes. We then discuss CRE ownership patterns over time. While the academic literature has emphasized Real Estate Investment Trusts, about two-thirds of the value of CRE is owner occupied. We next study the return properties of CRE indices and discuss what is known about the returns to individual properties. We briefly discuss CRE debt before turning to property derivatives. Finally, we consider how including CRE in a portfolio affects the portfolio's performance.

The US-North Korean asymmetrical security dilemma: Past the point of nuclear no return?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-209
Author(s):  
Erwin Tan ◽  
Jae Jeok Park
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
White House ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Nuclear Arms Race

The bulk of literature on the security dilemma has examined the phenomenon within the context of rivalry between great powers of roughly equal strength (for instance, the United States-Soviet nuclear arms race). Yet no study has examined the implications of power asymmetry between a strong power and a weak one when they are facing the security dilemma in their interaction. This manuscript shall examine how the asymmetry of interaction in the United States-North Korean security dilemma has presented repeated obstacles for the United States in seeking the denuclearization of North Korea. The asymmetry of their rivalry has significant implications for how Washington and Pyongyang view one another in their interaction. This asymmetry has created challenges for Washington as well as Pyongyang, as illustrated through this empirical case study’s analysis of how successive United States White House administrations since 1993 have responded to North Korea’s nuclear ambitions. In this regard, it is possible the asymmetry of their interaction has become so deeply internalized that North Korea is, effectively, past a “point of no return” insofar as its nuclear program is concerned.

scholarly journals Mapping Out the Possible Outcomes of the Security Dilemma in International Politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-62
Author(s):  
Er-Win Tan
Keyword(s):  
International Politics ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Academic Literature

Whilst a significant amount of work has been undertaken in the field of security dilemma theory, there is a gap in the academic literature concerning the possible scenarios that may result from this phenomenon in international politics. To date, no known systematic attempt has been made to consider the full range of scenarios that may result from the security dilemma. Six possible scenario outcomes may be identified, these being: first, the security dilemma is transcended; second, a security-seeking state leaves itself unilaterally vulnerable to external aggression; third, the inappropriate adoption of diplomatic and military assertiveness to reaffirm deterrence instead arouses the fears of another security-seeking state, thereby leading to inadvertent escalation of a crisis into a conflict; fourth, a ‘deep security dilemma’ based on long-running mutual hostility that does not escalate into conflict; fifth, a security dilemma that escalates to the brink of conflict but is then de-escalated; and sixth, mitigation of the security dilemma between rival states. This article will explore these respective scenarios in terms of their underpinnings, as well as their implications for security and diplomacy.

scholarly journals Konfrontasi Amerika Serikat dan Iran dalam Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Satwika Paramasatya ◽  
Sigit Wiranto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Cognitive Consistency ◽  
Consistency Theory ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nuclear Issue

Iran Nuclear Agreement or Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)was the result of diplomatic negotiations achieved by the United States,United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, Germany, and Iran in 2015. Thenewly elected president of the United States Donald Trump brought newpolicies to the Iran’s nuclear issue. On May 8, 2018 The US governmentunilaterally withdraw themselves from the JCPOA agreement anddecided to reimpose the sanctions for Iran. This research tries to analyzewhy the US changed its policy to withdraw from the nuclear agreement byusing analytic eclecticism, with the combination of the security dilemmaand cognitive consistency theory. The result of this research shows thatthe US’ withdrawal from JCPOA psychologically caused by Trump’scognitive consistency. He thought that Iran’s nuclear agreement is a badand unreliable agreement because under this nuclear agreement, US andits allies still feel the security dilemma. Therefore, it pushed Trump toincrease the pressure to Iran by withdrawing themselves from the nuclearagreement.

scholarly journals A Universal Pricing Framework for Guaranteed Minimum Benefits in Variable Annuities

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 621-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bauer ◽  
Alexander Kling ◽  
Jochen Russ
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Methods ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Variable Annuities ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Risk Neutral ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income

Variable Annuities with embedded guarantees are very popular in the US market. There exists a great variety of products with both, guaranteed minimum death benefits (GMDB) and guaranteed minimum living benefits (GMLB). Although several approaches for pricing some of the corresponding guarantees have been proposed in the academic literature, there is no general framework in which the existing variety of such guarantees can be priced consistently. The present paper fills this gap by introducing a model, which permits a consistent and extensive analysis of all types of guarantees currently offered within Variable Annuity contracts. Besides a valuation assuming that the policyholder follows a given strategy with respect to surrender and withdrawals, we are able to price the contract under optimal policyholder behavior. Using both, Monte-Carlo methods and a generalization of a finite mesh discretization approach, we find that some guarantees are overpriced, whereas others, e.g. guaranteed annuities within guaranteed minimum income benefits (GMIB), are offered significantly below their risk-neutral value.

Using the Kano Model to Display the Association between Percentages of Keywords within Abstracts and Article Citations: A Bibliometric Study for JMIR Journals (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Hsin Chou ◽  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Hsien-Yi Wang ◽  
Willy Chou
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
National Library ◽  
Kano Model ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Us ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Bootstrapping Method

BACKGROUND Academic literature suggests keywords are retrieved from paper’s title and abstract. However, none explored the percentages of keywords within an abstract (PKWA) and investigated the association with the article citations so far. OBJECTIVE We compared the PKWA in journals and investigated the association between PLWA and article citations for scientifically scholar journals. METHODS Selecting 2,796 abstracts and the corresponding keywords from 15 JMIR journals published between 2017 to 2018 on the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health(Pubmed.org), we downloaded the number of citations matched by the PKWA for each article and then investigated the association between them. Choropleth maps were used to present the most productive and cited countries/areas in JMIR journals. The PKWA for each journal was transformed into odds by using the formula(=PKWA/(1-PKWA)) and displayed on a dashboard using the bootstrapping method to compare the differences across journals. The Kano model was applied to interpret the association between PKWA and the article citations. RESULTS The overall PKWA for the 15 JMIR journals is 65.3%. The top three most productive and cited countries are from the United States, the United Kington, and Canada. The differences in PKWA were found among JMIR journals. Only 0.4% of articles with lower PKWA had the tendencies toward a higher number of citations using the Kano diagram to interpret the results. The most influential article with PMID=28663162 published in 2017 has been cited 78 times, but only one keyword “health behavior” that exits in the context. The PKWA is 0.16(=1/6) for this article. CONCLUSIONS The moderate PKWA(=65.3%) urges us to reconsider whether keywords should be(or must be) from the paper’s title and abstract. The effect on searching PubMed for a keyword will be duplicated if the scheme with [All Fields] is applied. The number of keywords in the context can increase the visibility of an article which is a merit good for discusses in the future. CLINICALTRIAL Not available

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